Suchergebnisse

This answers questions about Electronic Benefits Transfers for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program during the pandemic in South Carolina.

ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas ; En el marco del impacto de la tecnología en el Derecho, siendo un tema global que se localiza, el Sistema Financiero en Colombia, particularmente los Establecimientos de crédito bancarios, son los llamados naturales a la implementación del Sistema de Pago Electrónico y en consecuencia de las Transferencia Electrónica de Fondos -TEF-. Así mismo, ante la anomia de un tratamiento jurídico sistematizado sobre ellas, el principio de la autonomía privada de la voluntad negocial entra a suplir esa deficiencia. El Consumidor Financiero se encuentra en una relación desigual o asimétrica frente al Sistema Financiero, por lo que se requiere "la intromisión" del Estado para tratar de aminorar los efectos desiguales en dicha relación. El trabajo analiza y describe el tratamiento jurídico de las Transferencia Electrónica de Fondos -TEF-, lo mismo que la manera cómo se produce la intervención estatal desde el legislativo, el ejecutivo en su función de inspección, vigilancia y control y desde el judicial cómo las jurisprudencias de las altas cortes arrojan directrices seguidas por la Delegatura jurisdiccional de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia. (Texto tomado de la fuente). ; In the context of the impact of technology on the Law, being a global issue that is located, the Financial System in Colombia, particularly the bank credit establishments, are the natural calls for the implementation of the Electronic Payment System and as a consequence of the Electronic Funds Transfers –EFT-. Likewise, before the anomie of a legal treatment systematized on them, the principle of the private autonomy of the negotiating will is the call to supply that deficiency. The Financial Consumer is in an unequal or asymmetric relationship with the Financial System, which is why it is necessary to "interfere" with the State in order to reduce the unequal effects of this relationship. The paper analyzes and describes the legal treatment of the Electronic Funds Transfers -EFT-, as well as the way in which ...

Treballs Finals del Màster de Ciències Actuarials i Financeres, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2019-2020, Tutoria: Joaquim Viola Comabella ; Esta investigación se centra en la nueva normativa de la Unión Europea sobre la aplicación de un mercado único de pagos denominado "Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA)", que tiene la finalidad de fomentar la competencia entre las entidades de crédito tradicionales y las nuevas entidades de pago. El "Single Euro Payments Area" es un sistema de transacción electrónica creado por la Unión Europea, sirve para armonizar las formas de pago sin efectivo para países que se encuentran en la zona del euro. El SEPA es la única forma de pago que está regulada por la Comisión Europea. (…)

Treballs Finals del Màster en Creación y Gestión de Empresas Innovadoras y de Base Tecnológica, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2018-2019, Tutor: Marc Rocas ; El objetivo de este trabajo es, por medio de una investigación, entender e identificar los efectos de la tecnología blockchain y la tokenización de la economía. Comprender como blockchain abre una nueva economía digital por medio de criptomonedas y tokens. Identificar su estructura, atributos y características propias. Además, analizar el efecto de los tokens contratos inteligentes para potencializar nuevos modelos de negocio en un sistema de activos programables. Por último, estudiar cómo esta tecnología puede ayudar a emprendedores a obtener financiación y a la vez darle la oportunidad a un público general de pequeños inversionistas de ser incluidos y captar valor a partir de proyectos en sus fases iniciales.

Abstract. In this paper we analyze how much influence the political party with the largest nationwide (Partido Revolucionario Institucional: PRI) in the Congress, specifically the House of Representatives, in the distribution of the Funds of Branch 23: Paving Fund and Sports Spaces for Municipalities, for the year 2010 which is when this fund was created and for the year 2011. The results of our analysis were that there is a positive impact in the influence of the political party with the largest presence in the Chamber of Deputies in the allocation of resources to those municipalities that are governed by mayors from the PRI. Resumen. En el presente artículo se analiza la influencia que puede presentar la configuración de la Cámara de Diputados con una mayoría por partido en la asignación de recursos hacia las entidades federativas y municipios. Se tomó el caso del Fondo de Pavimentación y Espacios Deportivos para Municipios comparando la distribución en el año de su creación (2010) cuando no se emitieron reglas para su acceso con el siguiente año (2011) tomando en cuenta nuevos criterios. El resultado que nos arroja nuestro análisis es que existe una incidencia positiva en cuanto a la influencia política que se ejerce cuando un existe mayoría en la representación partidista en la Cámara de Diputados.

Intergovernmental fiscal transfers are a dominant feature of sub-national finance in most countries. They are used to ensure that revenues roughly match the expenditure needs of various orders (levels) of sub-national governments. They are also used to advance national, regional and local area objectives such as fairness and equity and creating a common economic union. The structure of these transfers create incentives for national, regional and local governments that have a bearing on fiscal management, macroeconomic stability, distributional equity, allocative efficiency and public services delivery. This paper reviews conceptual, empirical and the practice literature to distill lessons of policy interest in designing the fiscal transfers to create the right incentives for prudent fiscal managment and competitive and innovative service delivery. The paper provides practical guidance on the design of performance-oriented transfers that emphasize bottom-up, client- focused and results-based government accountability. It cites examples of simple but innovative grant designs that can satisfy grantors' objectives while preserving local autonomy and creating an enabling environment for responsive, responsible, equitable and accountable public governance. The paper further provides guidance on the design and the practice of equalization transfers for regional fiscal equity as well as the institutional arrangements for implementation of such transfer mechanisms. The paper concludes with negative (practices to avoid) and positive (practices to emulate) lessons from international practices.

Intergovernmental fiscal transfers are a dominant feature of sub-national finance in most countries. They are used to ensure that revenues roughly match the expenditure needs of various orders (levels) of sub-national governments. They are also used to advance national, regional and local area objectives such as fairness and equity and creating a common economic union. The structure of these transfers create incentives for national, regional and local governments that have a bearing on fiscal management, macroeconomic stability, distributional equity, allocative efficiency and public services delivery. This paper reviews conceptual, empirical and the practice literature to distill lessons of policy interest in designing the fiscal transfers to create the right incentives for prudent fiscal managment and competitive and innovative service delivery. The paper provides practical guidance on the design of performance-oriented transfers that emphasize bottom-up, client- focused and results-based government accountability. It cites examples of simple but innovative grant designs that can satisfy grantors' objectives while preserving local autonomy and creating an enabling environment for responsive, responsible, equitable and accountable public governance. The paper further provides guidance on the design and the practice of equalization transfers for regional fiscal equity as well as the institutional arrangements for implementation of such transfer mechanisms. The paper concludes with negative (practices to avoid) and positive (practices to emulate) lessons from international practices.

Vertical transfers in Argentina have encouraged an expansion of provincial expenditures. In this paper we estimate the impact of vertical transfers on own-source sub-national revenue effort. The results suggest provinces react differently to central government transfers, depending on the nature of the transfer. Automatic transfers are consumed and, at the same time, they increase the tax bases of some provincial taxes easing higher revenues. This reaction is consistent with a permanent income shock. But discretionary transfers are seen as temporary income. Provinces use part of them to increase capital expenditures and another part to reduce own taxes. This reduction may be reversed later if the political game (or shortages of funds) force a reduction for the discretional amounts received from the Federal government. This is a particular type of the "flypaper effect". ; Departamento de Economía

The purpose of this paper is to address confidentiality in electronic public procurement, since current legislation in Uruguay determines that public procurement must be guided, in a very broad rule, by the principle of transparency, considering that it is the true basis of contracting democracy, which makes it the main instrument to combat corruption. It happens that the legal system foresees exceptions, in which the information can be classified as secret, reserved and confidential, as defined by the legislation. Finally, it addresses the Electronic Opening modality to be used by the Public Administration in its contracts. ; El propósito de este artículo es abordar la confidencialidad en la contratación pública electrónica, ya que la legislación vigente en Uruguay determina que la contratación pública debe guiarse, en una regla muy amplia, por el principio de transparencia, considerando que es el verdadero sustento de la contraer la democracia, lo que la convierte en el principal instrumento para combatir la corrupción. Ocurre que el ordenamiento jurídico prevé excepciones, en las que la información se puede clasificar como secreta, reservada y confidencial, según lo define la legislación. Finalmente, aborda la modalidad de Apertura Electrónica para ser utilizada por la Administración Pública en sus contratos. ; O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar o sigilo na contratação pública eletrônica, uma vez que a legislação em vigor no Uruguai determina que a contratação pública deve ser pautada, em regra muito ampla, pelo princípio da transparência, por ser esta a verdadeira base da democracia contratual. o que o torna o principal instrumento de combate à corrupção. Ocorre que o ordenamento jurídico prevê exceções, nas quais as informações podem ser classificadas como secretas, reservadas e confidenciais, conforme definido pela legislação. Por fim, trata da modalidade Abertura Eletrônica a ser utilizada pela Administração Pública em seus contratos.

The study established the role of electronic evidence in the system of administrative procedures in Ukraine and in the member states of the Council of Europe. Direct observation, comparison and analysis of the content of the documents were used. The key results of the study were the peculiarities identified from the use of electronic evidence in administrative procedures among the 47 member states of the Council of Europe; established sources of creation, origin of electronic evidence to be used in administrative procedures; the resolute attitude of the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe towards electronic evidence in administrative proceedings. Unlike paper documents, electronic documents require special attention to their review, search and involvement in the case. It is concluded that the study of electronic evidence should be approached from the point of view of the knowledge and skills of specialists, experts and interpreters who have the appropriate license and experience. The prospects for further investigations are establishing the importance of law enforcement agencies in the field of cybersecurity in ensuring the integrity of electronic evidence used in administrative proceedings.

Intergovernmental fiscal transfers are a dominant feature of sub-national finance in most countries. They are used to ensure that revenues roughly match the expenditure needs of various orders (levels) of sub-national governments. They are also used to advance national, regional and local area objectives such as fairness and equity and creating a common economic union. The structure of these transfers create incentives for national, regional and local governments that have a bearing on fiscal management, macroeconomic stability, distributional equity, allocative efficiency and public services delivery. This paper reviews conceptual, empirical and the practice literature to distill lessons of policy interest in designing the fiscal transfers to create the right incentives for prudent fiscal managment and competitive and innovative service delivery. The paper provides practical guidance on the design of performance-oriented transfers that emphasize bottom-up, client- focused and results-based government accountability. It cites examples of simple but innovative grant designs that can satisfy grantors' objectives while preserving local autonomy and creating an enabling environment for responsive, responsible, equitable and accountable public governance. The paper further provides guidance on the design and the practice of equalization transfers for regional fiscal equity as well as the institutional arrangements for implementation of such transfer mechanisms. The paper concludes with negative (practices to avoid) and positive (practices to emulate) lessons from international practices.

"U S 576 SP." ; Label on cover: Restricted. This publication in not for distribution in the United States or to American civilian or military personnel overseas. ; Cover title. ; Digital reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Description based on print version record.

This paper focuses on the experience of Citizen Charters for Electronic Public Services (CCEPS) in the Spanish central level of government. It provides (1) evidences about an ongoing public sector management reform instrument addressing administrative transparency and orientation to the citizens inSpain. (2) Besides, the author points out the potential convergence between quality management and eGovernment, derived from this concrete case, but also previous experiences and trajectories of both type of modernization strategies, specially, in bureaucratic public administrations. This article presents a case study methodology, using a comparative approach addressing the study of past experiences and trajectories with quality management and eGovernment strategies. This paper provides fresh ideas about the necessity to adopt hybrid public sector management reform strategies, to transform government addressing the importance of electronic public services and the quality standards required to meet citizens requirementsand expectations in eGovernment scenarios. ; El artículo aborda la experiencia de las Cartas Ciudadanas para los Servicios Públicos Electrónicos, desarrollada en el gobierno central español. Provee (1) evidencia sobre el uso de un instrumento de reforma del sector público que apunta a la transparencia administrativa y está orientado hacia el ciudadano.(2) Además, el autor plantea la existencia de un potencial de convergencia entre la gestión de la calidad y el gobierno electrónico, que deriva de un caso concreto, pero también de trayectorias y experiencias propias de los dos tipos de reforma, especialmente en las administraciones públicas. El artículo usa una metodología de estudio de caso y un enfoque comparativo para el estudio de experiencias pasadas de estrategias implementadas tanto en gestión de la calidad como en el gobierno electrónico. El artículo presenta ideas novedosas respecto a la necesidad de impulsar estrategias híbridas de reformas de la gestión del sector público que permitan un ...

This paper argues that the present legal regime applicable to the activities and procedures of the Public Administration in Colombia, and particularly to Government contracting, is a sufficient platform for the implementation of electronic government and in particular of electronic government procurement because Law 80 of 1993, the colombian government contracts Act, doees no limit, neither it prohibits the use of information technologies, nor it imposes limits restricting or making impossible the use of such technologies. Law 80 of 1993 actually provides for the minimum standards required for the implementation of electronic government procurement and Law 527 of 1999 (Colombian electronic Commerce Act) provides the legal basis for electronic documents and transactions and digital signatures. ; Este documento alega que el régimen legal actualmente aplicable a las actuaciones y actividades de la administración pública y en particular a la contratación estatal son una plataforma suficiente para la implementación de políticas públicas de gobierno electrónico y de compras estales electrónicas en particular, porque la ley 80 de 1993, actual estatuto vigente de la contratación pública no limita, ni prohibe el uso de tecnologías de información, ni exige requisitos que hagan imposible o restrinjan el uso de dichas tecnologías. Porque la ley 80 de 1993 incluye los estándares mínimos para la implementación de sistemas de compras estatales electrónicas y la Ley 527 de 1999 da base legal suficiente a los documentos electrónicos, a la transmisión electrónica de datos y a todo lo relacionado con las firmas digitales.

The international evidence shows that the spending of sub-national governments depends on unconditional transfers from the central government. This evidence makes relevant the following question: What is the optimal design of inter-governmental transfers? In this article we provide an answer to this question. The main contribution of this article is the characterization of optimal unconditional intergovernmental transfers. We also contribute to the literature, by providing empirically verifiable hypotheses on how the federal transfers from the central government depend on the interregional inequality of income, the distribution and magnitude of interregional spillovers of sub-national expenditures, and the deadweight labor costs associated with taxation and intergovernmental transfers.