The Military Arsenal of La Spezia today occupies a plain a time populated by irreverent springs, the "sprugole", and streams that fed lush vegetation. In 1870 the massive project of General Chiodo imposed substantial changes to the geomorphology of the places and in a few years, thanks to major hydraulic engineering works, two large basins replaced the gardens of the friars and the industrial architectures of the naval base expanded westward up to besiege the ancient village of Marola. Since the focus of the defence system of the Navy has shifted to the south of the country, the landscape heritage of the Military Arsenal of La Spezia is facing a new significant transformation. The risk of jeopardizing its unity in favour of speculative or erosive mechanisms is high. To this political complexity, is added the one of a place that still presents interesting geomorphological features and a military identity, which it is hard to ignore. As part of plans for a sustainable transformation of this piece of the Gulf (Marola), which collects the auspices of citizenship and interpret geomorphological and ecological behaviour of the system it is useful today to investigate the landscape resilience of these places to propose new sustainable uses and create a new landscape.
The concept of resilience can be applied to postwar buildings, which are increasingly exposed to seismic events. Today this threat can be dealt with through preventive practices, based on the use of adaptive exoskeletons: prosthetic systems that identify a feld of experimentation marked by an undoubted social, environmental and economic value. This technique is based on a design that simultaneously allows seismic upgrade, energy retroft, plant-engineering adjustment and the remodelage of those structurally, aesthetically and functionally obsolete and highly vulnerable residential buildings, on which resilience can activate targeted policies aimed at the preservation of human life, environmental sustainability and the rational use of the scarce economic resources available. ; 3 ; Bellini O. E. ; Il concetto di resilienza può essere applicato ai patrimoni edilizi del dopoguerra sempre più esposti a eventi sismici. Oggi si può far fronte a questa minaccia con pratiche preventive basate sull'impiego di esoscheletri adattivi: sistemi protesici che individuano un campo di sperimentazione dall'indubbio valore sociale, ambientale ed economico. Questa tecnica si basa su una progettualità che permette simultaneamente il seismic upgrade, il retrofit energetico, l'adeguamento impiantistico e il remodelage di quei manufatti residenziali vetusti e a elevata vulnerabilità, e obsolescenza strutturale, estetica e funzionale, sui quali la resilienza può attivare mirate politiche di preservazione della vita umana, di sostenibilità ambientale e uso razionale e scarse risorse economiche disponibili. ; open ; Non definito ; open ; Bellini, Oscar Eugenio; Marini, Alessandra; Passoni, Chiara ; Bellini, Oscar Eugenio; Marini, Alessandra; Passoni, Chiara
The Project to design the IDrovolante INnovativo TOScano (IDINTOS), a two-seater amphibious aircraft featuring a PrandtlPlane configuration was initiated in 2011. This project was led by the Civil and Industrial Engineering department (Aerospace Unit) of Pisa University and co-funded by the Regional Government of Tuscany. The project was executed by Edi Progetti & Sviluppo and completed in August 2013 with the construction of a full-scale prototype of IDINTOS. The primary objective of this thesis was to establish an initial draft manual (Pilot's Operating Handbook, POH) based on the IDINTOS research activities compliant with standard regulations for future use in certification applications. This encompassed observing, actively participating and documenting the manufacturing and assembly end to end process during all phases of the IDINTOS project. The thesis is divided in three parts. The first part provides an overview of the main aviation regulations and the current legislative framework for sport and recreational aviation. The second part illustrates the prototype construction and assembly through a series of pictures taken during the assembly process. Additionally it addresses the thought process for identifying the best features of the prototype and their integration into the final product. The last part of the thesis is the initial draft of the POH for the IDINTOS prototype, prepared in accordance with standard requirements set forth in General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) Specification No.1.
The continued use of existing structures is of great importance because the built environment is a huge economic and political asset, growing larger every year. The assessment of existing structures is now a major engineering task. The structural engineer is increasingly called upon to devise ways for extending the life of structures whilst observing tight cost constraints, so obsolescence analysis is fundamental in the process of life extending. It is fundamental to establish principles for the assessment of existing structures, since it is a process based on an approach which is obviously different from designing new structure. Moreover, the process of assessment requires knowledge beyond the scope of design codes. Engineers may apply specific methods for assessment in order to save structures and to reduce a client's expenditure. The ultimate goal is to limit the interventions to the minimum needed and to consider the various solutions, such as refurbishment, adaptive reuse or demolition; those goals are clearly in agreement with the principles of sustainable development. Moreover, it is worth noticing that demolition is not the only possible solution. This document is intended as an example of principals and procedures for the obsolescence analysis and the assessment of aging structure. Various concepts are introduced and studied in this research: useful life, physical life and target life, which are compared each other. Moreover, various practical examples are carried on, dealing with the case study. The aim of this research, that was developed in collaboration with OTH – Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule of Regensburg and with a meeting at the Klokner Institute - Czech Technical University of Prague, is based on the study and applications of the ISO 13822 (Bases for design of structures), ISO 2394 (General principles on reliability for structures) and on the analysis of Eurocode 8 (Seismic design of buildings). The basis for reliability assessment is contained in the performance requirements for safety and serviceability of ISO 2394. This Standard enables the possibility to regulate, verify and document the adequate safe performance of structures, and also to consider them in a broader sense as part of societal systems; it provides approaches at three levels, namely: risk informed, reliability based and semi-probabilistic approach. The methodical basis for this edition of the ISO 2394 is described in JCSS (2008), JCSS (2001) and EN 1990 (2007). The building of Scuola Rossini (Firenze) is an adequate case study, since it is an aging and obsolete building; it was subjected to the earthquake of 1919, whose epicentre was in Mugello, and to a flood in 1966. The mentioned structure is affected by several decay phenomena that occurred during the years, because of ordinary and extraordinary causes. The goal of the surveys which were conducted on the structure is to understand how and why the deterioration phenomena were originated. Furthermore, the case study is a significant example since its structure is a mixture between masonry and reinforced concrete frames. Since masonry structures constitute a huge part of the buildings heritage, their assessment is an important engineering task nowadays, and it requires the application of sophisticated analysis methods, based on national building codes and on International Standards. Since the masonry behaves according to a set of specific macro-elements, namely of rigid-bodies, the structural analysis mainly concerns the identification of these macro-elements and the related failure mechanisms activated by specific actions, such as earthquakes. Seismic and kinematic analysis were done on the building. Dealing with seismic and seismic vulnerability too, this research was focused on the seismicity of Firenze: the European requirements are analysed together with the Italian ones; the attenuation laws depending on intensity and acceleration are studied too, and a practical example is provided. The seismic and kinematic analysis bring to a complete picture of the case study, and the seismic risk indexes are provided and discussed too. The study is organized in accordance with a step-by-step procedure, such as the flow chart of the ISO 13822 suggests: in the first step the preliminary assessment was performed, considering the available documentation and results from inspection and check; the following step concerns a more detailed appraisal, in which the structural analysis is carried out.
Il Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione dell'Università di Padova svolge ricerca nel settore della generalizzazione cartografica, grazie anche ad un progetto fìnanziato dalla Regione Veneto che gode della collaborazione dell'IGM.Questo progetto di ricerca, chiamato CARGEN, nasce originariamente con lo scopo di studiare la realizzazione di un processo automatico per derivare il DB25 IGM a partire dai dati territoriali della Regione Veneto ed è stato successivamente esteso allo studio della generalizzazione a scale più basse, in particolare alla scala l :50000. Il progetto di ricerca ha portato, recentemente, a sviluppare un processo per la generalizzazione di un database topografico realizzato secondo le specifiche lGM per la scala l :50000, chiamato 0850, a partire dai dati della Regione Veneto in scala 1 :5000. In questo articolo verrà illustrato il processo di generalizzazione sviluppato, indicando alcuni degli aspetti più salienti del lavoro di progettazione di tale processo, descrivendone il funzionamento e i risultati ottenuti. ; Since some years the Information Engineering Department of the University of Padova is active in the research field of automated generalization, thanks also to a project funded by the local government Regione Veneto that enjoys the cooperation of the Italian NMA Istituto Geografico Militare (IGM). This research project, called CARGEN, was born to study the generalization of the regional 1:5000 scale topographic data to the 1:25000 scale IGM database, and it has been later extended to study the generalization to smaller scales, in particular the 1:50000. Recently an automated process for the generalization to such scale has been developed, allowing to derive a topographic database at 1:50000 scale from the 1:5000 scale data of the Regione Veneto. This article will describe the generalization process developed, giving some insights on the design process and on its workings and will illustrate the results achieved.
La società odierna è caratterizzata dall'eccesso, dall'esasperata ricerca di bellezza sia psico-fisica (dalla ginnastica allo yoga, dalla moda alla cosmetica, dalla chirurgia estetica all'ingegneria genetica) sia materiale (dagli abiti agli accessori, dal telefonino all'automobile). Di fronte a questa realtà in cui l'apparenza, il piacere e il divertimento sono divenuti, in ogni campo, gli obiettivi dominanti l'estetica deve sforzarsi di superare i confini "canonici" di un'astratta speculazione accademica al fine di orientare in senso pragmatico la sfera d'indagine. Diviene, quindi, sempre più urgente individuare nuove categorie e adottare più adeguati modelli epistemologici. Da qui l'ipotesi di riconfigurare l'estetica ("iperestetica") in senso transdisciplinare e transartistico. Lo scopo è quello comprendere la complessità dell'esperienza attraverso il dialogo con altri saperi (ecologia, biologia, sociologia, psicologia, antropologia, gastronomia), ma anche di avviare un'indagine più ricca ed esaustiva sull'arte, le cui forme non sono più (o non solamente) identificabili con l'oggetto artistico, bensì sono da rintracciare tra le pratiche della vita quotidiana. Con questo obiettivo si giustifica la scelta, forse restrittiva ma non arbitraria, di privilegiare, come chiavi di lettura per questo lavoro, le teorie di due filosofi: il pragmatista americano Richard Shusterman e il neofenomenologo tedesco Gernot Böhme, poiché entrambi rivalutano, attraverso un esplicito richiamo a Baumgarten, il valore della conoscenza sensibile. Shusterman vuole riconsiderare, in chiave filosofica, alcune pratiche corporee (cosmetica, chirurgia estetica, ginnastica, yoga ecc.) e riconoscere il valore estetico della cultura popolare. Böhme, attraverso la nuova categoria di "atmosfera", vuole offrire strumenti interpretativi e critici con cui operare consapevolmente in molti settori del "lavoro estetico": dal design al packaging, dalla scenografia all'architettura d'interni, dalla moda alla cosmetica, dalla comunicazione alla pubblicità. Secondo questa duplice chiave interpretativa vari ambiti della vita quotidiana (dalla natura al design, dal marketing alla politica) saranno sondati al fine di riconsiderarli alla luce di una nuova estetica pragmatica. ; Contemporary society is characterized by excess, by the exasperated search for beauty, in both psycho-physical (e.g., from athletics to yoga, from fashion to cosmetics, from cosmetic surgery to genetic engineering) and material terms (from clothes to accessories, from mobile phones to automobiles). Confronting a reality where appearance, pleasure, and fun have become dominant concerns, the study of aesthetics has to move beyond the "canonical" confines of abstract academic inquiry in order to orient its research sphere in a pragmatic direction. There is an increasingly urgent need to identify new categories and to articulate more appropriate epistemological models. Addressing these concerns in the present volume, Elisabetta Di Stefano aims to reconfigure aesthetics in transdisciplinary and transartistic (i.e., "hyperaesthetic") terms. The goal is to understand the complexity of experience by establishing a dialogue with other disciplines (e.g., ecology, biology, sociology, psychology, anthropology, gastronomy) and also to initiate a richer and more comprehensive analysis of art, whose forms are no longer (or not solely) to be found in the artistic object, but also in the practices of everyday life. This goal explains the decision (which may be restrictive, but it is not arbitrary) to adopt as privileged interpretive frameworks the theories of two philosophers, the American pragmatist Richard Shusterman and the German neophenomenologist Gernot Böhme, because both reevaluate the significance of sensible knowledge through explicit references to Baumgarten. Shusterman aims to rethink in philosophic terms some bodily practices (e.g., cosmetics, cosmetic surgery, athletics, yoga) and to account for the aesthetic value of popular culture. Böhme articulates the new category of "atmosphere" in order to offer interpretive and critical tools with which to intervene consciously in many fields of "aesthetic work:" from design to packaging, from scenography to interior architecture, from fashion to cosmetics, from communications to advertising. Adopting this dual interpretive framework, the author examines various aspects of everyday life (from nature to design, from marketing to politics), in order to reconceptualize them in light of a new pragmatist aesthetics.
I limiti di polveri sottili in ambiente, stabiliti dall'Unione Europea, vengono attualmente superati nei periodi invernali a causa dall'impiego nel riscaldamento civile di impianti alimentati a biomassa che introducono nell'aria ambiente forti concentrazioni di polveri sottili (PM10 e PM2.5). Questo panorama è aggravato dal fatto che al momento queste caldaie sono estremamente diffuse e sfuggono alla normativa relativa alle emissioni di polvere. Gli obiettivi della tesi consistono nella progettazione, realizzazione e sperimentazione di un dispositivo per la filtrazione del particolato per le caldaie di piccola dimensione ad uso domestico. In particolare il sistema di filtrazione che si vuole ottenere deve essere caratterizzato da: elevata efficienza di filtrazione, un basso consumo energetico, un'elevata facilità di installazione per poterlo integrare anche su impianti già esistenti, una facile manutenzione. Per raggiungere gli obiettivi di progetto, nei laboratori del Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, sono state allestite differenti impianti sperimentali per la valutazione di altrettante soluzioni impiantistiche, potendo così misurare la quantità di polveri sottili emesse in funzione dei parametri di esercizio. L'analisi delle prove realizzate in precedenza e dei risultati ottenuti ha permesso di procedere con la progettazione di un sistema di filtrazione che soddisfi gli obiettivi prefissati. I risultati ottenenti nelle configurazioni testate sono stati quindi utilizzati per realizzare un modello matematico che permetta di confrontare l'efficacia dei vari parametri sull'efficienza globale di cattura del particolato emesso dalla caldaia in funzione del suo carico e della sua granulometria; in questa maniera si è infine identificata una soluzione per raggiungere gli obiettivi di progetto. ; The limits of fine particles in ambient, established by the European Union, are exceeded during the winter season because the use in civil heating of biomass plants introduce in ambient high level of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). This panorama is aggravated by the fact that these boilers are extremely widespread and are not included in the dust emissions legislation. The target of the thesis consists in the design, implementation and testing of a device for the filtration of particulates for small size boilers for domestic use. The filtration system to be obtained must be characterized by: high filtration efficiency, low energy consumption, high simplicity of installation so to be integrate on existing systems, easy maintenance. To achieve the project's objectives, in the laboratories of the Department of Industrial Engineering, were set up different experimental systems for the evaluation of various solutions, allowing to measure the amount of particulate emissions as a function of operating parameters. The analysis of the test performed previously and the results obtained made it possible to proceed with the design of a filtration system that meets the set objectives. The results in getting tested configurations were then used to make a mathematical model that allows to compare the effectiveness of various parameters on the overall efficiency of the particulate capture emitted from the boiler in function of its load and its particle size; in this manner is finally identified a solution to achieve the project objectives.
Art and Ideas Francisco de Hollanda and Sixteenth-Century Aesthetics The historians of aesthetics who have studied the problem of ideas in art theory (from Panofsky to Baeumler and Tatarkiewicz) have overlooked Da pintura antiga, by Portuguese artist and theoretician Francisco de Hollanda (1517-1584), a text where the Platonic notion of idea enters a treatise on art for the first time. The present volume aims to fill such gap by shedding light on an author who has long been overshadowed by the great Michelangelo (whom Hollanda met during his stay in Rome in the years 1538-1540), as well as by advancing an analysis of the aesthetic concepts that emerge not only from Da pintura antiga, but from the entire body of Hollanda's works. The most significant element is that in Hollanda's approach art theory appropriates connotations previosuly reserved for poetic creativity. In fact, poetry had borrowed from Platonic philosophy the notion of "divine frenzy" to describe the inspired poet. According to Hollanda, on the contrary, it is the artist who, possessed by such frenzy, is able to rise to the world of ideas. Artistic creativity thus acquires a sacred dimension: "ancient painting" is seen as a sort of "prisca pictura" that, like Ermete Tremegisto's "prisca theologia", reveals the most hidden truths. The "melancholic" artist, who possesses an inspired and bizarre imagination, as best exemplified by "grottesche", is the only one capable of grasping the idea and fixing it with uncommon rapidity in a sketch. This is a complex and not always immediately successful procedure. Thus, Hollanda considers blindness as a privileged factor to grasp the kind of beauty that the artist, like the prophet, can see only with his "inner eyes", eyes that are not dimmed by sensible perceptions. Consequently, "drawing" becomes a key element of Hollanda's thought. Drawing emerges as the basis not only of painting, sculpture, and architecture, but of all the arts that are connected with images: from martial strategy to civil and military engineering; from maps to the design of insignia, livery, clothes, and ornaments. Hollanda moves beyond the distinction between major and minor arts, and his approach emerges as more modern than the one that Vasary will articulate a few years later in his famous definition of the "arts of drawing".
