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The study was aimed to analyze theoretical material on the issues of idiomatic expressions and their translation, as well as to define and assess the importance of the translation of idiomatic expressions, which students can encounter in technical literature, into Ukrainian. The transformation of image of English idioms is a very difficult task because of their semantic richness, imagery, brevity and the brightness. On the one hand, English idioms are widely used in oral speech, artistic and political literature. On the other hand, English idioms are used in technical literature, though not so often. The choice of one or another type of translation depends on the features of idiomatic expressions that students must recognize and be able to transform their meaning, brightness and clarity.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes,, through which explicit estimates of meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. ; The article deals with the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes in Barak Obama's speeches, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton's debates, and other materials from The New Yourk Times, The Guardian, The Tellegraph, The Washington Post, The Global Politician, etc., through which explicit attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. It is stated that tropes functioning in the English-language media texts have a high axiological potential because they are characterized by emotionality and expressiveness, being one of the basic means of transferring attitudinal meanings for creating axiological context of the message. The article also focuses on the study of the category of evaluation as an important means of pragmatic influence, its role and means of implementation in media texts. As a result of the analysis of more than three hundred lexical units expressing the attitudinal meaning, selected by means of complete selection, the frequency of using different types of tropes for expressing attitudinal meaning by politicians has been identified. It is highlighted that the most commonly used tropes in English-language media texts are comparisons, metaphors, epithets, oxymoron, irony, sarcasm, metonymy.The specificity of the functioning of tropes and their types as a means of transferring attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts is analyzed and illustrated on examples in the article. It is noted that the evaluation in political discourse is strongly influenced by cultural and national values. The article emphasizes that the use of the tropes in contemporary English-language political media texts contributes to the ambiguity of figurative means, reflects the original picture of the world in a concise form, but it can cause difficulties in interpreting the text and, at the same time, reveals wide opportunities for further scholarly research.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes,, through which explicit estimates of meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. ; The article deals with the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes in Barak Obama's speeches, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton's debates, and other materials from The New Yourk Times, The Guardian, The Tellegraph, The Washington Post, The Global Politician, etc., through which explicit attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. It is stated that tropes functioning in the English-language media texts have a high axiological potential because they are characterized by emotionality and expressiveness, being one of the basic means of transferring attitudinal meanings for creating axiological context of the message. The article also focuses on the study of the category of evaluation as an important means of pragmatic influence, its role and means of implementation in media texts. As a result of the analysis of more than three hundred lexical units expressing the attitudinal meaning, selected by means of complete selection, the frequency of using different types of tropes for expressing attitudinal meaning by politicians has been identified. It is highlighted that the most commonly used tropes in English-language media texts are comparisons, metaphors, epithets, oxymoron, irony, sarcasm, metonymy.The specificity of the functioning of tropes and their types as a means of transferring attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts is analyzed and illustrated on examples in the article. It is noted that the evaluation in political discourse is strongly influenced by cultural and national values. The article emphasizes that the use of the tropes in contemporary English-language political media texts contributes to the ambiguity of figurative means, reflects the original picture of the world in a concise form, but it can cause difficulties in interpreting the text and, at the same time, reveals wide opportunities for further scholarly research.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes,, through which explicit estimates of meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. ; The article deals with the study of the role of tropes in the formation of the axiological context of media text. Stylistic means of transferring attitudinal meanings in the English-language media are characterized by brightness of images, expressiveness and emotionality, which creates highly contextual assessments. The texts of the mass media are distinguished by their axiological load and the relief of the author's images. The article deals with the notion of evaluation as a linguistic category. We identified the most commonly used tropes in Barak Obama's speeches, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton's debates, and other materials from The New Yourk Times, The Guardian, The Tellegraph, The Washington Post, The Global Politician, etc., through which explicit attitudinal meanings in English-language media texts of political themes are carried out. It is stated that tropes functioning in the English-language media texts have a high axiological potential because they are characterized by emotionality and expressiveness, being one of the basic means of transferring attitudinal meanings for creating axiological context of the message. The article also focuses on the study of the category of evaluation as an important means of pragmatic influence, its role and means of implementation in media texts. As a result of the analysis of more than three hundred lexical ...

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the English-language terminology of the socio-political sphere and unification of the new terminology, which appears under the influence of global social changes. Considering the changes that have occurred in the language during the last decades the author argues for the necessity to compile a modern dictionary of the socio-political vocabulary. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу особливостей англомовної термінології соціально-політичної сфери та уніфікації нової термінології, що виникає під впливом глобальних соціальних змін. Враховуючи зміни, що відбулися в мові за останні десятиліття, автор обґрунтовує необхідність складання сучасного словника соціально-політичної лексики.

Language is one of the most important ways to identify one's gender, as gender is shown by the choice of linguistic constructions. Any change in the perception of gender reflects on the language. Therefore it is clear from here that feminism and the expansion of the perception of gender have led to specific changes in language and this gives the basis for linguistic research. As a cultural phenomenon gender evokes a huge interest among scientists. Nevertheless there is a scientific gap in studying the influence of gender on the English language. Therefore the relevance of this research is based on the necessity of analyzing the connection between language and gender, in particular the specificity of usage gender-neutral language units. The research reveals the peculiarities of formation and functioning of the gender neutral pronouns in the English language under the influence of social and historical factors. The gender neutral pronouns are characterized and analyzed according to the purposes and spheres of their application in American English. The specificity of using gender marked and gender neutral language units is clarified. The research is focused on the changes of functioning the traditional gender neutral pronouns with time, and principles of characterizing new non-traditional gender neutral pronouns according to their usage. The gender neutral pronouns are divided by the spheres of functioning into two groups:1) that are used when there is no information about the gender identity of the subject of the speech and 2) that are used to avoid discrimination. Gender neutral units of language are used to avoid gender asymmetry - not propotional presentation of both genders. The representatives from feministic or LGBTQ+ communities claim that the usage of gender marked words impose stereotypical perception of the world which is wrong. The study reveals that the first introduction of the gender neutral pronouns was made in the form of the third person pronoun they used in singularity in cases when the information about person's gender is not available or not to emphasize the state of being female and equalizing the social status of men and women. The traditional pronoun they in majority of cases is used to address to a person with unknown gender. New gender neutral pronouns like zie, en, his-her provide speakers with the possibility to avoid women discrimination, calling a member of LGBTQ+ community as an act of political correctness. References 1. Bessonova, Olga. 2001. "Ocenochnye stereotipy v kontekste gendernyh issledovaniy". Nova Philologia, 1(10): 41–57. 2. Goroshko, Elena. 2003. Yazykovoye soznaniye. Gendernaya paradigma. Kharkov: Izdatelskiy Dom. 3. Dudolayeva, Olga. 2003. "Dynamika yazykovoi reprezentatsii gendera v publitsisticheskom diskurse (vtoraia polovina XX – nachalo XXI veka)". Phd diss., Kharkov. 4. Emirsuinova, Gilzara. 2003. "Leksykon suchasnoho feminizmu (na materiali anhliyskoi movu)". Phd diss., Kyiv. 5. Zatsnyi, Yuriy. 2007. Suchasnyi anhlomovnyi svit i zbahachennia slovnukovogo skladu. Lviv: PAIS. 6. Martyniuk, Alla. 2004. Konstruiuvannia genderu v anhlomovnomu diskursi. Kharkiv: Konstanta. 7. A new pronoun suggested. 1886. Dec. 13. Baltimore Sun. http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/ essays/his_her_1886_Baltimore_Sun.pdf 8. Billions, season 2, series 9, 1:03 9. Britt Caputo B. 2005. Nov. 2. Gender Neutrality Hits Wesleyan. 10. Butler, J. 1990. Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge. 11. Desprez-Bouanchaud A. 1999. Guidelines on Gender-Neutral Language. Unit for the Promotion of the Status of Women and Gender Equality. UNESCO. 12. Dozier J. W. 1884. Sept. 20. A New Pronoun. Atlanta Constitution. http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/ debaron/essays/dozier_ 1885_se.pdf 13. Ehrlich S. 2004. "Language and Gender". The Handbook of Applied Linguistics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 14. Frank F., Anshen F. 1991. Language and the Sexes. State University of New York. 15. Gender Neutral Pronouns: They're Here, Get Used To Them : https://youtu.be/46ehrFk-gLk 2:43, 3:28 16. Leeds J. W. 1888. 30 Mar. "The unsupplied common gender pronoun". The Philadelphia Ledger Telegraph. 17. Maltz, D. & Borker, R. 1982. "A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication". Language and social identity, 196– 216. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 18. Milne A. A. 1942. What's the Good Word? A New Way to Better English, 88 – 90. N.Y.: Simon and Schuster. 19. Safire W. 2003. June 29. "On Language". Houston Chronicle. 20. Shameless, 2011-2017 : https://youtu.be/ssTZtRQmhxY 21. Sherman C. P. 1884. Sept. 6. The Literary World. 22. Soloway J. 2014. October 30. "Funny, Dirty, Sad: The "Holy Trinity" For "Transparent". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php 23. Stoller R. J. 1968. Sex and gender: On the Development of Masculinity and Femininity. New York: Science House 24. "The Bridge", Nov. 2015. series 3, episode 1. 28:17 25. "The Eagle". 1852. Jan. 1. Semi-Weekly. Brattleboro: VT. : http://www.english.illinois.edu/people/faculty/debaron/essays/1852_fish_us_up_one.pdf 26. "The Wesleyan Argus": http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/11/2/gender-neutrality-hits-wesleyan 27. West, C. Zimmerman, D. 1987. Doing gender. Gender and discourse. London: Sage : 1–20 28. White R. G. 1868. Aug. "The Galaxy". : http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pagevieweridx?c =gala;cc=gala;rgn=full%20text;idno=gala0006-2;didno=gala0006-2; view=image; seq=0247; node=gala 29. "Why Pronouns Matter For Trans People" : https://youtu.be/N_yBGQqg7kM 0:20; 1:00; 1:35; 1:43 30. "Why "They" Was Voted the Word of the Year ". Comma Queen : https://youtu.be/CJrIcrHrfM4 0:23 ; У статті зроблено спробу дослідити причини виникнення й особливості функціонування в мовленні певних верст населення англомовної спільноти США гeндерно нейтральних займенників, що не вказують на стать і є етично нейтральними, які мали за мету створення заміни гендерно-маркованим займенникам he та she. Встановлено, що з посиленням феміністичного руху та початком боротьби за права осіб, які належать до сексуальних меншин, з'являються нові гендерно-нейтральні займенники, котрі використовують не лише феміністи, а й представники ЛГБТ спільноти як звернення до людей нетрадиційної орієнтації для підкреслення гендерної варіативності або уникнення вказівки на гендер людини. Традиційний займенник they у значенні однини вживається переважно для того, щоб назвати особу, стать якої не є відомою мовцеві. Нові гендерно нейтральні займенники використовуються для уникнення дискримінації жінок, називання осіб, які мають невизначений гендер і є засобом дотримання політкоректності в сучасній англійській мові. Джерела та література 1. Бессонова О. Л. Оценочные стереотипы в контексте ґендерных исследований / О. Л. Бессонова // Нова філологія. – 2001. – № 1 (10). – С. 41–57 2. Горошко Е. И. Языковое сознание: гендерная парадигма / Е. И. Горошко. – Харьков : Издат. Дом «ИНЖЭК», 2003. – 245 с. 3. Дудоладова О. В. Динамика языковой репрезентации ґендера в английском публицистическом дискурсе (вторая половина XX–начало XXI века) : автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук : 10.02.04 / О. В. Дудоладова. – Харьков, 2003. – 20 с. 4. Емiрсуїнова Г. I. Лексикон сучасного фемiнiзму (на матеріалi англiйської мови) : автореф. дис. … канд. фiлол. наук : спец. 10.02.04 «Германські мови» / Г. І. Емірсуїнова. – К., 2003. – 19 с. 5. Зацний Ю. А. Сучасний англомовний світ і збагачення словникового складу / Ю. А. Зацний. – Львів : ПАІС, 2007. – 226 с. 6. Мартинюк А. П. Конструювання ґендеру в англомовному дискурсі / А. П. Мартинюк. – Харків : Константа, 2004. – 292 с. 7. A new pronoun suggested // Baltimore Sun. –Dec. 13, 1886. – P. 6 [Electronic resource] – Mode of access : http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/his_her_1886_Baltimore_Sun.pdf 8. Billions, сезон 2, серія 9, 1:03 9. Britt Caputo B. Gender Neutrality Hits Wesleyan. – Nov. 2, 2005 10. Butler, J. Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity / J. Butler. – New York : Routledge, 1990. 11. Desprez-Bouanchaud A. Guidelines on Gender-Neutral Language, Unit for the Promotion of the Status of Women and Gender Equality / A. Desprez-Bouanchaud // UNESCO, 1999. – P. 5. 12. Dozier J. W. A New Pronoun / J. W. Dozier. – Atlanta Constitution, Sept. 20,1884. – P. 7 [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/dozier_ 1885_se.pdf 13. Ehrlich S. Language and Gender / S. Ehrlich // The Handbook of Applied Linguistics. – Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004. – P. 866. 14. Frank F. Language and the Sexes / F. Frank, F. Anshen. – State University of New York, 1991. – 217 p. 15. Gender Neutral Pronouns: They're Here, Get Used To Them [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : https://youtu.be/46ehrFk-gLk 2:43, 3:28. 16. Leeds J. W. The unsupplied common gender pronoun / J. W. Leeds // The Philadelphia Ledger. – Telegraph, 30 Mar., 1888. – P. 4. 17. Maltz, D. A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication / D. Maltz, R. Borker // Language and social identity. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1982. – P. 196–216. 18. Milne A. A. What's the Good Word? A New Way to Better English / A. A. Milne. – N. Y. : Simon and Schuster, 1942. – P. 88–90. 19. Safire W. On Language / W. Safire // Houston Chronicle. – 2003. – June 29. – P. 6. 20. Shameless, 2011–2017 [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : https://youtu.be/ssTZtRQmhxY 21. Sherman C. P. The Literary World / C. P. Sherman. – Sept. 6, 1884. – P. 294. 22. Soloway J. Funny, Dirty, Sad: The "Holy Trinity" For "Transparent" / J. Soloway // National Public Radio. – October 30, 2014 [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php 23. Stoller R. J. Sex and gender: On the Development of Masculinity and Femininity / R. J. Stoller. – New York : Science House, 1968. – 426 p. 24. The Bridge, series 3, episode 1. – Nov. 2015 28:17 25. The Eagle // Semi-Weekly. – Brattleboro, VT. – Jan. 1, 1852. – P. 3 [Electronic resource]. –Mode of access : http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people/faculty/debaron/essays/1852_fish_us_up_one.pdf 26. The Wesleyan Argus [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2005/11/2/gender-neutrality-hits-wesleyan-with-the 27. West, C. Doing gender. Gender and discourse / C. West, D. Zimmerman. – London : Sage, 1987. – P. 1–20. 28. White R. G. The Galaxy / R. G. White. – Aug., 1868. – P. 241 [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pagevieweridx?c=gala;cc=gala;rgn=full%20text;idno=gala0006-2; didno=gala0006-2;view=image;seq=0247;node=gala0006-2%3A11 29. Why Pronouns Matter For Trans People [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : https://youtu.be/N_yBGQqg7kM 0:20; 1:00; 1:35; 1:43 30. Why "They" Was Voted the Word of the Year // Comma Queen [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access : https://youtu.be/CJrIcrHrfM4 0:23

The article deals with the main ways of forming eco-neologisms which constitute a significant part of all innovations in modern English. Despite the fact that there is the large number of studies in the field of neology, the problem of the appearance, formation and translation of eco-neologisms needs careful consideration. Formation of a large number of new words in the field of ecology reflects the global exacerbation of environmental problems and the development of the ecological consciousness of people.An array of eco-neologisms (100 lexical units) was obtained in the process of analysis of entries of English dictionaries of neologisms and online dictionaries.The analysis of an array of eco-neologisms shows that they are mainly formed from elements that already exist in the language. The most productive ways of creating innovations in the environmental sphere are affixation (39 %), word-compounding (24 %) and abbreviation (22 %). It was discovered that eco-neologisms are mainly formed with the help of prefixes eco- (eco-porn, eco-anxiety), bio- (biocluster, bioinvasion), re- (rewild, regreen) and myco- (myco-diesel, mycoremediation). The most frequent derivational suffixes are -ation (ecologization), -ist (warmist), -ism (freeganism), -cide (adulticide), and -phobe (chemophobe).In the process of word-compounding the lexeme green is often used (e.g. green accounting, greenlash). Among shortened forms of words and phrases, abbreviations are the most common. The following types of abbreviations were singled out: initialism (CFC – chlorofluorocarbon), acronyms (SEEDS – Social Ecological Economic Development Studies) and mixed (PETA – People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). It was shown that shortened forms of words in the sphere of ecology are characterized by the homophony of the word available in the language and acronymic unit (e.g. NOPE (Not on Planet Earth), GASP (Group Against Smoke and Pollution)). This facilitates recognition of neologism and its entry into vocabulary of the language.With the help of telescoping 12 % of environmental neologisms are built (e.g. pollutician (pollution + politician), freegan (free + vegan)). It was found that the least productive way of forming eco-neologisms is conversion – 3 % of eco-neologisms are formed using this method. References1. Baliuta, Emma. 2006. "Neolohizmy anhliiskoi movy sfery ekolohii (teoretychni zasady)." Visnyk Zhytomyrskoho derzhavnoho universytety imeni I. Franka 27:148–152.2. Gak, Vladimir. 1978. "O sovremennoi frantsuzskoi neolohii." In Novye slova i slovari novykh slov, 37–52. Leningrad: Nauka.3. Zatsnyi, Yurii and Yankov, Anatolii. 2010. Nova rozmovna leksyka i frazeolohiia: Anhlo-ukrainskyi slovnyk. Vinnytsia: Nova knyha.4. Zatsnyi, Yurii. 2007. Suchasnyi anhlomovnyi svit i zbahachennia slovnykovoho skladu. Lviv: PAIS.5. Kechedzhi, Oksana. 2011. "Osoblyvosti tvorennia afiksalnykh neolohizmiv sfery ekolohii u suchasni anhliiskii movi." Uchenye zapisky Tavricheskogo natsyonalnoho universiteta im. V. I. Vernadskogo 24 (63):49–6. Omelchenko, Larysa. 2003. "Teleskopiini slova suchasnoi anhliiskoi movy ta yikh strukturno-semantychna kharakterystyka." Zbirnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Inozemna filolohiia 15:49–52.7. Cambridge Dictionary Online. 2018. "About words – a blog from Cambridge Dictionary." Accessed September 7. http://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/8. Word Spy. 2018. "The World Lover's Guide to New Words." Accessed September 9. Urban Dictionary. 2018. Accessed August 29. http://www.urbandictionary.com/ ; У статті розглянуто основні способи утворення екологічних неологізмів, які складають значну частку усіх інновацій сучасної англійської мови. Незважаючи на велику кількість досліджень у галузі неології, проблема виникнення, формування та перекладу еконеологізмів потребує ретельного аналізу. Утворення великої кількості нових слів у сфері екології відображає глобальне загострення проблем охорони навколишнього середовища та розвиток екологічної свідомості людей.За допомогою суцільної вибірки зі словників неологізмів та онлайн словників англійської мови було отримано масив екологічних неологізмів – 100 лексичних одиниць.Аналіз масиву еконеологізмів показує, що вони переважно утворені з елементів, які вже існують у мові. Найбільш продуктивними способами творення інновацій в екологічній сфері є афіксація (39 %), словоскладання (24 %) та абревіація (22 %). Виявлено, що домінантну позицію займають еконеологізми, утворені за допомогою префіксів eco- (eco-porn, eco-anxiety), bio- (biocluster, bioinvasion), re- (rewild, regreen) та myco- (myco-diesel, mycoremediation). Найчастотнішими суфіксами є -ation (ecologization), -ist (warmist), -ism (freeganism), -cide (adulticide), -phobe (chemophobe). При словоскладанні активно використовуваною є лексема green (green accounting, greenlash). Серед видів скорочень абревіація є найбільш поширеною. Виокремлено такі типи абревіацій: літеральний (CFC – chlorofluorocarbon), звуковий (SEEDS – Social Ecological Economic Development Studies) та змішаний (PETA – People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). Показано, що для екологічних скорочень характерною є омофонія наявного слова й акронімічної одиниці (NOPE (Not on Planet Earth), GASP (Group Against Smoke and Pollution)), що сприяє легшому розпізнаванню неологізму та швидшому входженню його до словникового складу мови. За допомогою телескопії було утворено 12 % екологічних неологізмів (pollutician (pollution + politician), freegan (free + vegan)). Виявлено, що найменш продуктивним способом є конверсія – 3 % еконеологізмів було утворено за допомогою цього способу. Джерела та література 1. Балюта Е. Г. Неологізми англійської мови сфери екології (теоретичні засади) / Е. Г. Балюта // Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені І. Франка. – 2006. – Вип. 27. – С. 148–152. 2. Гак В. Г. О современной французской неологии / В. Г. Гак // Новые слова и словари новых слов. – Л. : Наука, 1978. – С. 37–52.3. Зацний Ю. А. Нова розмовна лексика і фразеологія : англо-український словник / Ю. А. Зацний, А. В. Янков. – Вінниця : Нова книга, 2010. – 294 с.4. Зацний Ю. А. Сучасний англомовний світ і збагачення словникового складу / Ю. А. Зацний. – Львів : ПАІС, 2007. – 228 с.5. Кечеджі О. В. Особливості творення афіксальних неологізмів сфери екології у сучасні англійській мові / О. В. Кечерджі // Ученые записки Таврического национального университета им. В. И. Вернадского. – 2011. – № 24 (63). – С. 49–55.6. Омельченко Л. Ф. Телескопійні слова сучасної англійської мови та їх структурно-семантична характеристика / Л. Ф. Омельченко // Збірник Львівського університету. Іноземна філологія. – Львів, 2003. – Вип. 15. – С. 49–52.7. About words – a blog from Cambridge Dictionary [Електронний ресурс] // Cambridge Dictionary Online. – Режим доступу : http://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/8. The World Lover's Guide to New Words [Електронний ресурс] // Word Spy. – Режим доступу : http://www.wordspy.com/9. Urban Dictionary [Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу : http://www.urbandictionary.com/

Introduction. The article is devoted to word formation in the official business style of the English language. The article gives a classification of word formation methods. The lexical, morphological and syntactic ways of forming words in this style are analyzed sequentially. Specific methods of word formation for each of the sub-styles of the official business style are indicated.Purpose of the article is to disclose and analyze peculiarities official business style of modern English.Methods of the analysis, synthesis and abstraction are used in the article.Results. Morphological way of word formation (by means of affixes, formation of complex words, conversion and abbreviations), as a whole, is characteristic of the English language. Here, both productive and unproductive affixes are noted. In English, conversion is the most common way. The study of word-formation models in the vocabulary of the official business style reveals the direction of development of the language in this field.Originality. The process of verbalization is especially noted here. In the lexical-semantic method, terms formed by the method of constriction, expansion and metonymic transfer of the basic value are analyzed. In addition, the processes of terminology, determinologization and interrogation are considered. It is noted that most of the terms used in legal terminology are borrowed.Conclusion. The new vocabulary of the official business style of the English language is formed in various ways: lexical, morphological and syntactic. With the lexical method, conversion, in particular verbalization, is particularly productive. In the legal and military sub-styles the lexical-semantic method is represented by the narrowing and widening of the basic meaning of words. A number of military terms were transferred to the administrative sub-style, in particular, in the area of business. Insofar as legal, diplomatic, and military sub-styles are more susceptible to social change, they can be traced to a large number of borrowings. English vocabulary of official business style can be formed by suffixing, prefixing and prefixing-suffixing ways (morphological method). The syntactic method by which complex words are formed includes various models. In most cases, the noun is assumed to be an indispensable component of these models.

The article studies the functioning of English phraseological units with a coloristic component in media texts. Media-linguistics is one of the actual topics for linguistic researches as the media has quickly penetrated into all spheres of our lives and today it is difficult for us to imagine our everyday life without television, radio, magazines, newspapers and the Internet. The purpose of the article is to dwell on the peculiarities of the usage of idioms with a coloristic component in English media texts that have captured our attention today. The subject of the study is English phraseological units with a coloristic component. The article highlights the terms "phraseology", "phraseological unit" "and idiom", and presents different views on the definition of these concepts. The article outlines the basic features of these concepts and represents various definitions offered by scientists. In the article the term "color naming" is also mentioned as well as the concepts of «media linguistics» and "media text". The article focuses on the first group of media texts, i.e. the news that have the most informative function. Examples of the usage of phraseological units with a coloristic component in the publications of the British online edition of the BBC and the American news source CNN were given. Publications from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to study modern English and current phraseological units, which made it possible to trace the most popular phraseological units with a coloristic component in British and American English. The article deals with the usage of idioms that include six color names (black, white, red, yellow, green, and blue). Such idioms were found in media texts of various subjects. First of all, political, economic and sports publications on the BBC and CNN were examined. The article describes the meaning of each idiom in terms of its usage in the context of media text, taking into account the possible positive and negative connotations.

The article studies the functioning of English phraseological units with a coloristic component in media texts. Media-linguistics is one of the actual topics for linguistic researches as the media has quickly penetrated into all spheres of our lives and today it is difficult for us to imagine our everyday life without television, radio, magazines, newspapers and the Internet. The purpose of the article is to dwell on the peculiarities of the usage of idioms with a coloristic component in English media texts that have captured our attention today. The subject of the study is English phraseological units with a coloristic component. The article highlights the terms "phraseology", "phraseological unit" "and idiom", and presents different views on the definition of these concepts. The article outlines the basic features of these concepts and represents various definitions offered by scientists. In the article the term "color naming" is also mentioned as well as the concepts of «media linguistics» and "media text". The article focuses on the first group of media texts, i.e. the news that have the most informative function. Examples of the usage of phraseological units with a coloristic component in the publications of the British online edition of the BBC and the American news source CNN were given. Publications from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to study modern English and current phraseological units, which made it possible to trace the most popular phraseological units with a coloristic component in British and American English. The article deals with the usage of idioms that include six color names (black, white, red, yellow, green, and blue). Such idioms were found in media texts of various subjects. First of all, political, economic and sports publications on the BBC and CNN were examined. The article describes the meaning of each idiom in terms of its usage in the context of media text, taking into account the possible positive and negative connotations.

The article studies the functioning of English phraseological units with a coloristic component in media texts. Media-linguistics is one of the actual topics for linguistic researches as the media has quickly penetrated into all spheres of our lives and today it is difficult for us to imagine our everyday life without television, radio, magazines, newspapers and the Internet. The purpose of the article is to dwell on the peculiarities of the usage of idioms with a coloristic component in English media texts that have captured our attention today. The subject of the study is English phraseological units with a coloristic component. The article highlights the terms "phraseology", "phraseological unit" "and idiom", and presents different views on the definition of these concepts. The article outlines the basic features of these concepts and represents various definitions offered by scientists. In the article the term "color naming" is also mentioned as well as the concepts of «media linguistics» and "media text". The article focuses on the first group of media texts, i.e. the news that have the most informative function. Examples of the usage of phraseological units with a coloristic component in the publications of the British online edition of the BBC and the American news source CNN were given. Publications from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to study modern English and current phraseological units, which made it possible to trace the most popular phraseological units with a coloristic component in British and American English. The article deals with the usage of idioms that include six color names (black, white, red, yellow, green, and blue). Such idioms were found in media texts of various subjects. First of all, political, economic and sports publications on the BBC and CNN were examined. The article describes the meaning of each idiom in terms of its usage in the context of media text, taking into account the possible positive and negative connotations.

У статті розглядаються антропоморфні метафори в англійському політичному дискурсі. Мета дослідження полягає у вивченні того, як політичні метафори представляють концепт ЄВРОПА в цьому типі дискурсу. За методологічну базу дослідження взято теорію концептуальної метафори Дж. Лакоффа й М. Джонсона. Проведений аналіз дозволив виокремити деякі семантичні особливості концепта ЄВРОПА. Фізичні, ментальні та соціальні аспекти людини складають особливість метафоричної моделі ЄВРОПА Є ЛЮДИНА. Було з'ясовано, що в значній кількості цих метафор представлена ідея концептуальної єдності. Зроблено загальний висновок про те, що метафора персоніфікації є важливим засобом створення нової ідеології європейської інтеграції, котра формується всередині ЄС. ; The article deals with the anthropomorphic metaphors in English political discourse. The aim of the study is to examine how political metaphors represent the concept EUROPE in this discourse. Such a research is carried out with the help of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson conceptual metaphor theory. This article reports the results of not explicate meanings in studied texts. The analysis allowed to reveal some semantic features of the concept of Europe. PHYSICAL, MENTAL and SOCIAL dimensions of a PERSON constitute the peculiarity of metaphorical model EUROPE IS A PERSON. A significant number of these metaphors presented the idea of concept unity were revealed. The general conclusion was made that the personification metaphor is an important means of creating a new ideology of European integration, which is formed inside the EU. The article is of great help to cognitive study of political discourse. This may be of particular relevance in research of the types of metaphorical models in political discourse.

У статті розглядаються антропоморфні метафори в англійському політичному дискурсі. Мета дослідження полягає у вивченні того, як політичні метафори представляють концепт ЄВРОПА в цьому типі дискурсу. За методологічну базу дослідження взято теорію концептуальної метафори Дж. Лакоффа й М. Джонсона. Проведений аналіз дозволив виокремити деякі семантичні особливості концепта ЄВРОПА. Фізичні, ментальні та соціальні аспекти людини складають особливість метафоричної моделі ЄВРОПА Є ЛЮДИНА. Було з'ясовано, що в значній кількості цих метафор представлена ідея концептуальної єдності. Зроблено загальний висновок про те, що метафора персоніфікації є важливим засобом створення нової ідеології європейської інтеграції, котра формується всередині ЄС. ; The article deals with the anthropomorphic metaphors in English political discourse. The aim of the study is to examine how political metaphors represent the concept EUROPE in this discourse. Such a research is carried out with the help of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson conceptual metaphor theory. This article reports the results of not explicate meanings in studied texts. The analysis allowed to reveal some semantic features of the concept of Europe. PHYSICAL, MENTAL and SOCIAL dimensions of a PERSON constitute the peculiarity of metaphorical model EUROPE IS A PERSON. A significant number of these metaphors presented the idea of concept unity were revealed. The general conclusion was made that the personification metaphor is an important means of creating a new ideology of European integration, which is formed inside the EU. The article is of great help to cognitive study of political discourse. This may be of particular relevance in research of the types of metaphorical models in political discourse.