Suchergebnisse

Long-run economic growth in Turkey : sources, pitfalls, and prospects / M. Aykut Attar -- Puzzling out the feldstein-horioka paradox for Turkey by a time-varying parameter approach / Dilem Yildirim and Onur A. Koska -- Regional dynamics and outlook -- The effects of economics incentive packages on regional labor market in Turkey / Mehmet Zanbak and M. Çaglar Özdemir -- Determining priority regions to nurture economic development : a critical approach / Dilek Basar, Selcen Öztürk and Kübra Cosar -- Analyzing socio-economic drivers of urban growth in Turkey / Ümit K. Seyfettinoglu and Büsra Akin -- Impacts of inter-regional and international trade on regional per capita income gap in Turkey / Zafer Baris Gül and Selim Çagatay -- Gender-growth nexus -- Female labor force participation, inequality and growth : gains from closing the gender gap in participation for Turkish economy / Günes A. Asik -- Analyzing the dilemma between part-time working hours and economic growth in Turkey from a gender perspective / Derya Güler Aydin and Ahu Sumbas -- Firm-level dynamics -- Catching-up with the technology frontier : micro-level evidence on innovation and growth dynamics / Basak Dalgiç and Burcu Fazlioglu -- Firm growth dynamics and employment generation in Turkish manufacturing / Ünal Töngür and Erol Taymaz -- Import dependency in Turkey : an input-output analysis based on firm level data / Sevinç Mihci and Nasip Bolatoglu -- Environment-energy-growth nexus -- A sectoral analysis of CO2 emissions : can Turkey achieve a low-carbon growth path? / Onur Yeni -- Environmental kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Turkey : the role of energy / G. Kaya, Ö. Kayalica, B. Ulengin, M. Kumas

This volume addresses the dynamics of sustainable development in the healthcare industry, covering all major aspects, including RD, manufacturing, regulation, market access, commercialization, and general management. Healthcare markets are evolving under demographic and economic pressures. In mature markets, patients navigate complex systems with limited control on healthcare quality and outcomes, while in developing markets, patients have limited awareness, access, and ability to pay for healthcare. The industry needs to identify which business targets are genuinely attractive for major or new investments. At the same time, development of new products and services must be tackled within the context of environmental sustainability. Rather than focusing on the traditional issues of innovation, cost management, and commercial effectiveness associated with growth, the authors explore such emerging topics as:The mutations of innovation managementThe need to foster patient-centricity along the entire value chain of the healthcare industry and company-wideIssues related to improving healthcare access and disease managementThe allocation of educational resources focused on the patient to increase the effectiveness of disease managementThe preservation of natural resources and the environmental effect of pollution and hazards created by the handling of pharmaceutical productsIssues related to the size of medical need and/or market demandThe private-public partnerships necessary to address the full spectrum of public health issues, from basic patient access to care to managing global health crisesThe required organizational and governance evolutions for the healthcare industry to maintain profitability and sustainable growth. Featuring contributions from leading academics and industry insiders with emphasis on environmental, economically, and socially sustainable practices, the authors present a unique, multi-faceted set of perspectives on this vital and rapidly evolving field. Pierre A. Morgonis Chief Marketing Officer and member of the Executive Committee at Cegedim. He is also Non-Executive Director to the Board of Theradiag since March 2012, a company focusing on in vitro diagnostics in auto-immunity, infectious diseases and allergy, as well as Non-Executive Director to the Board of Eurocine Vaccines since December 2013, a company dedicated to developing nasal vaccines.He holds a Doctorate of Pharmacy from Lyon University, France, a Master in Business Law from the Lyon Law School and a MBA from ESSEC, France. He is also an alumnus of INSEAD, IMD and MCE executive programs.Pierre has over 26 years of experience in the pharmaceutical and biological industry, both in marketing positions (from product marketing at country level to global marketing strategy) and in operations (from business unit head to general manager). Through these local and global positions, he has acquired direct experience with blockbuster products in diverse markets (primary care, specialty care, hospital, vaccines, and biotechnology), geographies (US, Europe, Japan, China, India, Emerging Markets) and organizations.He spent 2 years at ICI-Pharma, followed by 8 years at Synthelabo, then a division of L'Oreal. He joined Aventis Pasteur in 1998, then he had diversified experiences in operations at Yamanouchi Pharma, BMS, Drug Abuse Sciences, Schering-Plough and Bio Alliance Pharma. He joined Cegedim from Sanofi Pasteur where he was Vice President, Franchise Global Marketing Strategy and member of the Executive Committee.

Recently, people are more aware of the horrible consequences of environmental threats. Therefore, surviving in an increasingly dangerous environment has become a priority. One can it explore in various aspects, among others from the point of view of faith, believing and mistrust. This is what environmental philosophers should deal with. In the article, the author, the founder of social sozophilosophy, presents his reflections on the role of faith in saving the environment from a rapidly progressing destroying, which, if not be stopped or at least limited, will inevitably lead to the collapse of the human species. Degradation of the environment is not the only cause of the end of humanity. There are several other causes: world war, the use of weapons of mass destruction, collisions with celestial bodies, pandemics, lack of drinking water, global warming etc. The author understands faith in a broad sense2 - in religious dimension as faith in God as well as in the secular dimension as trust in people. In faith, he sees one of the important factors, which could help to the survival of humanity in the conditions of unrestrained degradation of the natural, social and spiritual environment, powered by the system of "inhuman capitalism". (Francis 2017) This system has lead to the depreciation of faith and mutual trusting. He sees a possible way out of this terrible situation in the development of re-evaluation of religious faith, the restitution of mutual trust and the implementation of the sozology of faith. Finding a way to stop further degradation of environment and thus to ensure the survival of our species has become an urgent challenge for the present and the next generation. One says they are to be the last ones that can yet effectively act to protect the environment and extend human existence on Earth. Otherwise, irresponsible and unsustainable development of knowledge, technology and economy will accelerate the decline of the humankind. In the introduction, the role of faith in the life and functioning of individuals and communities is indicated. The first chapter contains comments on the concept of faith and the change of its manifestations because of biological and social co-evolution. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of the state of the environment, mainly social and spiritual, because ecologists are much more interested in the state of the natural environment. The third chapter concerns the ecology of faith and the sozology of faith. The author justifies the need to undertake more intensive research and activities to protect faith in the religious and secular dimension. Above all, he calls upon religious economic and political decision-makers to be guided by religious and church dictates in making their decisions concerned the environment. In the final reflection, he emphasizes the importance of faith and its potential in preventing violations of the social order and spoiling the homeostasis of social mechanisms. The point is to stop the development of a civilization of hypocrisy, lies and distrust. Religious faith must be appreciated and confidence in other people and institutions restored as they help people survive in times of environmental disasters, armed conflicts, economic crises, neoslavery and pandemics.

In this thesis, several sedimentological archives from Altai Tavan Bogd National Park are studied to reconstruct the vegetation-, fire-, climate- and human history of the forest-steppe biome in the Mongolian Altai. The research is carried out to improve the understanding of the dynamics and variability of this sensitive ecosystem and its unique biodiversity. Previous palynological or palaeoecological work from the Mongolian Altai is sparse, yet important for an implementation of sustainable land use as well as protection and management of the species-rich vegetation in the Altai region. The main goals of this research are to reconstruct past vegetation and to investigate the role and extent of climate, fire and anthropogenic impact on environmental change. A multi-site approach of five environmental archives (lacustrine and peat) from different locations and elevations within the forest-steppe biome (below, within and above the forest belt) is applied to obtain as much information as possible. Multi-proxy analyses including palynological and sedimentological proxies (pollen, NPPs, charcoal, diatoms and XRF-scanning) were used on the radiocarbon dated sediment archives. During the mid- and the beginning of the late Holocene (4,300 to 1,000 (2,000) cal yr BP) the vegetation in the area was characterized by open coniferous forest and high-mountain steppe indicating rather warm and humid conditions. In the further course of the late Holocene, steppe communities expanded noticeably favoring a colder and more arid climate. During the last approx. 70 years an increase in tree and shrub vegetation indicates a warming climate and a higher availability of water due to permafrost and glacier degradation in the high mountains. Regarding the human history in the Mongolian Altai, the period from 2,000 to 1,000 cal yr BP represents a transition phase from hunters and gatherers to a nomadic herding lifestyle. Coprophilous fungi reconstructions show that grazing intensified around 1,000 cal yr BP, possibly also favoring the expansion of steppe. High-resolution data show that changes in human occupation due to political shifts and changing Mongolian settlements had an impact on the vegetation in the area, especially during Mongol Empire (744 to 582 cal yr BP). Regardless of specific settlement periods, short-term changes in climatic conditions favored shifts in grazing activities. In the Mongolian Altai, fires play a tangential role. However, at around 1,000 cal yr BP the fire frequency increased in accord with growing anthropogenic impact and climate aridity. An episode of low fire activity persists since around 150 cal yr BP. Major local variances occurred regarding the time frame and extent of steppe expansion and grazing activities in the soil archive within the forest belt and with respect to the fire frequency in the peat archive above the upper forest line. The applied multi-proxy approach highlights the value of the reconstruction of several independent proxies to examine various aspects of an ecosystem in the same archive, despite of that the interpretation of results is challenging. Additionally, the multi-site study offers the best possibility to distinguish between local environmental signals and regional trends.

A holistic vision of the term sustainability includes economic, social, environmental, and political-cultural aspects of reality. This study focuses on the environmental process in the relationship between humans and technology utilization. The SEMARNAT, in 2017, mentions the need to have citizenship possessing skills to face those challenges and find solutions to the existence of environmental degradation, among many other problems. This research study has an exploratory, quantitative-experimental and factorial design, whereby common laptop computer equipment among the student population is identified. The equipment was intentionally manipulated, exposing it to certain usage tests while using a conventional thermometer to observe the consequences of such manipulations. Basically, the effects on the performance of portable computer equipment were analyzed based on the ambient temperature, work area surface, and turning-on time of every equipment. All this was done with the purpose of contributing to the habits of proper computer use and, thereby, also contributing to extending the life of the equipment and eventual reduction of electronic waste. The findings clearly show that equipment-related habits contribute, in a positive (or negative) way, to the planet´s pollution since the increase in lap-top computer equipment usage is undeniable. The study concludes with usage-related recommendations to promote good habits. Planning and awareness in the manipulation of laptops is the recommendations´ departing point. On the whole, the study provides evidence that it is possible to contribute to sustainability from the area of computer technologies. ; La visión holística del término sustentabilidad incluye la realidad económica, social, ambiental y político-cultural. Este estudio se limita al proceso ambiental en la relación del ser humano con el uso de la tecnología. La SEMARNAT, en el 2017, menciona la necesidad de lograr una ciudadanía que tenga las competencias para enfrentar estos retos y encontrar soluciones ante la existencia de degradación ambiental, entre muchos otros problemas. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque exploratorio, cuantitativo-experimental y factorial, donde a partir de identificar computadoras portátiles más comunes entre la población estudiantil, se manipulan de manera intencional, exponiéndolas a ciertas pruebas de uso con la medición de un termómetro convencional para después observar las consecuencias. Básicamente, se analizan los efectos en el desempeño de un equipo de cómputo portátil con base en la temperatura ambiente, superficie del área de trabajo y tiempo de encendido del equipo, con la finalidad de dar aportaciones en los hábitos de uso adecuado y con ello contribuir en alargar la vida útil de los equipos que conlleve a la reducción de desechos electrónicos. Los hallazgos encontrados muestran que los hábitos en el uso de estos equipos abonan de una manera positiva (o negativa) a la contaminación del planeta, toda vez que es innegable el aumento en la adquisión de estos. Se concluye con recomendaciones de uso con la finalidad de propiciar buenos hábitos a partir de la planeación y consciencia en la manipulación de computadoras portátiles y, con ello, dejar como evidencia que es posible contribuir con la sustentabilidad desde el área de las tecnologías de cómputo.

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM ; Participatory scenario planning (PSP) is an increasingly popular tool in place-based environmental research for evaluating alternative futures of social-ecological systems. Although a range of guidelines on PSP methods are available in the scientific and grey literature, there is a need to reflect on existing practices and their appropriate application for different objectives and contexts at the local scale, as well as on their potential perceived outcomes. We contribute to theoretical and empirical frameworks by analyzing how and why researchers assess social-ecological systems using place-based PSP, hence facilitating the appropriate uptake of such scenario tools in the future. We analyzed 23 PSP case studies conducted by the authors in a wide range of social-ecological settings by exploring seven aspects: (1) the context; (2) the original motivations and objectives; (3) the methodological approach; (4) the process; (5) the content of the scenarios; (6) the outputs of the research; and (7) the monitoring and evaluation of the PSP process. This was complemented by a reflection on strengths and weaknesses of using PSP for the place-based social-ecological research. We conclude that the application of PSP, particularly when tailored to shared objectives between local people and researchers, has enriched environmental management and scientific research through building common understanding and fostering learning about future planning of social-ecological systems. However, PSP still requires greater systematic monitoring and evaluation to assess its impact on the promotion of collective action for transitions to sustainability and the adaptation to global environmental change and its challenges ; Funding for the case studies was provided by: the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the University of Saskatchewan, the German Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ 01UU0904AD), the European Commission 7th Framework Program (projects HERCULES grant agreement 603447, COMET-LA grant agreement 282845, COMBIOSERVE grant agreement 282899 and COBRA grant agreement 249667), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the Rural Economy and Land Use Program (project RES-224-25-0088), the Australian Department of Environment, the Australian Government's Natural Resource Management (NRM), Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Research Program, the Wet Tropics Cluster NRM Groups, the Reef Catchments NRM, the Terrain NRM, the DFATCSIRO Research for Development Alliance, the Spanish Ministry for the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs (projects 079/ RN08/02.1 and 018/2009), the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CGL2011-30266), the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development, a Sofja- Kovalevskaja Award granted by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the U.S. National Science Foundation, a David Smith Fellowship, the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme (project NE/I00324X/1), the Bonnechere River Watershed Project, The Ontario Trillium Foundation, the World Wildlife Fund-Spain, the Autonomous Organization of National Parks (Spain), and the Ministry of Education for a University Teacher Training fellowship

Large size infrastructure projects, such as airport, rail and road extensions, are particularly likely to encounter frequent citizens´ protests. The experience with the enhancements of the Stuttgart train station is an especially relevant example, since it has motivated the economic stakeholders, as well as the German federal and regional legislators and administrations, to rethink the project. In this case, which has become known as "Stuttgart 21", massive resistance only materialized after the planning approval procedure. As a consequence, the "Law for broadening the public participation and for the standardization of the procedures for determining sectorial plans" was introduced in the German legislature in 2012. Among other elements in this law, public participation is now required prior to the formal opening of the procedure for planning and approval of sectorial plans, as described in Article 25, paragraph 3, of the Administrative Procedure Code. In 2013, the Association of German Engineers developed standards governing the communication and public participation in planning and building infrastructure projects. These standards are directed at project sponsors, general and specialist design contractors, project managers, executing companies and their officials. In the same year, regional governments produced binding administrative provisions to intensify public participation in the planning and licensing procedures of large infrastructure projects. These standards and administrative provisions establish several mandatory steps and procedures within the regional planning and approval processes: these mandatory steps include scoping the previous and present participation of the public and their interaction, both at formal and informal levels, conducting an official investigation to show just cause for the project, establishing internet access to the project allowing for on‐line search of the detailed plans by the public, a requirement to request and enable public participation periodically as the planning process develops, and a need to re‐ evaluate these new rules as appropriate. Similar rules have been introduced since the 1980's by the European Union to advance and implement environmental protection. The main objective of these mandatory steps is a more efficient harmonization of the different interests involved in spatial planning. In order to establish a more solid foundation for a critical analysis of several of the elements in these rules, this paper discusses the essential factors impacting these types of plans, the skills required in their preparation, the strategies leading to acceptance of those plans, and the possible dynamics affecting their implementation. Nevertheless, these legal, administrative and private rules have come under some criticism, as listed below: ‐ several basic aspects of these rules are not sufficiently focused on the associated extra‐legal problems that they raise; ‐ some elements are voluntary rather than mandatory, while others are not precisely defined so as not to scare away potential investors; 19 ‐ while aiming at achieving more efficiency, several new obligations limit, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, the holding of successive stages of public participation, partly due to a clause that excludes the discussion of public rights which have not been presented during prior public participation; ‐ concerning environmental protection interests, the obligations of evaluation and participation focus only on the processes themselves, but do not aim at avoiding any resulting environmental harm.

Food waste issue is not only concerned in Hong Kong, but for the worldwide in recent years. Landfilling is the major method treating large amount of food waste by the government in Hong Kong, and only small amount of food waste would be upcycled by the government's pilot composting plant and the private food waste upcycling companies. This management system on food waste is not sustainable which would lead to different social and environmental problems. Several plans are conducted by the government on dealing with food waste; the most frequently heard project is the project of Organic Waste Treatment Facilities (OWTFs), which is aimed to build five to six OWTFs between 2014 and2024. Besides the government's efforts on food waste issue, food backs, researches and upcycling food waste by the private parties are observed. Therefore, develop a sustainable food waste management in Hong Kong especially on upcycling would be the best choice to reduce food waste as well as to solve the landfill exhausting problem. The final aims of this study is to confirm the most suitable sustainable food waste management framework for Hong Kong and to develop a set of recommendations on food waste upcycling for stakeholders involved. This is achieved by reviewing related literature and international best practice; developing an universal sustainable food waste management framework; understanding the current situation in Hong Kong and identifying key issues through literature review and first hand data / information collections. Online survey and interviews are conducted. 174 people completed the online survey and 29 interviews are conducted on upcycling businesses, catering sectors, actual customers of those upcycling products and NGOs. 6 factors are recognized and discussed under the 4 – steps food waste upcycling process framework, which causing the differences in management options and outcomes: 1. Late starting point; 2. Low variety of food wastes management methods; 3. Concerns; 4. Availability of food waste industry and market; 5.Lack of promotions and 6. Lack of education and resources. "Research and Development on Upcycling Food Waste Fund" is suggested for researching and developing new value –added upcycled products, subsidies and incentives are also suggested to maintain the competitiveness of upcycled products and develop an upcycling market in Hong Kong. Internet promotions and interactions are highly recommended on promotion, consultation and education aspects. The recent campaign –Food Wise Hong Kong is a good example for food waste management and it should be kept and further focused on food donation, and finally to promote food waste separation. The proposed food waste management plans and projects are also reviewed, collecting food waste from catering sector would be a better method at the beginning. Quantity-based charging scheme that charge by rubbish bags is suggested, facilities in the current waste station are needed to improve. An amended food waste management framework for current Hong Kong is constructed at last, hoping that can lead to sustainable development. ; published_or_final_version ; Environmental Management ; Master ; Master of Science in Environmental Management

In this paper we focus on urban growth dynamics of Eastern European cities and regions in the past and in the new Europe. This work is a part of on-going research in the field of urban and regional development, carried out in Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission. Eastern European cities experienced similar and very turbulent historical and political development during 20th century. The policies during the communist period with planned economy has clearly reflected in the land use pattern development, e.g. the absence of large suburbs and underdeveloped transport networks around cities. In contrast to other European cities, no or very few commercial zones and commercial centres were built in suburban areas. In addition, satellite cities were built only on a limited scale. With the collapse of communist regimes cities and regions in Eastern Europe have entered into a new phase of urbanisation, which changes dramatically land use patterns. The liberalization of economy and the membership of the EU has led to the growing involvement to the European market and EU development schemes (e.g. TEN/T, ERDF, etc.). In spite of the expected decrease of population in the new EU countries the average gross domestic product is projected to triple and the number of households per capita is projected to double between 2000 and 2030 (EEA, 2005¬/4). Among the consequences of socio-economic development the continuous growth of urban areas can be foreseen. What shapes urban sprawl will take and will it cause new threads to sustainability remains to be seen. In this paper we focus on two study cases (1) the Dresden – Prague transport corridor in Germany and in the Czech Republic (Barredo et al, 2005) and (2) the Harjumaa region and the city of Tallinn in Estonia. The objective of this work is to test the impact of diverse economic development trends on urbanisation processes. Several development scenarios are produced in order to model the spatial pattern of urban land use. The MOLAND urban and regional growth simulation model (Lavalle et al, 2004), based on "cellular automata" (CA), is a key instrument in the forecasting land use development. The model operates at two levels. At the micro- level, the CA-based model determines the fate of individual land use cells based on the type of the activities in their neighbourhood. At the macro- level, various additional factors such as overall land use demand, effects of the transportation network as well as legislative, environmental and institutional characteristics (e.g. environmental protection, zoning) constrain the behaviour of the CA-model. This approach allowed us to integrate "physical", environmental, socio-economic development as well as institutional aspect of territorial development. The scenarios offer a useful approach to analysing and understanding urban land use dynamics and can also serve for landscape management at the local and regional scales, complementing existing policies and programmes. In both study cases we evaluate the impact newly developed motorways' supported by EU Structural Funds. Very important feature of Dresden-Prague corridor is the extreme flood events in 2002. The increasing vulnerability to natural hazards due to rapid urban development in flood-prone area is also discussed in the paper.

"Embodying Ecological Heritage in a Maya Community is a rich ethnography detailing how ecological heritage practices are central to life and health in a Maya community. It clearly illuminates the more nuanced effects of development processes, including land rights, healthcare access, and education access"--Provided by publisher

Summary

Paper 1: San Francisco Peak: a plea to protect. This is a study done for the Plateau Sciences Society. It lists names of people (residing in the eastern part of Navajo-land) and their personal opinions. It gives an account on the importance the mountain ha

Paper 1: San Francisco Peak: a plea to protect. This is a study done for the Plateau Sciences Society. It lists names of people (residing in the eastern part of Navajo-land) and their personal opinions. It gives an account on the importance the mountain ha

Paper 1: San Francisco Peak: a plea to protect. This is a study done for the Plateau Sciences Society. It lists names of people (residing in the eastern part of Navajo-land) and their personal opinions. It gives an account on the importance the mountain ha

Paper 1: San Francisco Peak: a plea to protect. This is a study done for the Plateau Sciences Society. It lists names of people (residing in the eastern part of Navajo-land) and their personal opinions. It gives an account on the importance the mountain ha