This article focuses on formation of environmental policy in different periods in Lithuania. The purpose of the article is to analyze main steps of development environmental policy. Some researchers keep opinion that the beginning of environmental policy started in the interwar period. Meanwhile more environmental specialists are following position that in this period had been not founded any specialized environmental institution and the roots of environmental policy cannot be in the interwar years. Actually development of environmental policy started after Second World War in the soviet period when Nature Conservation Act has been adopted and State Nature Protection Committee, and some environmental protection agencies had been founded. The beginning of modern environmental policy started in the beginning of re – establishing of the Independent Republic when Sate Environmental Protection Department has been founded and Environmental Protection Act has been adopted. The adoption of the State Environmental Protection Strategy and the National Environmental Protection Strategy are main current strategic instruments to develop modern environmental policy in Lithuania.
This article focuses on formation of environmental policy in different periods in Lithuania. The purpose of the article is to analyze main steps of development environmental policy. Some researchers keep opinion that the beginning of environmental policy started in the interwar period. Meanwhile more environmental specialists are following position that in this period had been not founded any specialized environmental institution and the roots of environmental policy cannot be in the interwar years. Actually development of environmental policy started after Second World War in the soviet period when Nature Conservation Act has been adopted and State Nature Protection Committee, and some environmental protection agencies had been founded. The beginning of modern environmental policy started in the beginning of re – establishing of the Independent Republic when Sate Environmental Protection Department has been founded and Environmental Protection Act has been adopted. The adoption of the State Environmental Protection Strategy and the National Environmental Protection Strategy are main current strategic instruments to develop modern environmental policy in Lithuania.
The limits of competency, responsibilities and authorities of institutions are duplicated. Interest groups had an exceptional role in the development of environmental policy and governance by applying pressure due to actual questions on environmental quality.
The limits of competency, responsibilities and authorities of institutions are duplicated. Interest groups had an exceptional role in the development of environmental policy and governance by applying pressure due to actual questions on environmental quality.
Environmental protection - one of the most pressing topics in recent years. The paper analyzes the environmental policy-making and implementation in Lithuania, with regard to EU environemntal policy; environmental legal framework and institutions as well the main actors in environemtnal policy implementation. Attention to the public participation in environmental policy decision-making and implementation is paid. Public awareness problem and pasiveness is persistent in Lithuania, therefore public attitudes towards environmental policy formulation and implementation are of importance. The aim of the work - to assess residents' awareness of environmental issues, and to investigate their attitudes towards environmental policy making, implementation and public participation in decision-making. Conducted a survey reveal, that most of the environmental information is obtained from the Internet (45%), from television and radio (23%), periodicals (14%). 64% respondents state that information to the public about the environment is not suficient. As the most important environmental problem respondents identified – waste sorting (43%). The majority of respondents (71%) think, that one of the most efficient solution to environment problems is to increase fees and fines for polluters. The majority of the population interviewed (32%) as a key obstacle to implementation of the environmnetal policy named the indifference of society, 41% of respondents say that the environmental policy in general does not guarantee a clean and safe environment. 83% of the respondents believe that the responsible authorities should take into account public opinion then formulating legislation. Though the public is interested in environmental issues (39%), but 51% of the respondents do not consider that their personal contribution to environmental protection is significant.
Environmental protection - one of the most pressing topics in recent years. The paper analyzes the environmental policy-making and implementation in Lithuania, with regard to EU environemntal policy; environmental legal framework and institutions as well the main actors in environemtnal policy implementation. Attention to the public participation in environmental policy decision-making and implementation is paid. Public awareness problem and pasiveness is persistent in Lithuania, therefore public attitudes towards environmental policy formulation and implementation are of importance. The aim of the work - to assess residents' awareness of environmental issues, and to investigate their attitudes towards environmental policy making, implementation and public participation in decision-making. Conducted a survey reveal, that most of the environmental information is obtained from the Internet (45%), from television and radio (23%), periodicals (14%). 64% respondents state that information to the public about the environment is not suficient. As the most important environmental problem respondents identified – waste sorting (43%). The majority of respondents (71%) think, that one of the most efficient solution to environment problems is to increase fees and fines for polluters. The majority of the population interviewed (32%) as a key obstacle to implementation of the environmnetal policy named the indifference of society, 41% of respondents say that the environmental policy in general does not guarantee a clean and safe environment. 83% of the respondents believe that the responsible authorities should take into account public opinion then formulating legislation. Though the public is interested in environmental issues (39%), but 51% of the respondents do not consider that their personal contribution to environmental protection is significant.
Environmental protection - one of the most pressing topics in recent years. The paper analyzes the environmental policy-making and implementation in Lithuania, with regard to EU environemntal policy; environmental legal framework and institutions as well the main actors in environemtnal policy implementation. Attention to the public participation in environmental policy decision-making and implementation is paid. Public awareness problem and pasiveness is persistent in Lithuania, therefore public attitudes towards environmental policy formulation and implementation are of importance. The aim of the work - to assess residents' awareness of environmental issues, and to investigate their attitudes towards environmental policy making, implementation and public participation in decision-making. Conducted a survey reveal, that most of the environmental information is obtained from the Internet (45%), from television and radio (23%), periodicals (14%). 64% respondents state that information to the public about the environment is not suficient. As the most important environmental problem respondents identified – waste sorting (43%). The majority of respondents (71%) think, that one of the most efficient solution to environment problems is to increase fees and fines for polluters. The majority of the population interviewed (32%) as a key obstacle to implementation of the environmnetal policy named the indifference of society, 41% of respondents say that the environmental policy in general does not guarantee a clean and safe environment. 83% of the respondents believe that the responsible authorities should take into account public opinion then formulating legislation. Though the public is interested in environmental issues (39%), but 51% of the respondents do not consider that their personal contribution to environmental protection is significant.
This master thesis offers an in-depth analysis of one of the environmental policy issues of the European Union: i.e. a reduction of the greenhouse-gas (carbon dioxide) emissions. The main aim of this work is to analyze influence of the responsible institutions alongside other process participants in implementation of Directive 2003/87/EB requirements. The work reflects ambition to identify and qualify the effectiveness of the net of those participants. A case-study offered by this thesis is performed using main theoretical models on policy implementation - a 'bottom-up' implementation model, a "top-down" implementation model, policy network model.
This master thesis offers an in-depth analysis of one of the environmental policy issues of the European Union: i.e. a reduction of the greenhouse-gas (carbon dioxide) emissions. The main aim of this work is to analyze influence of the responsible institutions alongside other process participants in implementation of Directive 2003/87/EB requirements. The work reflects ambition to identify and qualify the effectiveness of the net of those participants. A case-study offered by this thesis is performed using main theoretical models on policy implementation - a 'bottom-up' implementation model, a "top-down" implementation model, policy network model.
This master's thesis analyses and highlights the non governmental organizations in the range of environmental protection and their input into the environmental policy-making and implementation. The aim of this paper is to reveal Lithuania's non-governmental environmental organizations' part in the process of forming and implementing politics of environment protection. The theoretical part of this paper consists in a synthesis of scientific literature on this topic, which analyses the key to the environmental activities of non-governmental organization and related aspects of environmental policy in Lithuania. In the first part of work it is given comprehensive analysis of the right, regulating NGOs actions, also described non-governmental environment protection scheme, analysed the main forms and problems of the actions, which organisation faces. In the second part it is given the singularities of the politics of environment protection in Lithuania. Here are analysed the topics of collaboration of environment protection NGOs and governmental institutions and also presented experience of foreign countries. The analysis of The non-governmental environmental organizations' part in environmental policy in Lithuania research is given in the third part of this paper. It is made out of three sections: The analysis of environmental NGOs given on the internet webpages, The environmental NGOs attitude towards environmental policy, and The governmental institutions' attitude towards environmental NGOs part in environmental policy. The first part of the research reveals environmental NGOs' actions and their basic indications and also relations with governmental institutions. By analysing the second part it is given the results of environmental NGOs poll and also an interview by one of the NGO representatives. Here is revealed the point of view of the organizations towards the main participants in the environmental policy, facing problems while collaborating with them and also ideas how to resolve it. In the last part of the research it is analysed the opinion of governmental institutions on environmental NGOs part in implement and creation of environmental policy. At the end of this work there is given recommendations and conclusions, refering to the literature and the results of the investigation.
This master's thesis analyses and highlights the non governmental organizations in the range of environmental protection and their input into the environmental policy-making and implementation. The aim of this paper is to reveal Lithuania's non-governmental environmental organizations' part in the process of forming and implementing politics of environment protection. The theoretical part of this paper consists in a synthesis of scientific literature on this topic, which analyses the key to the environmental activities of non-governmental organization and related aspects of environmental policy in Lithuania. In the first part of work it is given comprehensive analysis of the right, regulating NGOs actions, also described non-governmental environment protection scheme, analysed the main forms and problems of the actions, which organisation faces. In the second part it is given the singularities of the politics of environment protection in Lithuania. Here are analysed the topics of collaboration of environment protection NGOs and governmental institutions and also presented experience of foreign countries. The analysis of The non-governmental environmental organizations' part in environmental policy in Lithuania research is given in the third part of this paper. It is made out of three sections: The analysis of environmental NGOs given on the internet webpages, The environmental NGOs attitude towards environmental policy, and The governmental institutions' attitude towards environmental NGOs part in environmental policy. The first part of the research reveals environmental NGOs' actions and their basic indications and also relations with governmental institutions. By analysing the second part it is given the results of environmental NGOs poll and also an interview by one of the NGO representatives. Here is revealed the point of view of the organizations towards the main participants in the environmental policy, facing problems while collaborating with them and also ideas how to resolve it. In the last part of the research it is analysed the opinion of governmental institutions on environmental NGOs part in implement and creation of environmental policy. At the end of this work there is given recommendations and conclusions, refering to the literature and the results of the investigation.
European Commission is constantly looking for ways of reducing the whole product life cycle impact on environment. Means of ecological engineering and valuation of product's life cycle are being implemented in order to produce environmentally friendly products together with economical and media tools for creation of demand for such products. There are many factors stimulating economical entities to use eco-labelling. Environment protection change taking place in the society is one of those factors. Demand for ecological products is one of the main factors forcing companies to produce such products, taking into consideration influence on environment through the all stages of production. The aim of this paper – is to analyze the possibility of using eco-labeling in development of environmental policy of Lithuania. Such tasks have been formulated in order to reach this aim: •To analyze the role of social, ethical and ecological labeling for environmental policy based on works of foreign and Lithuanian authors. •To analyze the role of eco-labeling in EU environmental policy and the experience of other countries in usage of eco-labeling. •To analyze environmental policy and its instruments in Lithuania, by using SWOT analyze. •To describe ecological and other labeling used in Lithuania, and its development tendencies and compare it with experience of other countries. •To prepare recommendations of eco-labeling development in Lithuania. The object of this work is the possibility of using eco-labeling in environmental policy of Lithuania. The volume of this work is 61 pages, in which 3 figures and 20 pictures are presented. This works supplemented with 4 appendixes. The first part of the work describes the role of social, ethical and ecological labeling in EU environmental policy. The second part of the work analyzes the environmental policy and its instruments in Lithuania. The results of conducted empirical research together with it analyses are presented in the last third part of the work. Analysis revealed that after Lithuania became a member of EU, possibilities to use European community eco-label emerged. Lithuania developed necessary legal basis and formally whole system of granting this eco-label is operating. Analysis also validated the hypothesis of paper – the development of ecological labels in Lithuania is burdened by lack of experience, lack of information to society and shortcomings of institutional basis. Paper suggests that knowing the main condition for society to participate in formation of environmental policy – fully and timely inform about environment, and knowing that society is not matured and ready to participate in these processes, it is essential to assure interest and active participation in decision making. One of the most important means is to spread widely the information on eco-labeling using attractive and socially initiative tools.
European Commission is constantly looking for ways of reducing the whole product life cycle impact on environment. Means of ecological engineering and valuation of product's life cycle are being implemented in order to produce environmentally friendly products together with economical and media tools for creation of demand for such products. There are many factors stimulating economical entities to use eco-labelling. Environment protection change taking place in the society is one of those factors. Demand for ecological products is one of the main factors forcing companies to produce such products, taking into consideration influence on environment through the all stages of production. The aim of this paper – is to analyze the possibility of using eco-labeling in development of environmental policy of Lithuania. Such tasks have been formulated in order to reach this aim: •To analyze the role of social, ethical and ecological labeling for environmental policy based on works of foreign and Lithuanian authors. •To analyze the role of eco-labeling in EU environmental policy and the experience of other countries in usage of eco-labeling. •To analyze environmental policy and its instruments in Lithuania, by using SWOT analyze. •To describe ecological and other labeling used in Lithuania, and its development tendencies and compare it with experience of other countries. •To prepare recommendations of eco-labeling development in Lithuania. The object of this work is the possibility of using eco-labeling in environmental policy of Lithuania. The volume of this work is 61 pages, in which 3 figures and 20 pictures are presented. This works supplemented with 4 appendixes. The first part of the work describes the role of social, ethical and ecological labeling in EU environmental policy. The second part of the work analyzes the environmental policy and its instruments in Lithuania. The results of conducted empirical research together with it analyses are presented in the last third part of the work. Analysis revealed that after Lithuania became a member of EU, possibilities to use European community eco-label emerged. Lithuania developed necessary legal basis and formally whole system of granting this eco-label is operating. Analysis also validated the hypothesis of paper – the development of ecological labels in Lithuania is burdened by lack of experience, lack of information to society and shortcomings of institutional basis. Paper suggests that knowing the main condition for society to participate in formation of environmental policy – fully and timely inform about environment, and knowing that society is not matured and ready to participate in these processes, it is essential to assure interest and active participation in decision making. One of the most important means is to spread widely the information on eco-labeling using attractive and socially initiative tools.
This master's degree thesis "The analysis of the agri-environmental policy of the European Union and Lithuania" is theoretical-analytical work. The main EU and Lithuania's laws, regulating agri-environmental policy implementation and scientific literature are broadly analyzed in this thesis. Lithuania's agri-environmental programme has changed in many aspects since 2004 and the programme of this (2007-2013) programming period is developed to ensure better environment protection in agricultural sector. Nevertheless, national agri-environmental programme does not provide sufficient level of biodiversity conservation. In thesis there are provided three possible agri-environmental schemes that could improve Lithuania's agri-environmental programme. They are "Grassland bird species protection", "Conversion of arable land to grassland", "Conversion of abandoned land to grassland". The implementation of these schemes could improve biodiversity conservation, protect and enhance agricultural landscapes in Lithuania.
This master's degree thesis "The analysis of the agri-environmental policy of the European Union and Lithuania" is theoretical-analytical work. The main EU and Lithuania's laws, regulating agri-environmental policy implementation and scientific literature are broadly analyzed in this thesis. Lithuania's agri-environmental programme has changed in many aspects since 2004 and the programme of this (2007-2013) programming period is developed to ensure better environment protection in agricultural sector. Nevertheless, national agri-environmental programme does not provide sufficient level of biodiversity conservation. In thesis there are provided three possible agri-environmental schemes that could improve Lithuania's agri-environmental programme. They are "Grassland bird species protection", "Conversion of arable land to grassland", "Conversion of abandoned land to grassland". The implementation of these schemes could improve biodiversity conservation, protect and enhance agricultural landscapes in Lithuania.
