Suchergebnisse

В статье рассмотрен взгляд Б. Латура на политику в области экологии. Особое внимание уделено связи акторно-сетевой теории и экологической политики. Также рассматривается особенность влияния и связь понятий политического и понятий природного в историческом срезе и представления, которые мы можем наблюдать в современности. Раскрыты возможности и функции новой модели, которой Б. Латур предложил взамен старой системы построения общего мира между людьми и нечеловеческими существами. Учреждения, считает Б. Латур позволяющие создать подобную политическую экологию, уже существуют и намечены пунктиром в окружающей нас реальности, даже если нам придется заново определять положения левых и правых политических сил. ; The report examines B. Latour's view on environmental policy. Special attention is paid to the relationship between actor-network theory and environmental policy. We also consider the peculiarity of the influence and connection between the concepts of political and natural concepts in the historical context and representations that we can observe in modern times. The possibilities and functions of the new model, which B. Latour proposed instead of the old system of building a common world between people and non-human beings, are revealed. The institutions that allow us to create such a political ecology, В. Latour believes, already exist and are outlined as a dotted line in the reality around us, even if we have to redefine the positions of left and right political forces.

The article is devoted to the study of the specific features of coverage of environmental and regional political issues in mass media on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. ; Статья посвящена исследованию специфики освещения экологических проблем и региональной экологической политики в средствах массовой информации на примере Республики Татарстан.

Раздел "Международные отношения" - рубрика "Зарубежный опыт" ; Политическая ситуация в Соединенных Штатах Америки все чаще характеризуется экспертами как безвыходная. Действительно, почти по всем показателям межпартийной поляризации разногласия между конгрессменами от Республиканской и Демократической партий стали за последние 25 лет настолько значительными, что достигли уровня межпартийной конфронтации 1920-х гг. Хотя и в средствах массовой информации, и в научной литературе часто высказываются предостережения по поводу опасных последствий такой ситуации, многие все же считают, что «безвыходная ситуация» всегда была свойственна американской политике и что отцы-основатели намеренно создали институциональную политическую систему, постоянно сохраняющую статус-кво. На фоне этих мнений в статье исследуются современные тенденции политики в области окружающей среды. Анализ строится на двух основных допущениях. Во-первых, автор исходит из того, что, несмотря на полученное демократами по итогам последних выборов большинство в обеих палатах Конгресса, «безвыходная ситуация» действительно определяет национальный политический ландшафт. Во-вторых, структура американской конституционной системы компенсирует влияние «безвыходной ситуации» и обусловливает возможность проведения эффективной политики в области окружающей среды даже в условиях «безвыходной ситуации» на федеральном уровне. = The claim that policymaking in the United States is mired in a state of gridlock has been repeated often and loudly. Indeed, by almost any measure of partisan polarization, the divide between Democratic and Republican members of Congress has widened deeply over the past twenty-five years, reaching the levels of partisan conflict not witnessed since the 1920s. Yet, if both the popular media and the scholarly literature are awash with dire warnings, others maintain that gridlock has long characterized the American system and that the founders intentionally designed a system of institutional politics that largely preserves the status quo. This article explores recent trends in environmental policymaking in light of these competing claims. The analysis is based on two basic assumptions: first, that policy gridlock does reasonably describe the current situation at the national level, this despite the recent midterm capture of both chambers of Congress by the Democrats. The second assumption, however, is that the constitutional structure of the American political system diminishes the importance of gridlock at the national level; thus, in spite of gridlock, effective environmental policy is continuing to evolve.

Maintaining a certain level of biodiversity is essential to preserve ecosystemic functions. Conservation of biodiversity is a matter of great importance for the well-being of ecosystems and humans dependent on them. 130 world leaders committed to significantly reduce biodiversity loss before 2010 during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This goal is supported and prioritized by a number of significant policy documents among which are Strategy for Sustainable Development endorsed by EU leaders in Gothenburg in 2001, The Sixth Environment Action Programme and Lisbon Strategy. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии

In Slovenia, there is an urgent problem of limiting the harmful effects of economic activities that deteriorate the living conditions of people, animals and fl ora. The state is taking measures to encourage residents to stay in their home towns and take care of their arrangement and development, the preservation of natural resources and a comfortable environment for people. Numerous public organizations of civil society play an important role in this. This article outlines the features of the modern environmental policy of Slovenia, carried out within the framework of the general line of the European Union, aimed at the phasing out of carbon fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. The article analyzes Slovenian official documents, setting out the country's environmental strategy, progress in the implementation of plans for energy and climate measures until 2030, the current state of the energy sector and its compliance with the planned tasks. The author's assessment of the efficiency of the environmental policy carried out in Slovenia and its possible results is presented. It is stated that although the indicators of improving the environmental situation are gradually increasing, the emission of harmful gases is decreasing, and the efficiency of the use of energy and raw materials is improving, Slovenia still lags behind the European average in most of these indicators. Meanwhile, it has a relatively high share of renewable energy sources in its total production. This is achieved through budget subsidies for the energy produced from renewable energy sources so that its price does not exceed the market level. Significant monetary resources are spent to apply a wide range of incentive measures. Therefore, the government is forced to seek opportunities to further increase the funding for environmental activities, in particular through European Union funds, including assistance to fight the coronavirus pandemic.

English version of the article on pp. 317-324 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/features-of-the-environmental-policy-in-slovenia/66114.html

The research aims at the establishment of main principles, priorities and directions of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation. Environmental industrial policy is considered as a part of the industrial policy aimed at the formation of highly technological competitive national industry providing for the transfer of the economy from the export of raw materials to the innovation type of development. The international experience of the implementation of industrial policies is analysed; it is shown that re-industrialisation leads to strengthening the role of the state regulation and planning both in developed and developing countries. Peculiarities of the international approaches to forming "green" industrial policy are considered. Main principles of the environmental industrial policy development in the Russian Federation are formulated as follows: (1) industrial modernisation providing for the resource efficiency enhancement and the reduction of the negative environmental impact and (2) recycling of waste (its return to the economic cycle). It is emphasised that the environmental industrial policy priorities reflect foremost national purposes and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation development.

Актуальность решения современных проблем эффективности и сохранения качества окружающей среды обусловливает необходимость появления новой области исследования. Существующие тенденции в определении проблем строгой направленности («экологические», «экономические», «культурные», «социальные»), теряют свою актуальность. Современный подход к изучению мира требует сегодня не только нового концептуального подхода, но и новой логики дисциплинарных исследований. В статье изложены основные научно-теоретические подходы к исследованию экологических проблем в рамках теоретических концепций политической экономии. Описаны основные принципы и направления формирования экологической политики. Представлена точка зрения на развитие и модификацию понятия, систему инструментов и моделей экономической политики. Автор рассматривает экологическую политику в качестве социальной трансформации, с точки зрения трехмерной неявной аналитической структуры. ; The ever more relevant issue of the sustainable development and preservation of the environment determines the emergence of a new research field. The existing tendencies of classifying environmental problems strictly into 'ecological', 'economic', 'cultural', and 'social' ones can no longer be acceptable. The modern approach to the study of the present-day world does not only require a new conceptual approach, but a new logic of disciplinary research. The paper outlines basic theoretical approaches to the study of environmental issues within the theoretical framework of political economy. The author describes the basic principles and directions for the development of environmental policies. The article gives a view of the development and modification of the concept of ecological policy, as well as of its system of instruments and patterns. The author considers the environmental policy as a social transformation in terms of the three-dimensional structure of the implicit analysis. The article is of interest to students of Master's degree programmes, postgraduate students, teachers, as well as to a wide range of readers interested in sustainable development.

Environmental protection is considered an important element in most religions. The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of the problem of the influence of religion on the environment, human behavior and attitude to nature. Religion has always touched upon the problem of the relationship between man and the world around him. In the existing religious traditions, various ideals of the relationship between man and nature have been formed. As a result, the ideological functions of religion acquire special significance. In our time, religions can be a spiritual source for the development and formation of environmental ethics and natural aesthetics. Religious ethics awakens in people a consciousness that is different from material and technological thinking. Religion helps people understand that their control over the living and inanimate world is unlimited and that cruelty towards nature will turn to them. Religion teaches people that the purpose of life is not to maximize consumption. While technology gives man the physical strength to create or destroy the world, religion teaches virtue. Directly or indirectly, religion can be a powerful source of environmental protection. Therefore, we need to use the power of the influence of religion to protect nature. The nature of the influence of religion on the current state and development of society largely depends on the relationship between people of different faiths. The religious consciousness of people developed in the direction of knowledge of the world and its laws, methods of practical use. Some religious ideologies deify human nature and reflect people's responses to their environment. Religion, as a form of social consciousness, has always, in one way or another, taken care of man's relationship with the natural world, traditionally expressed a certain moral and ethical concern for the environment and determined the moral obligations of man in relation to the environment.

The implementation of any business project should be preceded by activities to predict its possible impact on the environment and to obtain environmental acceptability assessments for the implementation of the corresponding project. Ecological expertise is aimed at solving these important tasks. State environmental review is the legal form of preventive environmental control; carried out with the aim of verifying the compliance of economic and other activities with environmental safety requirements; It is carried out on the principles of mandatory conduct, scientific validity and legality of its conclusions and independence, extra-departmental organization and conduct, wide publicity and public participation. The article discusses the purpose of environmental assessments, formulates their basic principles arising from foreign practice of environmental policy in developed countries that have significant experience in the development and effective application of various institutional instruments for environmental regulation, including environmental impact assessments. The article gives an analysis of the establishment of the institute of environmental expertise in Russia, shows the results achieved and the omissions in this area over the past 30 years, reveals the causes and consequences of the minimization of the state environmental review after 2000. Based on the analysis of amendments to the Russian environmental legislation introduced in the last few years concerning the procedure and procedure for conducting environmental assessments, it is shown that these changes did not contribute to the improvement of the current situation. A number of measures have been proposed which are currently ripe for reanimating approaches to state environmental expertise, including the restoration of a system of specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental protection; strengthening legislation on the institute of environmental impact assessment; streamlining issues of their financing, etc. ; Реализации любого хозяйственного проекта должна предшествовать деятельность по прогнозированию его возможного воздействия на окружающую природную среду и получению оценок экологической допустимости осуществления соответствующего проекта. На решение этих важных задач и нацелены экологические экспертизы. Государственная экологическая экспертиза является организационноправовым инструментом предупредительного экологического контроля, нацеленного на проверку соответствия хозяйственной и иной деятельности экологическим требованиям. Она базируется на принципах обязательности проведения, независимости, научной обоснованности и учета общественного мнения. В статье рассмотрено назначение экологических экспертиз, сформулированы их основные принципы, вытекающие из зарубежной практики экологической политики в развитых странах, имеющих значительный опыт разработки и результативного применения различных институциональных инструментов экологического регулирования, включая экологические экспертизы. Дан анализ становления института экологической экспертизы в России, показаны достигнутые результаты и упущения в данной сфере за последние 30 лет, выявлены причины и последствия сворачивания государственной экологической экспертизы после 2000 г. На основе анализа внесенных в последние несколько лет поправок в российское экологическое законодательство, касающихся порядка и процедуры проведения экологических экспертиз, показано, что данные изменения не способствовали улучшению сложившейся ситуации. Предложен ряд назревших к настоящему времени мер по реанимации подходов к государственному экологическому экспертированию, включая восстановление системы специально уполномоченных государственных органов в области охраны окружающей среды; усиление законодательства, касающегося института экологической экспертизы; упорядочивания вопросов их финансирования и др.

The end of the twentieth – beginning of the twenty first presented the world with a number of global challenges where the issue of clean drinking water plays a special part. European Union plays an important part in developing solutions for this problem. The article studies the major stages of evolution of environmental management policy and European in regard to clean drinking water. It analyses current issues of maintaining quality of drinking water in EU countries. ; Проект № 2016-2592/001-001, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE, при финансовой поддержке Европейской Комиссии