Ethiopia: An Overview
This report gives an overview of Ethiopia's overview. It includes background, political issues, security concerns, economy, and U.S. foreign assistance
This report gives an overview of Ethiopia's overview. It includes background, political issues, security concerns, economy, and U.S. foreign assistance
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This report gives an overview of Ethiopia's overview. It includes background, political issues, security concerns, economy, and U.S. foreign assistance
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Ethiopia officially launched the District Level Decentralization Program (DLDP) by the year 2002. The program flagged core objectives such as institutionalizing viable development centers at local levels, deepening devolution of power, enhancing the democratization process through broad-based participatory strategy, promoting good governance and improving service delivery. Since the inception of this program two strategic planning terms (one strategic term is five years) have already elapsed and the third is in a process. However, various program implementation reports and results on the ground narrowly justified the success of this program. Perception, conscious and voluntary participation of all the various stakeholders in general and communities at grassroots level in particular were not as apparent as initially desired. Thus, a cross-sectional, embedded single case study, which is essentially qualitative, was conducted in Dendi district of Oromia State to find out how this program proceeds, focusing on: institutional strengths, transfer of authority and resource, implementation, perception and participation of the stakeholders and actual benefits gained at grassroots level. Data were collected through interviews, observation and focus group discussions. Conceptual analyses and explanations were presented to show how the program progressed and stumbling blocks encountered. While the theory of democratic decentralization was taken as a domain theory, theories such as neopatrimonialism, congruence, equilibrium view of institutions, sequential theory of decentralization and other theories relating to people's participation were selectively reviewed in the literature and pervasively taken on when successive analyses, explanations and reflections were made. The findings indicate a need for more focused and planned approaches for the success of the program. Institutionalizing the district and the lowest tiers has not yet been achieved. While no inconsistency was observed in models used to transfer resources and authority, shortages and lack of dynamic capability of local implementers to properly utilize the power and resources transferred were evident at all levels. Perception and participation of stakeholders is an area that needs a paradigm shift. Achievements on the ground have not yet justified the efforts made or the program goals. Besides generating valuable ideas for scientific discourse, critical reflections and a set of proposals and recommendations - as possible solutions for some of the problems observed - have been provided in this work. Introduction of appropriate planning, enhancing the capability of local bodies to match the ever changing local and global conditions, rethinking on certain policy and program changes and meaningful participation of stakeholders, efficient use of available resources, etc. were among issues identified for consideration.
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In: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015049745501
Foreward.--Italy attacks Abyssinia.--The attitude of the British and French governments.--The economic causes of the drive for empire.--Imperialism and facism.--The League of Nations.--Abyssinia-and Italy.--The opposition to the war.--Is peace possible? ; Mode of access: Internet.
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Includes index. ; "Research completed August 1980." ; Revision of: Area handbook for Ethiopia / Irving Kaplan, et al. 1971. ; Bibliography: p. 319-344. ; Historical setting / Richard P. Stevens -- The society and its environment / Irving Kaplan -- The economy / Donald P. Whitaker -- Government and politics / Harold D. Nelson -- National security / Robert Rinehart. ; Mode of access: Internet.
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Unemployment has long been there for (especially) developing economies being the major development challenge. The cost of unemployment transmits in a couple of channels; of which the opportunity costs arising from lost production and the resultant social disorders are of immediate ledges. While appreciating them all, the government of Ethiopia (GoE) conveyed various schemes towards reducing unemployment to (at least the recommended) minimum rate. Despite developments in various efforts to that end, unemployment remained pronounceable policy challenge in Ethiopia. It, therefore, calls for enhanced intervention towards supporting the process of controlling unemployment in the country. The present study is principally aimed to identify those macroeconomic policy variables that are important in explaining the dynamics of unemployment in Ethiopia. We employed the annual time series data set for the period serially running from 1984 to 2018. The individual variables were all subjected to the augmented Dickey Fuller unit root tests and the mixed order of integration has been confirmed. As a result, the auto-regressive Distributed Lag model approach was employed for cointegration issues; and various possible cointegrating roots among the variables entered the unemployment model were suggested too. Our regression results reveal that, the population growth rate, economic growth rate, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, and the external debt variables are all important predictors of unemployment both in long and the short run periods. A positive impulse moves from inflation to (cyclical) unemployment in Ethiopia, whereby contrasting the Phillips hypothesis. Economic and social development policies need not be treated in isolation. Any successful monetary policy action in targeting the threshold inflation rate is supposed to be a crucial approach. Besides, enhancing productive and more labor-oriented investments serve the best long run solution to that end, too.
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Unemployment has long been there for (especially) developing economies being the major development challenge. The cost of unemployment transmits in a couple of channels; of which the opportunity costs arising from lost production and the resultant social disorders are of immediate ledges. While appreciating them all, the government of Ethiopia (GoE) conveyed various schemes towards reducing unemployment to (at least the recommended) minimum rate. Despite developments in various efforts to that end, unemployment remained pronounceable policy challenge in Ethiopia. It, therefore, calls for enhanced intervention towards supporting the process of controlling unemployment in the country. The present study is principally aimed to identify those macroeconomic policy variables that are important in explaining the dynamics of unemployment in Ethiopia. We employed the annual time series data set for the period serially running from 1984 to 2018. The individual variables were all subjected to the augmented Dickey Fuller unit root tests and the mixed order of integration has been confirmed. As a result, the auto-regressive Distributed Lag model approach was employed for cointegration issues; and various possible cointegrating roots among the variables entered the unemployment model were suggested too. Our regression results reveal that, the population growth rate, economic growth rate, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, and the external debt variables are all important predictors of unemployment both in long and the short run periods. A positive impulse moves from inflation to (cyclical) unemployment in Ethiopia, whereby contrasting the Phillips hypothesis. Economic and social development policies need not be treated in isolation. Any successful monetary policy action in targeting the threshold inflation rate is supposed to be a crucial approach. Besides, enhancing productive and more labor-oriented investments serve the best long run solution to that end, too.
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Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development due to its large livestock population, the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds, and the relatively disease-free environment for livestock. Given the considerable potential for smallholder income and employment generation from high-value dairy products, development of the dairy sector in Ethiopia can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and nutrition in the country. Like other sectors of the economy, the dairy sector in Ethiopia has passed through three phases or turning points, following the economic and political policy in the country. In the most recent phase, characterized by the transition towards market-oriented economy, the dairy sector appears to be moving towards a takeoff stage. Liberalized markets and private sector investment and promotion of smallholder dairy are the main features of this phase. Milk production during the 1990s expanded at an annual rate of 3.0 percent compared to 1.63-1.66 percent during the preceding three decades. Review of the development of dairy sector in Ethiopia indicates that there is a need to focus interventions more coherently. Development interventions should be aimed at addressing both technological gaps and marketing problems. Integration of crossbred cattle to the sector is imperative for dairy development in the country. This can be achieved either through promotion of large private investment to introduce new technology in the sector such as improved genotypes, feed and processing, and promotion of integration of crossbred cattle into the smallholder sector through improving their access to improved cattle breeds, AI service, veterinary service, and credit. Similarly, government should also take the lead in building infrastructure and providing technical service to smallholders. Severe shortages, low quality and seasonal unavailability of feed likewise remain as major constraints to livestock production in Ethiopia. These constraints need to be addressed and technological change be promoted to increase milk production. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; EPTD
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On November, 4th 2020, the Tigrayan Area became one of the deadly conflict hotspots in the midst of the global pandemic Covid-19. The conflicts are rooted since the Ethiopian People's Democratic Front (EPRDF) becoming the governing party 30 years ago that reigned by corrupt, dirty, discriminate governance. EPRDF was in coalition with four parties: Amhara Democratic Party (ADP); The Oromo Democratic Party (ODP); Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Party Movement (SEPDPM); and Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Among the four parties, only the TPLF has been promoted and acquired privileges by the EPRDF. These privileges provide TPLF an influence, an important political position, and a military sector, which creates other parties feel excluded. Political friction, sexual violence, and even the issue of ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans underlie the crisis. Since Abiy Ahmed from ODP become a new PM of Ethiopia, it is strongly indicated that his position indirectly supports reprisal against TPLF. The involvement of Eritrea in this conflict, expanding the spectrum of crisis. Deadlock on the solution and the unilateral claims of the Abiy's successful (offensive) settlement against TPLF, agonizing the situation of the Tigrayan people. Therefore, in this essay, the author will explain how the characteristics of the current conflict situation, the ripeness of conflict, methods of resolution of mediation, and possible solution to construct a stable situation in the Tigray Conflict. Key Words: Abiy, Afrika, Amhara, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Oromo, Tigray, TPLF
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The urban population in Ethiopia is increasing rapidly. If managed proactively, urban population growth presents a huge opportunity to shift the structure and location of economic activity from rural agriculture to the larger and more diversified urban industrial and service sectors. If not managed proactively, rapid urban population growth may pose a demographic challenge as cities struggle to provide jobs, infrastructure and services, and housing. The central challenge for the Ethiopian Government is to make sure that cities are attractive places in which to work and live, while fostering smart urbanization. Making urbanization a national priority will accelerate Ethiopia's progress towards reaching middle-income status. The government has already taken steps to make evidence-based, informed decisions for well-managed urban growth, and this report aims to contribute to those efforts.
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The United States is losing the competition for global power to China, especially on the African continent. This thesis aims to analyze opportunities for the United States to take advantage of China's withdrawal from Ethiopia in order to develop relations with the quickly growing country and influence the country toward democratization. This author found that while democracy is not likely, through increasing relations with Ethiopia's prime minister, the United States has an opportunity to push for increased individual freedoms for Ethiopians. The author relied on open-source information and strategic analytic techniques often employed by the U.S. intelligence community.
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This book is the first full-length study of the land reform and the resultant social changes in rural Ethiopia. ; Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. The agrarian system under the old -- 3. The land -- 4. Peasants and peasant associations -- 5. Peasants and agrarian reform -- 6. Select bibliography
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Only 20 percent of the school-age population in Ethiopia have access to primary education. This study attempts to explore an alternative strategy as regards expansion of literacy and the fulfilment of educational and developmental needs. It argues that the strategy of non-formal education is in both cases a far better alternative. ; Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Non-Formal Education: What It is and What It is Not -- 3. Bilateral Donors and the Ethiopian Education System -- 4. The Profile of the Education Sector as seen by USAID and ANDP – 5. The New Ethiopian Education and Training Policy -- 6. Conclusion: Let the Formal Education Sector Defend Itself. Invest in the Non-Formal Education
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Because agriculture is the economic backbone of most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, any meaningful sustainable development program in the continent must therefore be anchored in the sector. The concept for this study on agribusiness indicators was based on the vital role that agribusiness plays in agricultural development. The study focuses on agribusiness indicators (ABI) to identify and isolate the determining factors that lead private investors and other stakeholders to participate in agribusiness and to engage in discourse regarding its development. A more thorough empirical understanding of these determinants in turn can usefully inform the types of policy reforms that can promote agribusiness in Africa. In Ethiopia, the ABI team focused on the following success factors: a) access to critical factors of production of certified hybrid seeds, fertilizer, and mechanical input; b) enabling environment in terms of access of credit and transportation; and c) government expenditures on agriculture, and trade and regulatory policies that currently influence the agribusiness environment. The factors and indicators that the research team has included in this study are not exhaustive but rather are intended to serve as a pilot that could be scaled up to include more variables and countries. The findings of the study revealed the dominant role of the government in the seed and fertilizer markets. In the seed sub-sector, perennial shortages of both basic and certified seeds have greatly limited agricultural productivity in Ethiopia.
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Ethiopia has been facing an increased return of migrants, as a result of mass deportation from countries like Saudi Arabia, The Government of Ethiopia, together with other humanitarian actors successfully managed the return but, due to the absence of a national framework on reintegration, the reintegration component was not addressed. Hence this report presents the recommended approach for developing a reintegration package for return migrants in Ethiopia. This package is expected to serve as a point of reference and practical guide for the Government of Ethiopia, UN agencies, civil society organizations and other stakeholders to develop programs in support of the successful reintegration of returnees, back into their community and labour market.
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