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The social sciences offer many insights into the causes of the intense ethnic conflicts that characterize the close of the twentieth century, but they also create obstacles to understanding these baffling problems, contends H. D. Forbes in this important book. Forbes takes a critical look at the "contact hypothesis"-the assumption commonly held by social scientists that increased contact between different ethnic groups gives each group more accurate information about the other and thus reduces friction. By distinguishing aggregate from individual relations, Forbes suggests a way out of the perplexities induced by current social science literature on prejudice and discrimination.Drawing on studies of the contact hypothesis in sociology and social psychology and on the literature on nationalism and ethnic conflict, this book provides the most thorough review of contact theory available. Scientific research suggests that increased contact between culturally distinct groups in some cases gives rise to more intense conflict. Yet individuals who get to know each other better generally like each other better. Can these apparently conflicting generalizations both be true? asks Forbes. They are, he argues, and he takes contemporary social science to task for failing to show how and why this is possible. The author clarifies the weaknesses of contact theory, develops an alternative "linguistic model" of ethnic conflict, and concludes with penetrating reflections on the politics and methodology of the social sciences today

Understanding Ethnic Conflict provides all the key concepts needed to understand conflict among ethnic groups. Including approaches from both comparative politics and international relations, this text offers a model of ethnic conflict's internationalization by showing how domestic and international actors influence a country's ethnic and sectarian divisions. Illustrating this model in five original case studies, the unique combination of theory and application in Understanding Ethnic Conflict facilitates more critical analysis of contemporary ethnic conflicts and the world's response to them.

Is nationalism beneficial?: Nationalism: an overview / Peter Alter -- Nationalism can be beneficial: Nationalism can be beneficial / Lynne Jones -- Nationalism is vital to democracy / Ghia Nodia -- Nationalism sustains cultural diversity / Isaiah Berlin, interviewed by Nathan Gardels -- Nationalism drives self-determination movements / Julius Jacobson -- Liberal nationalism can benefit ethnic groups / Yael Tamir -- Nationalism can be harmful: Nationalism impedes progress / Ernest Erber -- Nationalism threatens peace in Europe / Daniel Singer -- Nationalism oppresses working classes / New Unionist -- Radical nationalism promotes anti-semitism / Robert S. Wistrich -- Fascist nationalism incites violence against immigrants / Steve Vogel -- Is ethnic violence ever justified?: Yes: ethnic violence is justified: Ethnic warfare in the former Yugoslavia protects Serbs / Momcilo Selic -- Bosnian Muslims have the right to use violence / Muhamed Sacirbey -- Violence against Israel is justified to free Palestine / Ibrahim Ghawshah, interviewed by KEYHAN -- Violence by the Irish Republican Army is justified / Anonymous, interviewed by Morgan Strong -- Violence is justified to protect the purity of the white race / David Lane -- No: ethnic conflict is not justified: Serbs have committed heinous war crimes / Lawrence S. Eagleburger -- Mass rapes committed by Serbs are war crimes / Manuela Dobos -- Violence in the Arab world is unjustified cruelty / Kanan Makiya -- Terrorism by the Irish Republican Army is not justified / Herb Greer -- German neo-Nazi assaults against immigrants must end / Revolutionary Communist Party, USA -- Hindu violence against Muslims is barbaric / Vibhuti Patel -- What are the causes of ethnic conflict?: Ethnic conflict: an overview / Robin Wright -- Nationalism causes ethnic conflict / Jay Stuller -- Religious radicalism causes ethnic conflict / Mark Juergensmeyer -- Economic prejudice causes ethnic conflict / Thomas Sowell -- Political exploitation of ethnicity causes conflict / Sonia Shah -- Political crises intensify ethnic conflict / Stephen Ryan -- Should nations intervene in ethnic conflicts?: Case study: the Balkans: Intervention in the Balkans: an overview / Friends Committee on National Legislation -- Nations should intervene in the Balkans: NATO should intervene in the Balkans / Paul C. Warnke -- Use military force to partition Bosnia / John J. Mearsheimer and Robert A. Pape -- United Nations and NATO should intervene in Kosovo / Bujar Bukoshi -- Limited military intervention in Bosnia may be necessary / John Roach -- Nations should not intervene in the Balkans: Do not intervene against the Serbs / Murray N. Rothbard -- America's military should not intervene in the Balkans / John McCain, interviewed by Major Garrett -- Foreign military intervention would fail / Misha Glenny -- How can ethnic conflict be prevented?: Collective security can prevent ethnic conflict / Madeleine K. Albright -- Disarmament can prevent ethnic conflict / Michael Renner -- Democracy can prevent ethnic conflict / Benjamin R. Barber -- Empowering ethnic groups can prevent ethnic conflict / Jack D. Forbes -- Intergroup dialogue can prevent ethnic conflict / Harold H. Saunders -- Ethnic conflicts around the world

Cover -- Contents -- List of Maps -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 Theories of Third-party Intervention -- 2 Quantitative Analysis of Foreign Interventions in Ethnic Conflicts -- 3 Chad (1966-1987): Muscling in for Control -- 4 Georgia (1992-1994): Intervening for the Sake of Intervention -- 5 Somalia (1991-1994): When Force Fails -- 6 Rwanda (1990-1996): Success during Genocide -- 7 A Successful Intervention: When, Where and How -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

Ethnic conflicts in Southeast Asia -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1. Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia: Causes and the Quest for Solution -- 2. Ethnic Conflict, Prevention and Management: The Malaysian Case -- 3. Dreams and Nightmares: State Building and Ethnic Conflict in Myanmar (Burma) -- 4. The Moro and the Cordillera Conflicts in the Philippines and the Struggle for Autonomy -- 5. The Thai State and Ethnic Minorities: From Assimilation to Selective Integration -- Index -- About the Contributors.

Ethnic conflict often focuses on culturally charged symbols and rituals that evoke strong emotions from all sides. Marc Howard Ross examines battles over diverse cultural expressions, including Islamic headscarves in France, parades in Northern Ireland, holy sites in Jerusalem and Confederate flags in the American South to propose a psychocultural framework for understanding ethnic conflict, as well as barriers to, and opportunities for, its mitigation. His analysis explores how culture frames interests, structures demand-making and shapes how opponents can find common ground to produce constructive outcomes to long-term disputes. He focuses on participants' accounts of conflict to identify emotionally significant issues, and the power of cultural expressions to link individuals to larger identities and shape action. Ross shows that, contrary to popular belief, culture does not necessarily exacerbate conflict; rather, the constructed nature of psychocultural narratives can facilitate successful conflict mitigation through the development of more inclusive narratives and identities