Suchergebnisse

This article sets forth a history (with literary-textual focus) of the Iranian mythological Snake-man, from the earliest Vedic and Avestan evidence, down to Ferdowsi. The continuous development of the myth in Iran is accompanied by changes in the monster's name, which show linguistic reassociations, while a constant in all of this is the figure's representation as an inimical outsider. The Vedic name of the brute's fortification, the background of which in etymology and realia will be shown to be the pre-Aryan Bactria-Margiana Archeological Complex, finds a clear but hitherto unobserved correlation in Pahlavi. This illuminates the Indo-Iranian antiquity of the myth in terms of prehistoric inter-ethnic rivalries.

A través de un estudio etnográfico se comparó la evidencia arqueológica e histórica, pues esta investigación pretende realizar una etnoarqueología del espacio domestico y habitacional (niveles macro y micro respectivamente), tanto simbólico como funcional, de la comunidad indígena Mapoyo (Wánai) del poblado Palomo, ubicado cerca del río Villacoa, estado Bolívar. Nos remitimos en nuestro enfoque teórico al concepto y clasificación del espacio por parte del arqueólogo postprocesual Christopher Tilley quien, dentro de una perspectiva fenomenológica, intenta interpretar el espacio y el paisaje de sociedades pretéritas. Se plantea estudiar los cambios económicos, políticos y sociales para explicar posibles transformaciones en la concepción (simbólica) del espacio habitacional y doméstico en los Mapoyo. ; This ethnographic study compares archeological and historical evidence in that it pretends to an ethnoarcheology of domestic space and living space (at macro and micro levels respectively). This space is viewed not only as symbolical but also as functional. The place is an indigenous Mapoyo community of Wanai people in the town of Mapoyo near the River Villacoa in Bolivar State. Our theoretical focus gives the concept and definition of space according to the postprocess archeologist Christopher Tilley who, from a phenomenological perspective, attempts to induce space and landscape concepts held by early societies. Studies of economic, political, and social change intend to explain possible transformations in the conception (in its symbolic manifestations) of both living and domestic space in Mapoyo. ; 389-405 ; anandahernandez@gmail.com ; trimestral

The villages on Bali's north-east coast have a long history. Archaeological finds have shown that the coastal settlements of Tejakula District enjoyed trading relations with India as long as 2000 years ago or more. Royal decrees dating from the 10th to the 12th century, inscribed on copper tablets and still preserved in the local villages as part of their religious heritage, bear witness to the fact that, over a period of over 1000 years, these played a major role as harbour and trading centres in the transmaritime trade between India and (probably) the Spice Islands. At the same time the inscriptions attest to the complexity in those days of Balinese society, with a hierarchical social organisation headed by a king who resided in the interior – precisely where, nobody knows. The interior was connected to the prosperous coastal settlements through a network of trade and ritual. The questions that faced the German-Balinese research team were first: Was there anything left over of this evidently glorious past? And second: Would our professional anthropological and archaeological research work be able to throw any more light on the vibrant past of these villages? This book is an attempt to answer both these and further questions on Bali's coastal settlements, their history and culture.

The villages on Bali's north-east coast have a long history. Archaeological finds have shown that the coastal settlements of Tejakula District enjoyed trading relations with India as long as 2000 years ago or more. Royal decrees dating from the 10th to the 12th century, inscribed on copper tablets and still preserved in the local villages as part of their religious heritage, bear witness to the fact that, over a period of over 1000 years, these played a major role as harbour and trading centres in the transmaritime trade between India and (probably) the Spice Islands. At the same time the inscriptions attest to the complexity in those days of Balinese society, with a hierarchical social organisation headed by a king who resided in the interior – precisely where, nobody knows. The interior was connected to the prosperous coastal settlements through a network of trade and ritual. The questions that faced the German-Balinese research team were first: Was there anything left over of this evidently glorious past? And second: Would our professional anthropological and archaeological research work be able to throw any more light on the vibrant past of these villages? This book is an attempt to answer both these and further questions on Bali's coastal settlements, their history and culture. - Desa-desa di pesisir timur laut Bali memiliki sejarah yang panjang. Penemuan arkeologi telah menunjukkan bahwa pemukiman pesisir di Distrik Tejakula menikmati hubungan perdagangan dengan India selama 2000 tahun yang lalu atau lebih. Dekrit kerajaan yang berasal dari abad ke-10 hingga ke-12, yang ditorehkan pada lempengan tembaga dan masih diawetkan di desa-desa setempat sebagai bagian dari warisan agama mereka, menjadi saksi fakta bahwa, selama lebih dari 1000 tahun, ini memainkan peran utama sebagai pelabuhan dan pusat perdagangan dalam perdagangan lintas waktu antara India dan (mungkin) Kepulauan Rempah. Pada saat yang sama prasasti tersebut membuktikan kompleksitas masyarakat Bali pada masa itu, dengan organisasi sosial hierarkis yang dipimpin oleh seorang raja yang bertempat tinggal di pedalaman - tepatnya di mana, tidak ada yang tahu. Interiornya terhubung dengan pemukiman pesisir yang makmur melalui jaringan perdagangan dan ritual. Pertanyaan yang dihadapi tim peneliti Jerman-Bali adalah pertama: Adakah yang tersisa dari masa lalu yang jelas gemilang ini? Dan kedua: Akankah penelitian antropologi dan arkeologi profesional kami dapat menjelaskan lebih jauh tentang masa lalu yang hidup di desa-desa ini? Buku ini adalah upaya untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dan pertanyaan selanjutnya tentang pemukiman pesisir Bali, sejarah dan budayanya.

The villages on Bali's north-east coast have a long history. Archaeological findings have shown that the coastal settlements of Tejakula District enjoyed trading relations with India as long as 2000 years ago or more. Royal decrees dating from the 10th to the 12th century, inscribed on copper tablets and preserved in the local villages as part of their religious heritage, bear witness to the fact that, over a period of over 1000 years, these played a major role as harbour and trading centres in the transmaritime trade between India and (probably) the Spice Islands. At the same time the inscriptions attest to the complexity in those days of Balinese society, with a hierarchical social organisation headed by a king who resided in the interior - precisely where, nobody knows. The interior was connected to the prosperous coastal settlements through a network of trade and ritual. The questions that faced the German-Balinese research team were first: Was there anything left over of this evidently glorious past? And second: Would our professional anthropological and archaeological research work be able to throw any more light on the vibrant past of these villages? This book is an attempt to answer both these and further questions on Bali's coastal settlements, their history and culture.