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Since its declaration of independence Kosovo has clearly postured itself towards Euro-Atlantic integration with NATO, keeping its door open towards Western Balkan states. This integration process faces major challenges stemming from different dimensions: NATO's internal unity and its stance towards Kosovo's political status having direct impact in consensual decision making processes; current geopolitical tensions from a global perspective, particularly between the West and Russia; and Kosovo's ability to fulfil NATO's standards and criteria. These challenges might prove very difficult to overcome at least in the current global political and security environment. The objective of this paper is to discuss from legal and geopolitical perspectives the relations between Kosovo and NATO and the challenges, dynamics and perspective of NATO opening a formal integration process for Kosovo. ; Since its declaration of independence Kosovo has clearly postured itself towards Euro-Atlantic integration with NATO, keeping its door open towards Western Balkan states. This integration process faces major challenges stemming from different dimensions: NATO's internal unity and its stance towards Kosovo's political status having direct impact in consensual decision making processes; current geopolitical tensions from a global perspective, particularly between the West and Russia; and Kosovo's ability to fulfil NATO's standards and criteria. These challenges might prove very difficult to overcome at least in the current global political and security environment. The objective of this paper is to discuss from legal and geopolitical perspectives the relations between Kosovo and NATO and the challenges, dynamics and perspective of NATO opening a formal integration process for Kosovo.

Ruski inozemni turizam poznat je na svjetskom turističkom tržištu. Izvoz turističkih usluga u Rusiju zabranjen je sankcijama za ekonomije mnogih zemalja. U današnje vrijeme prisutne su nove tendencije koje bi trebale radikalno promijeniti strukturu ruskog domaćeg turizma i utjecati na inozemni turizam. Za to postoje vanjski i unutarnji tržišni i politički razlozi. U Rusiji država potiče razvoj domaćeg turizma različitim programima i strategijom njegova razvoja. Poduzetničke aktivnosti, konkurencija, investicija u turizam i turistička infrastruktura također su u porastu. U današnjoj Rusiji vidljiva je promjena od "inozemnog turizma" prema "domaćem turizmu". Ovo posljednje donosi dodatne prihode ruskim regijama. Sadašnja ekonomska i politička situacija doprinosi tom procesu. Pad prihoda uzrokovan ekonomskom krizom prisiljava Ruse da manje putuju u inozemstvo, a raste broj putnika u domaće jeftinije destinacije. Suočena s ekonomskim sankcijama ruska državna tijela traže unutrašnje investicije i mogućnosti smanjenja troškova uvoza. Počeli su više pažnje posvećivati domaćem turizmu. Pod sloganom "supstitucija uvoza" i "protusankcije" neke restrikcije koje utječu na međunarodni turizam, preferencije prema domaćem turizmu i stimulacija potražnje elaborirane su u ovom radu. Također i restrikcije inozemnog turizma kao i zabrana stranim kompanijama da djeluju na ruskom turističkom tržištu postali su politički faktor. Pad ruskog inozemnog turizma jača konkurenciju među svojim destinacijama, a povezano je i s Republikom Hrvatskom. Broj ruskih turista u Hrvatskoj pada iz godine u godinu. S jedne strane to može imati negativan utjecaj na hrvatsko turističko tržište, a s druge strane može otvoriti nove mogućnosti za pronalaženje načina da se privuče više posjetitelja iz Hrvatske. Smatramo da to može biti u interesu Hrvatske. ; Russian outbound tourism is well noticed in the World Tourist Market. Exporting tourist services to Russia has been the boon for the economies of many countries. Nowadays new tendencies are being revealed which should radically change the structure of Russian national tourism and influence the International tourism. There are outer and inner, market and political reasons for that. In Russia the government supports the inner and inbound tourism by means of programs and the strategy of its development. Entrepreneurial activities, competition, investment in tourism and tourist infrastructure are growing as well. In nowadays Russia the shift from "The industry of outbound tourism" to "The industry of national tourism" is well seen. The latter brings additional revenues to Russian regions. Current economic and political situation is contributing to this process. The economic-crisis-related decline in incomes pushes Russians to travel abroad less and instead increases the number of travelers within the country to cheaper destinations. Facing economic sanctions Russian authorities search for inner investment and the possibilities to reduce the cost of import. They started paying more attention to inner tourism. Under the slogans of "import-substitution" and "counter-sanctions" some restrictions on outbound tourism, preferences for the national tourism industry, and stimulation of consumers' demand were elaborated in this paper. Also the outbound tourism restrictions, prohibition for some foreign companies to act on Russian tourist market became a political factor. The decline of Russian outbound tourism strengthens the competition among its destinations. It is related to Republic of Croatia. The number of Russian visitors to Croatia declines from year to year. On the one hand it may have negative influence on Croatian tourist market, on the other – it opens new possibilities to find ways to attract more visitors from Russia. We suppose that it may be in the interest of Croatia.

Otoci sjevernog Hrvatskog primorja prebogati arheološkim nasljeđem od paleolitika do kasnog srednjovjekovlja već dulje vrijeme predmetom su znanstvenog interesa arheologa. U kontekstu tog interesa zapaženo mjesto pripada skupini spomenika koje pripisujemo vremenu prve bizantske vladavine u ovom dijelu istočnog Jadrana. Riječ je o pojavi čitavih urbanih kompleksa, ali i o pojedinačnim objektima vojnog graditeljstva primjerenog vremenu rekonkviste bizantskog cara Justinijana I. (527.-565.) i uspostavljanju talasokracije Bizanta na Jadranu nakon istočnogotsko-bizantskog ratovanja (535.-539.). Autor donosi tri izdvojena primjera ranosrednjovjekovnog bizantskog vojnog graditeljstva na otocima Pagu (Sv. Juraj iznad grada Paga), Rabu (rt Kaštelina kod Kampora) i Krku (Korintija kod Baške). I dok je urbani sklop nastao na rtu Sokolu na Krku idealan primjer geneze malog bizantskog grada s akropolom i podgrađem, dotle su novootkrivena nalazišta ranobizantskog graditeljstva, koja su predmetom autorove podrobnije analize, primjeri nastanka kastra duž pomorske transverzale prema sjevernom Jadranu na putu prema Raveni i Akvileji. U svim analiziranim primjerima autor prepoznaje niz značajnih sadržaja i detalja, koji doprinose cjelovitijem poznavanju samih arhitektonskih sklopova kao dijelova jedinstvenog sustava svjetovnog i duhovnog graditeljstva tijekom 6. st. prisutnog na čitavom Jadranu.

Dužnički financijski instrumenti su specifične zbog komponente dospijeća koju sadržavaju te stoga konvencionalni pristupi u procjeni njihovih volatilnost mogu biti neprimjereni. Rad je usmjeren na modeliranje i prognoziranje volatilnosti cijene dužničkih vrijednosnih papira uzimajući u obzir komponentu njihovog dospijeća. U radu se uzima u obzir ovisnost volatilnosti dužničkog vrijednosnog papira o njegovom dospijeću i predlaže jednostavna i primjenjiva tehnike procjene volatilnosti uz željeni interval pouzdanosti. Korištenjem predloženog pristupa u radu su provedene procjene volatilnosti dužničkih vrijednosnih papira denominiranih eurima kao i u kunama koje je izdala Republika Hrvatska. ; Debt-based financial instruments are specific due to the maturity component and conventional approaches in estimating their volatility may not be applicable. This paper focuses on modeling and forecasting price volatility of sovereign debt instruments while taking into account their maturity. In doing so we propose a simple and useful technique for obtaining the desired confidence of volatility estimates. The proposed approach provides price volatility estimates for debt instruments issued by Croatian government denominated in HRK and in EUR.

The Šibenik idiom abounds in italianisms from Venetian dialect and, less so, in the words of Turkish origin. This paper gives list of Turkish words in the present Šibenik idiom, of the surnames of Turkish origin and a small number of toponyms. This materijal shows the image of the present state of an ex-border territory of the Šibenik region, after five centuries. The region and surroundings of Šibenik are full of contrasts: natives and immigrants from the coast and from behind the mountains (zagorci), štokavian and chakavian speakers. The speech of the islanders is rich in Venetian words, while in that of the z a g o r c i the words of Turkish origin prevail. As the result sometimes even three words denote one and the same thing, e.g. for the market-place: p a z a r, p i j a c a, t r ž n i c a, or two words: for dowry: d o t a and m i r a z, for pillow: k u š i n and j a s t u k, for pocket: š k a r š e l a and ž e p. Along with the great number of words of Turkish origin quite a lot of surnames, preserved until today, are of the same formation. Some of them are quite common, developed from various professions: B u n a r d ž i j a (wel-sinker), Č o b a n o v shepherd's, k a l a u z (from the Turkish military terminology meaning: guide), T e r z a n o v i ć (Turkish: terzi - terzan, meaning: tailor). A very small number of toponyms are of Turkish origin as well: B a d ž a n a (today a quite forgetten name), B u n a r i (wells, a very well known locality at the beginning of the Težačka street). This foreign penetrtion into the tissue of the Croatian language of the elder inhabitants of Šibenik took rise through centuries, particularly so following the fall of Bosnia (1463) and during 16th and 17th centuries. At the beginning the frontier between the Republic of Venice and the Turkish Empire was drawn between Vrpolje and Danilo. The Turks used to plunder the neighbourhood of Šibenik for a long time, very often they attacked the adjacent places, sometimes besieging the city for a long time. During a full, however, the border trade flourished and the Šibenik peasants used to till the Turkish fields.

This article concentrates on the political theory of Thomas Hobbes inside the European political tradition. Security is understood as a primary political good. In accordance with this, the creation of Leviathan is understood as a symbol connected to the typical process of the creation of the European state. Starting from this basic assumption, the author discuses the political theories of T. Hobbes, C. Schmitt & F. Neumann. References. Adapted from the source document.

The author analyzes the predictions of the demise of socialism in the works of H. Arendt, T. Parsons, & R. Dahrendorf. He also enumerates enduring elements on which nationalism has relied upon in modern spiritual history, defines nationalism, & looks into its influence on the Croatian political system. The author focuses on the political significance of nationalism & cautions against its dangers unless reined in by the institutions of the state of law. Adapted from the source document.

The author analyzes the predictions of the demise of socialism in the works of H. Arendt, T. Parsons, & R. Dahrendorf. He also enumerates enduring elements on which nationalism has relied upon in modern spiritual history, defines nationalism, & looks into its influence on the Croatian political system. The author focuses on the political significance of nationalism & cautions against its dangers unless reined in by the institutions of the state of law. Adapted from the source document.

Research background. The presence of insect fragments is one of the major constrains in stored food commodities and it causes considerable loss in the quality of the produce. The management of the pest is viewed as a huge challenge in foodprocessingindustry. Conventionally, the detection of Tribolium castenaum in the food processing industry is carried out by acid hydrolysis and staining methods that are time consuming and lack precision. Experimental approach. Considering the importance of a quick and effective method, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based approach was developed and elucidated in this study. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene was identified as a target due to its abundance in the pest. Specific primers were designed against the target gene by Primer Premier software and amplified in a qPCR. Results and conclusions. This method is capable of detecting all the ontogenic stages of T. castaneum in stored wheat flour. Earlier experiments had demonstrated that about 20 µg of DNA can be obtained from 2.2 mg of insects. To quantify the infestation levels, the cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained from known samples were subjected to regression analysis and expressed as adult equivalents. In the unknown samples, the infestation was calculated as 1.74 and 0.046 adult insects in 5 g of wheat flour. The maximum permissible limit of insect fragments in flour is 75 insect fragments or approx. 3 adults per 50 g of flour as per the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Hence, by adopting this new method, it is possible for the warehouse operators to arrive at a decision to proceed with efficient management practices where wheat flour is stored. Also, this method can be ratified by government agencies associated with international business to ascertain whether the wheat flour meets the standards set by the respective country before subjecting to foreign trade. Novelty and scientific contribution. This study is the first of its kind in the detection and quantification of T. castaneum in milled products. So far, only conventional methods have been employed to assess the presence of the pests and manual counting of fragments are practiced to quantify the infestation levels. The developed qPCR method is faster, reliable and can be employed in milling industries, bakery industries, food processing plants and foreign trade units for critical detection and quantification of T. castaneum pest infestation. ; Pozadina istraživanja. Prisutnost dijelova insekata u namirnicama jedno je od glavnih ograničenja pri njihovom skladištenju, te uzrokuje velike gubitke u kvaliteti proizvoda. Suzbijanje štetnika predstavlja velik izazov u prehrambenoj industriji. Tradicionalno se prisutnost kestenjastog brašnara (Tribolium castaneum) u prehrambenim proizvodima utvrđuje kiselinskom hidrolizom i metodom bojanja, koje su dugotrajne i neprecizne. Eksperimentalni pristup. Uzevši u obzir potrebu za primjenom brze i učinkovite metode određivanja prisutnosti T. castaeneum u brašnu, u radu je razvijena i opisana kvantitativna metoda koja se temelji na lančanoj reakciji polimerazom u stvarnom vremenu (qRT-PCR). Kao ciljni gen odabran je mitohondrijski gen za podjedinicu 1 citokrom c oksidaze (mtCOI) zbog njegove rasprostranjenosti u nametniku. Pomoću kompjuterskog softvera Primer Premier izrađene su početnice za umnožavanje DNA ciljane vrste metodom qRT-PCR. Rezultati i zaključci. Ovom se metodom može identificirati kestenjasti brašnar (T. castaneum) u svim fazama ontogeneze u uskladištenom brašnu. Prijašnji su eksperimenti pokazali da se iz 2,2 mg kukaca može izdvojiti otprilike 20 µg DNA. Za utvrđivanje opsega zaraze provedena je regresijska analiza broja ciklusa (Ct-vrijednost) potrebnih za određivanje poznatih uzoraka, a rezultati su izraženi kao broj odraslih kukaca. U nepoznatim je uzorcima izračunat stupanj zaraze od 1,74 odnosno 0,046 odraslih insekata u 5 g pšeničnog brašna. Prema regulativi Američke agencije za hranu i lijekove (engl. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)), najveći dopušteni broj dijelova insekata u brašnu je 75, odnosno otprilike 3 odrasla kukca u 50 kg brašna. Pomoću ove nove metode voditelji skladišta mogu donijeti odluku o tome gdje skladištiti brašno, te učinkovito provoditi plan suzbijanja ovog nametnika. Također, državne agencije koje posreduju u međunarodnom poslovanju mogu temeljem ove metode utvrditi zadovoljava li kakvoća proizvedenog pšeničnog brašna standarde zemalja kojima se ono isporučuje. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Ovo je prvo istraživanje u kojem je utvrđena količina kestenjastog brašnara T. castaneum u mljevenim žitaricama. Dosad su korištene samo konvencionalne metode utvrđivanja prisustva nametnika u brašnu, a opseg zaraze je određivan ručnim brojanjem dijelova insekata. Nova qRT-PCR metoda je brža, pouzdanija i može se koristiti u mlinarskoj i pekarskoj industriji, pogonima za preradu hrane i pri međunarodnoj trgovini za utvrđivanje opsega zaraze kestenjastim brašnarom.