A social union for Europe?
In: Schriftenreihe 31
In: Schriftenreihe 31
In: Deutsches Verwaltungsblatt: DVBL, Band 125, Heft 16, S. 1032-1033
ISSN: 0012-1363, 0012-1363
In: Review of international affairs, Band 36, S. 13-16
ISSN: 0486-6096, 0543-3657
Achievements of the Milan Summit, June 1985.
In: Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics
In: Journal of common market studies: JCMS, Band 27, Heft 3, S. 219-230
ISSN: 1468-5965
ABSTRACTThe notion of a European Monetary Union can be interpreted in different ways. To most non‐economists it probably implies a single European currency and a European central bank. To economists, however, a monetary union implies only (in the words of the 1970 Werner Plan): 'the irrevocable fixing of parities and the total liberalization of capital movements'. To others still a monetary union might be reached if there is a widely used European parallel currency. This article argues that these paradigms imply different degrees of monetary integration, and that the benefits that can be expected from a monetary union for Europe depend on the degree of monetary integration. Which paradigm should be chosen, therefore, depends on the reasons for which a monetary union for Europe is deemed desirable.
[extract] The relationship between the European Union and the citizens of Europe has been a constant matter of debate since the failure of the European Constitutional Treaty after the referendums in France and the Netherlands. The national referendum on the suggestions of the European Union concerning the Greek crisis, launched by the former Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras and the discussion of Great Britain's possible withdrawal from the EU ("Brexit") have shown that this relationship remains a crucial issue for the European Union, even or maybe especially in times of crisis. Since the failure of the Constitutional Treaty the EU has become more aware of the central role of the citizens of Europe for the success of the European Union. The sometimes sceptically termed "elite driven project" EU therefore has put a lot of effort in the so called "Europe of the citizens", trying to enhance civic participation at EU level. These efforts are part of a wider discussion concerning the so called "democratic deficit" of the EU. With the last comprehensive Reform Treaty of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), which could only come into force after the second and then positive referendum of the Irish people, the member states have tried again to redress the "democratic deficit" of the EU. One of the major improvements for the democratic legitimacy of the EU has again been – as in every EU Reform Treaty – the increase of power for the European Parliament. Besides new rules concerning the election of the European Parliament and rules to strenghten the role of national parliaments in the EU, the member states have also created a new participatory opportunity for European citizens, the European Citizens' Initiative in article 11 para. 4 TEU. With the European Citizens' Initiative the European Union gives the European citizens (consisting of a minimum number from at least 7 of the 28 member states) a tool to suggest a legislative act to the Commission.The Citizens' Initiative constitutes the first attempt to introduce an element of direct democracy in the European Union and it also represents the first attempt worldwide to introduce direct democracy into an international organization. The paper wants to adress the relationship between Europe and the European citizens from different perspectives. The first chapter shall deal with the structure of the European Union as an international organization and shall pose the question how democracy as a principle fits into that structure (I.). The chapter shall also describe the various forms of democratic elements in the European Union. The second chapter is supposed to sketch the "European citizen" as an idea of the European Union taking up the citizenship of the European Union (II.). The third chapter is dedicated to scrutinizing the participatory possibilities for European citizens (III.). In that context I also want to display some data how the new European Citizens' Initiative has been working practically so far. The summary will be able to shed some light on the relationship between Europe and the European citizen (IV.).
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In: The international spectator: a quarterly journal of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, Italy, Band 40, Heft 4, S. 59-70
ISSN: 0393-2729
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of European social policy, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 117-137
ISSN: 1461-7269
Establishing a single currency will launch the EU on a journey into the unknown. Thus while it is widely accepted that the fall-out from this decision will be far-reaching, little consensus exists on the impact on particular policy arenas. This article explores some of the main implications of monetary union for Social Europe-national systems of welfare pro vision and employment regulation. It is argued that efforts by virtually all the member states to meet the Maastricht criteria for joining the single currency club are impacting negatively on Social Europe. Moreover, with the member states signing a deflation-oriented Stability Pact, this cold climate threatens to spill over into the actual operation of the new Euro- zone. Thus the road to monetary union paved by Europe's political elite spells bad news for already beleaguered welfare and employment systems. At the same time, the article argues that a different form of monetary union is necessary to create more robust macroeco nomic foundations to Social Europe. At present, it is suggested that a big coordination deficit has emerged inside the European economy, causing an inhospitable environ ment for the social dimension in the absence of a single currency. Thus retreating to national mechanisms for economic management is rejected as an alternative project to the Maastricht plan for monetary union. Finally, the article investigates the viability of various reform paths to make the new Euro-zone more socially friendly.
In: REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, S. 13-15
In: Oxford EU financial regulation series
Capital Markets Union in Europe analyses the legal and economic implications of the European Commission's plans to form a Capital Markets Union (CMU) in Europe, which will have a major impact on financial markets and institutions both in the region and beyond. A detailed introductory chapter provides a broad overview of the various aspects and challenges of the CMU proposals, whilst thematically grouped chapters cover the following areas: (i) general aspects, (ii) Brexit, (iii) financing innovation, (iv) raising capital on the capital markets, (v) fostering retail and institutional investment, (vi) leveraging banking capacity to support the wider economy, (vii) facilitating cross-border investing, and (viii) comparative aspects of capital market integration. Written by world renowned experts in the fields of banking and capital markets, including respected academics, with broad practical experience, and leading practitioners, Capital Markets Union in Europe provides high-quality analysis of the legal and economic issues in a practical context. --
In: Routledge Revivals
part, PART I: THE NEGOTIATION OF THE FIRST WAVE OF EUROPE AGREEMENTS -- chapter Introduction -- chapter 1 Putting the Association Agreements into Theoretical Perspective -- chapter 2 The EC and the First Wave of Association Agreements: Fixing the Rules of the Game -- chapter 3 Explaining the Outcome of the First Wave of Association Agreements: Games in Multiple Arenas with Variable Payoffs -- part, PART II: THE NEGOTIATION OF THE SECOND WAVE OF EUROPE AGREEMENTS -- chapter 4 Bulgarian and Romanian Attempts to Enter the Association Game: The Response of the EC's Member States -- chapter 5 Relegation Confirmed: The Response of the EC's Institutions to the Bulgarian and Romanian Attempts to Enter the Association Game -- chapter 6 Explaining the Outcome of the Second Wave of Association Agreements: The Effects of Bargaining in an Iterated Game -- part, PART III: THE EUROPE AGREEMENTS, EASTWARDS ENLARGEMENT AND THE EU's STRATEGY IN THE BALKANS -- chapter 7 The Legacy of the Europe Agreements: Continuity and Change in the EU's Relations with Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans.
In: Foreign relations of the United States 1949,5
In: Department of State publication 8852
In: Foreign relations of the United States 1948,4
In: Department of State publication 8743
In: Foreign relations of the United States 1947,4
In: Department of State publication 8532
In: House documents Congr. 80, Session 2, No. 790
In: International journal / Canadian Institute of International Affairs, Band 43, Heft 1, S. 165
ISSN: 0020-7020