Suchergebnisse

Common Agricultural Policy has identified three priority areas for action to protect and enhance rural heritage: (i) the preservation and development of natural farming and traditional agricultural landscapes; (ii) water management and sustainable use and (iii) dealing with climate change. Measures of Rural Development Plan in EU countries promote the development of agricultural practices for preserving the environment and safeguarding the countryside. This is achieved by targeting rural development and promoting environmental friendly, sustainable practices, like agri-environment schemes. Farmers are encouraged to continue playing a positive role in the maintenance of the countryside and the environment. Changes in total emission between 1990and 2007 do not show any correlation with the total GHG emission. GHG emission was reduced in Hungary, Slovakia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, Estonia and Bulgaria, where GHG efficiency is low.

The article concerns the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The main aim was to analyse the spatial diversity of countries in terms of the degree of implementation of the strategy and the progress that countries have made in this regard. An attempt was made to assess the relative developmental disparities between countries. The methods of multivariate statistical analysis were applied. To assess the degree of implementation of the strategy a dynamic version of Hellwig's synthetic variable method was used. The analysis of the disparities between countries was made with a dynamic measure of the relative taxonomy, proposed by Wydymus. The scientific aim was to evaluate the progress made by countries in implementing the objectives of the strategy and the relative developmental disparities between Member States with particular attention to the countries that joined the EU in 2004. The study confirmed the strong differentiation of EU Member States. The majority of countries that joined the Community in 2004, has made significant progress and reduced the disparities compared to others. The countries, political leaders of EU (Germany, France, Great Britain, and Italy) have achieved rather disappointing results. Most of the countries made significant progress in achieving specific objectives such as increasing investment in R & D, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increase the use of renewable energy and reducing the number of young people do not continue education. The biggest problem remains the fight against poverty and social exclusion. The evaluation of the progress made by individual EU members can not only help to identify good practices, but also to prevent making the same mistakes. The results of the study can be used by the European Commission as well as the institutions and authorities of the different countries of the Community to evaluate the progress made and to take appropriate actions.

The 'Europe 2020 Strategy' was issued in 2010 by the European Commission. This document constitutes a growth scheme for the decade 2010-2020 that aims to help the European Union to emerge from the current crisis through the so-called smart, sustainable and inclusive dimensions of growth. In this context, the basic aim of the SIESTA ("Spatial Indicators for a 'Europe 2020 Strategy' Territorial Analysis") Project has been to illustrate the territorial dimension of the 'Europe 2020 Strategy'. In other words, to show how this document acts territorially, particularly at the regional scale, but, when possible, also at the urban level. The SIESTA Project has been funded by ESPON ("European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion"), a European Commission Programme whose mission is to support policy development in relation to the aim of territorial cohesion and a harmonious development of the European territory. This book includes most of the main findings and conclusions obtained through research of the SIESTA Project. The contents were presented and discussed as keynote addresses or communications at the SIESTA Final Conference held in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, on 4-5 April 2013.

Rural development, broadly characterized as a process to enhance the quality of life of rural residents and the economic performance of rural areas, is predominantly supported at the EU level by the CAP – particularly its second Pillar – and the Cohesion Policy. The EU policy for supporting rural development beyond 2013 is currently a topic of debate amongst stakeholders and the European Commission. Europe has a growth deficit, and according to different points of view, the excessive supports should be cut, but the primary objectives of the CAP – namely, to provide the population with quality food, to guarantee food security, to meet environmental, public and animal health requirements, and to maintain rural communities – should be maintained. The EU will have to face the economic crisis and its threats, such as poverty, market loss, decreased production in the less favored areas and fight against environmental crisis. How can be these problems solved equally? How can the environment be maintained in line with the development of rural areas? How should it be financed? Several thoughts have arisen concerning the future of the CAP, from re-nationalization of the subsidies to the conversion of the two pillars of the CAP into three pillars; the debate is not yet finished. The significance of rural development is unquestionable; deliberate objectives and measures may solve the economic, environmental, social and global challenges. This paper wishes to compare former rural policies with visions for the future. Keywords: CAP, Europe 2020 Strategy, rural development

The paper aims at analysing the macroeconomic effects of the Europe 2020 Strategy taking into account economic growth theories. The research problem relates to defining differences how various EU policies, materializing themselves through statistical indicators, impact the EU economic growth as well as how different EU member states are regarding the implementation of Europe 2020. It consists of 3 interrelated parts. The first one presents the analysis frame work, i.e. describes the theories of economic growth and methods, such as correlation analysis and cluster analysis, and a data set, i.e. GDP indicators, Europe 2020, macroeconomic imbalances, fiscal indicators and the innovation index. The second part analyses the results of correlation analysis between GDP growth rates and GDP per capita as a dependant variable and 17 other indicators. On the EU level the level of innovations, energy efficiency, current account balance and expenditures for R&D over 2000-2010 ha the strongest impact on economic growth with the correlation coefficient above 0.7. The third part presents the results of cluster analysis. The EU member states are quite different regarding the Europe 2020 indicators, thus 5 identical clusters were obtained, such as the power of Europe, Scandinavian excellence, the Southern path, the middle class Europe, the poverty Europe.

The paper aims at analysing the macroeconomic effects of the Europe 2020 Strategy taking into account economic growth theories. The research problem relates to defining differences how various EU policies, materializing themselves through statistical indicators, impact the EU economic growth as well as how different EU member states are regarding the implementation of Europe 2020. It consists of 3 interrelated parts. The first one presents the analysis frame work, i.e. describes the theories of economic growth and methods, such as correlation analysis and cluster analysis, and a data set, i.e. GDP indicators, Europe 2020, macroeconomic imbalances, fiscal indicators and the innovation index. The second part analyses the results of correlation analysis between GDP growth rates and GDP per capita as a dependant variable and 17 other indicators. On the EU level the level of innovations, energy efficiency, current account balance and expenditures for R&D over 2000-2010 ha the strongest impact on economic growth with the correlation coefficient above 0.7. The third part presents the results of cluster analysis. The EU member states are quite different regarding the Europe 2020 indicators, thus 5 identical clusters were obtained, such as the power of Europe, Scandinavian excellence, the Southern path, the middle class Europe, the poverty Europe.

The paper aims at analysing the macroeconomic effects of the Europe 2020 Strategy taking into account economic growth theories. The research problem relates to defining differences how various EU policies, materializing themselves through statistical indicators, impact the EU economic growth as well as how different EU member states are regarding the implementation of Europe 2020. It consists of 3 interrelated parts. The first one presents the analysis frame work, i.e. describes the theories of economic growth and methods, such as correlation analysis and cluster analysis, and a data set, i.e. GDP indicators, Europe 2020, macroeconomic imbalances, fiscal indicators and the innovation index. The second part analyses the results of correlation analysis between GDP growth rates and GDP per capita as a dependant variable and 17 other indicators. On the EU level the level of innovations, energy efficiency, current account balance and expenditures for R&D over 2000-2010 ha the strongest impact on economic growth with the correlation coefficient above 0.7. The third part presents the results of cluster analysis. The EU member states are quite different regarding the Europe 2020 indicators, thus 5 identical clusters were obtained, such as the power of Europe, Scandinavian excellence, the Southern path, the middle class Europe, the poverty Europe.

The paper aims at analysing the macroeconomic effects of the Europe 2020 Strategy taking into account economic growth theories. The research problem relates to defining differences how various EU policies, materializing themselves through statistical indicators, impact the EU economic growth as well as how different EU member states are regarding the implementation of Europe 2020. It consists of 3 interrelated parts. The first one presents the analysis frame work, i.e. describes the theories of economic growth and methods, such as correlation analysis and cluster analysis, and a data set, i.e. GDP indicators, Europe 2020, macroeconomic imbalances, fiscal indicators and the innovation index. The second part analyses the results of correlation analysis between GDP growth rates and GDP per capita as a dependant variable and 17 other indicators. On the EU level the level of innovations, energy efficiency, current account balance and expenditures for R&D over 2000-2010 ha the strongest impact on economic growth with the correlation coefficient above 0.7. The third part presents the results of cluster analysis. The EU member states are quite different regarding the Europe 2020 indicators, thus 5 identical clusters were obtained, such as the power of Europe, Scandinavian excellence, the Southern path, the middle class Europe, the poverty Europe.

The 'Europe 2020 Strategy' was issued in 2010 by the European Commission. This document constitutes a growth scheme for the decade 2010-2020 that aims to help the European Union to emerge from the current crisis through the so-called smart, sustainable and inclusive dimensions of growth. In this context, the basic aim of the SIESTA ("Spatial Indicators for a 'Europe 2020 Strategy' Territorial Analysis") Project has been to illustrate the territorial dimension of the 'Europe 2020 Strategy'. In other words, to show how this document acts territorially, particularly at the regional scale, but, when possible, also at the urban level. The SIESTA Project has been funded by ESPON ("European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion"), a European Commission Programme whose mission is to support policy development in relation to the aim of territorial cohesion and a harmonious development of the European territory. This book includes most of the main findings and conclusions obtained through research of the SIESTA Project. The contents were presented and discussed as keynote addresses or communications at the SIESTA Final Conference held in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, on 4-5 April 2013.

Many documents produced by the EU, including the Europe 2020 Strategy, advocate the assumption that the European Union member states will strive to achieve sustainable development, which therefore needs to be measured with comparable parameters. The research objective was to evaluate sustainable growth indicators in Poland against the background of the same indicators in the European Union, and to 'estimate' chances to achieve the objectives set in the Europe 2020 Strategy. Two hypotheses were put forward in the study: a large number of indicators analysed by the Main Statistical Office in Poland allows forecasting the achievement of Poland's objectives adopted in the Strategy; the most difficult to achieve will be the goal of financing research and development. In Poland, not all the changes were beneficial. The EU as a whole has the chance to approximate to the set value of the indicators. Both hypotheses were verified.

The topic of this research is a deeper analysis and comparison of one of the pillars of the South East Europe (SEE) 2020 Strategy ‐ SEE 2020 Strategy: Jobs and Prosperity in a European Perspective. The SEE 2020 as a regional strategy is inspired and based on EU 2020 principles, reflecting the commitment and determination of all governments in South Eastern Europe for achieving a higher level of socioeconomic growth and facilitates integration within the EU. The SEE 2020 Strategy, especially the Integrated growth pillar focuses on increased regional trade and investment flows, by strengthening cooperation and creating transparent national policies. In order to reach these targets, as well as the creation of new jobs and prosperity, key importance is placed on increased regional trade and investments that actually increase the competitiveness and integration of the region on a European and global level. The main research question of this chapter is the level and the dimension of the implementation of trade and investment integration targets in South East European countries, with the aim of increasing intra‐regional trade in goods by more than 140% and increasing the overall FDI annual inflow to the region by at least 160%. The research methodology for this chapter is a comparative analysis of quantitative data and a review of the official reports and scientific articles published last year. The authors will provide an updated overview of the situation in South East European countries with a critical analysis of different respective actions and projects needed if the SEE 2020 targets are to be achieved for the Integrated Growth Pillar. This work will add value to research in the area of trade and investments and will provide important recommendations for the further activities of policy makers.

The present paper represents a study of the competitiveness of Romania in relation to the targets of the Europe 2020 strategy, in order to draw up a current regional ranking of the competitiveness. There are significant disparities in the regional contribution to the achievement of Europe 2020 national targets, which will affect both Romania's competitive position within the European Union and its long-term evolution. The purpose of this paper is to highlight these regional differences in terms of progress in achieving the Europe 2020 targets by analyzing their evolutions in the period and at the end of the implementation program. In this respect, the Principal Component Analysis method is used to establish two regional rankings corresponding to 2016 and 2020 that illustrate their intermediate and final progress. The results show that employment rate and tertiary education are the targets with the greatest impact on the final regional score and those that most differentiate the regions between them. On the other hand, the results show the tendency of regions to diverge from some strategic targets, which will further complicate Romania's long-term competitive mission.

Since the beginning of 2010, European Commission has launched the new strategic framework for Europe, which is now known as the "Europe 2020 Strategy". This new strategy has been set as the successor of the so called "Lisbon-Gothenburg Strategy" which was set in early '00 as the strategy for Europe in the 21st century. Actually the two strategies have a lot in common. The main driving forces of Europe still remain the same and some rearrangement in the EU-wide strategic targets has been made. Of course the economic crisis that has emerged forced for a new priority that was set in the "EU 2020" strategy, but the main targeting still encompasses the three corners of the well known sustainability triangle, namely economy, environment and society. The setting of a new strategy arises some questions. Why does Europe need a new development strategy? Was the old strategy successful or not? Was every country in Europe adapted in the old strategy properly? Where there any problems in the implementation of the old strategy? What was the overall outcome of the old strategy in EU Level, in each Member State and in the regions of Europe? Is the new strategy better adjusted to cope with the development problems in European, national and regional level? Furthermore, European Commission has already asked MS to comply with the specifications of the "Europe 2020 Strategy" in the planning and implementation of the Cohesion Policy's programs in the following years (for the remaining of the 2007 - 2013 period and especially for the 2014-2020 period). This article discusses the above questions and tries to find answers on the rationale and prospects of the new strategy. Also, in a second step we give more emphasis in Greece and Greek Regions that have been not well adapted in the "Lisbon Strategy" as shown in the recent 5th Cohesion Report and other studies. Finally, the article closes with policy recommendations regarding the consistency and interaction between the "Europe 2020 Strategy" and Cohesion Policy, and also some policy recommendations for Greek regional policy and Greek regions.

Striving to become a world leader in political and economic terms, the European Union has been pursuing development policy based on the development of information society, building an innovative knowledge economy and protecting the environment and its resources for nearly two decades. The development and modernisation of the European Union and its Member States are currently dependent on the effects of the implementation of the Europe 2020 socio-economic development strategy pursued since 2010. The author of the study is interested in the prospects for the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Analysing the degree of the realisation of selected indicators of the strategy and socio-economic determinants of the development of the European Union and its Member States the author attempt to resolve the issue of the possibility of full implementation of the strategy by 2020. ; Dążąc do uzyskania pozycji światowego lidera w wymiarze politycznym i gospodarczym Unia Europejska od blisko dwóch dekad stara się realizować politykę rozwoju opartą na rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego, budowie innowacyjnej Gospodarki Opartej na Wiedzy oraz ochronie środowiska naturalnego i jego zasobów. Rozwój oraz modernizacja Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich zależą obecnie od efektów wdrażania realizowanej od 2010 r. strategii rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego Europa 2020. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora pracy są perspektywy wdrażania strategii Europa 2020. Analizując stopień realizacji wybranych wskaźników strategii oraz społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania rozwoju Unii Europejskiej i jej państw członkowskich autor opracowania próbuje rozstrzygnąć kwestię możliwości pełnego wdrożenia interesującej go strategii do roku 2020.

The 'Europe 2020 Strategy' was issued in 2010 by the European Commission. This document constitutes a growth scheme for the decade 2010-2020 that aims to help the European Union to emerge from the current crisis through the so-called smart, sustainable and inclusive dimensions of growth. In this context, the basic aim of the SIESTA ("Spatial Indicators for a 'Europe 2020 Strategy' Territorial Analysis") Project has been to illustrate the territorial dimension of the 'Europe 2020 Strategy'. In other words, to show how this document acts territorially, particularly at the regional scale, but, when possible, also at the urban level. The SIESTA Project has been funded by ESPON ("European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion"), a European Commission Programme whose mission is to support policy development in relation to the aim of territorial cohesion and a harmonious development of the European territory. This book includes most of the main findings and conclusions obtained through research of the SIESTA Project. The contents were presented and discussed as keynote addresses or communications at the SIESTA Final Conference held in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, on 4-5 April 2013.