Suchergebnisse

In the year 2015 the European Union reaches the five year period of Europe 2020 strategy implementation. Thus, the aim of the research is to group the European countries based on the level of fulfillment aims of the strategy with the application of natural breaks method. Special consideration was given to the results of New Member States of European Union. As a result in the first part of empirical research a ranking of EU countries with application of zero unitarization method for the year 2004, 2008 and 2013 was made. Based on the rankings the countries were grouped in five classes with natural breaks method. The analysis showed that in spite of economic difficulties in Europe after global financial crisis, from the year 2004 till the year 2013 New Member States had made an important progress in the implementation of Europe 2020 strategy.

In the year 2015 the European Union reaches the five year period of Europe 2020 strategy implementation. Thus, the aim of the research is to group the European countries based on the level of fulfillment aims of the strategy with the application of natural breaks method. Special consideration was given to the results of New Member States of European Union. As a result in the first part of empirical research a ranking of EU countries with application of zero unitarization method for the year 2004, 2008 and 2013 was made. Based on the rankings the countries were grouped in five classes with natural breaks method. The analysis showed that in spite of economic difficulties in Europe after global financial crisis, from the year 2004 till the year 2013 New Member States had made an important progress in the implementation of Europe 2020 strategy.

Since 2010, the European Union countries have been implementing the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy aimed at smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. The Strategy formulates nine indicators that are systematically monitored and assessed. Not all the indicators of the Europe 2020 Strategy could be used in the analysis in a direct way. Due to the limited availability and comparability of statistical data, this problem is presented in detail in part 2 of the article. The assessment of the achievement level of the Europe 2020 Strategy targets, both at the level of the entire European Union (the EU-level targets approach) and its individual Member States (the national-level targets approach) is the primary research purpose of the study. The composite index proposed and constructed on the basis of a dynamic relative taxonomy was used in the conducted research to present the diversified distance of the individual European Union countries in relation to the EU-level targets as well as the national-level targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The research methodology allows conducting the analysis taking into account the missing data. Most methods of ordering objects based on aggregate measures are compensatory in nature. This problem was significantly reduced by taking into account the geometric mean in the construction of the aggregate measure. The research findings revealed that in the years 2010–2019 an ongoing improvement in the implementation of both the EU and the national targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy was observed. In addition, the differences existing between the European Union Member States were reduced. However, none of the countries achieved the EU-level targets. Their highest implementation level was recorded in Denmark, Sweden, Austria, and Finland. The achievement level of the strategic goals regarding the national-level targets was influenced by the choice of one of the two approaches indicated in the study and adopted by the individual EU Member States in determining the set target values of the indicators, i.e., either prudential or optimistic.

This article asks how ideas have mattered for the establishment of policy goals for the Europe 2020 Strategy. I argue that despite the specification of new environmental and social targets, the overall policy goals of Europe 2020 remain consistent with the 2000 Lisbon Agenda because the European Council and the European Commission have had resilient causal beliefs about the challenges of globalization, as well as the appropriate responses to these challenges. Using Alan Jacobs's theory of mental models and attention heuristics, this article describes the connection between neo-schumpetarian ideas and the policy outcomes of Europe 2020, particularly in the domains of innovation and education policy. Establishing this connection is an essential first step to explain precisely how ideas can determine and maintain the policy preferences of particular EU actors, a direction for future research.

This article asks how ideas have mattered for the establishment of policy goals for the Europe 2020 Strategy. I argue that despite the specification of new environmental and social targets, the overall policy goals of Europe 2020 remain consistent with the 2000 Lisbon Agenda because the European Council and the European Commission have had resilient causal beliefs about the challenges of globalization, as well as the appropriate responses to these challenges. Using Alan Jacobs's theory of mental models and attention heuristics, this article describes the connection between neo-schumpetarian ideas and the policy outcomes of Europe 2020, particularly in the domains of innovation and education policy. Establishing this connection is an essential first step to explain precisely how ideas can determine and maintain the policy preferences of particular EU actors, a direction for future research. Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.217

Purpose: The essence of the "Europe 2020" initiative, that is, the strategy for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth, is an attempt at creating conditions fostering long-term sustainable economic growth in the European Union. To this end, economies based on knowledge, promoting environment-friendly technologies must be built in the member states of the Community, at the same time taking care to maintain social and territorial cohesion. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper contains a long-term analysis of selected indicators concerning climate policy in the period 2000-2018 and an assessment of their accomplishment. This paper aims at verifying the hypothesis that prolonged problems in accomplishing "20/20/20" targets related to climate and energy, that is, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% in comparison to 1990, increasing the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption to 20% and increasing the energy efficiency by 20%, undermine the success and timely accomplishment of certain priorities of the Strategy. Findings: Due to the relatively high level of greenhouse gas emissions and a high consumption of conventional energy in comparison to renewable energy, the Strategy requires a longer time horizon to be implemented successfully. In the European Community one can see a division into western countries of the Community and countries of the former Eastern bloc. Delayed technological, social, and financial development in the countries of the former Eastern bloc and insufficient awareness of the European and global climate policy may postpone the common efforts to accomplish the objectives of Europe 2020 Strategy beyond the projected time horizon. Originality/Value: It has boosted the process of building a knowledge-based economy and attempting to create conditions to reduce the share of greenhouse gases, reduce energy consumption and improve climate and energy indicators. ; peer-reviewed

People are the main asset of the European Union (EU) and the key to the creation and transfer of knowledge, i.e. they constitute one of the factors determining the innovation potential of each society. Investment in education and training is a decisive factor in competitiveness, sustainable development and employment within the EU, which significantly affects the quality of life. The aim of this article is to assess the position of the Czech Republic (CZ) in an international comparison based on EU indicators in the field of education and to evaluate the involvement of Czech organizations in the process of lifelong learning. The evaluation of data has shown that the CZ is below the EU average in most of the indicators set out in the Europe 2020 strategy; however, in the CZ there is an ongoing change in the structure of education, the level of achieved education is gradually incresing. The results of the primary research indicate that the organizations that systematically plan educational activities and greatly exceed the expected rate are primarily large, international and state organizations.

The Europe 2020 strategy, the main instrument for implementing the Lisbon Treaty, has emerged from the impact that the economic and financial crisis has had on the European economy. Through this strategy, the European Union pursues the progress of the concepts of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, but also of social dialogue. The European model envisages both the perpetuation of economic growth, while respecting long-term sustainability and sustainability, and the adaptation of Member States and the EU to new economic realities (globalization, climate change and an aging population). Europe 2020, with the help of the instruments used, managed to strengthen the way of supervising the activities, carried out in the pre-existing framework, respectively the analysis of negative externalities which allowed it to take measures to avoid the lack of immediate reactions from member countries. Monitoring the strategy is an impetus for Member States to meet EU targets.

From the majority of European Union documents it explicitly follows that innovations are a key to the economic future of Europe. Innovativeness, understood as a propensity to create new or modernize the existing solutions, and the ability to absorb foreign scientific or technological achievements, is extremely important for the Polish economy. Unfortunately, both innovation activity of enterprises and the results obtained in this field by the Polish economy have not been satisfactory so far. The main purpose of this study is to present the issue of innovation in Polish enterprises, significantly influenced by intellectual capital. It is commonly known that all intangible assets possessed by a society, i.e. all the components of intellectual capital, including human, structural and social assets, currently play an important role in the process of creating innovation. The analysis of the relation between the innovativeness of economic entities and the quality of Poland's intellectual capital was done in the light of the basic assumptions of the renewed Lisbon Strategy and the Europe 2020 Strategy.