Suchergebnisse

The debate about the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) has, in essence, been about borders and bordering. Such departures often contribute to rather fixed geopolitical visions of what the EU is about and how it aims at running and organising the broader European space. In contrast, this paper aims at retaining space for viewing the ENP as a developmental and somewhat fluid process. A conceptual framework, based on the outlining of three geopolitical models and a series of different geostrategies employed by the EU in regard to its borders, is hence utilized in order to tell a more dynamic story regarding the developing nature of the ENP and the EU's evolving nature more generally. The complexity traced informs that various geostrategies may be held at the same time at the external border. Moreover, the dominance of one geostrategy may be replaced by another or a different combination of them with regard to the same neighbourhood. It is, more generally, argued that if anything it is precisely this dynamism that should be championed as a valuable resource and as such avoiding the tendency to close off options through the reification of particular visions of the nature of the EU and ist borders.

The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) which can be viewed as the most significant geopolitical project of the European Union (EU) after 2004 enlargement, also constitutes one of the key issues of the external agenda of the Union. The ENP is a new policy initiated in 2003 and implemented in 2005 and it offers a new partnership between the enlarged EU and wider Europe, the latter including both the EU's old Southern neighbours and the new Eastern ones as well as the Southern Caucasus countries. Central to this partnership is the notion of shared values, economic benefits, cooperation against security challenges or simply said, sharing everything but institutions. Indeed, what the ENP offers to these neighbours is a closer relationship which is compatible with increased interdependence and common needs of a wider Europe, yet short of EU membership. Even though the ENP is inspired by the instruments and mechanisms of EU enlargement, the policy aims at preventing or postponing a new wave of enlargement for the Union. As for the neighbours, commitment to shared values and how to sustain such commitment with required political and economic reforms in the absence of an eventual membership remains a major dilemma.

ÖZETBu tezin ana sorunsalı Avrupa bütünleşmesi kapsamında, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası'nın bir dış politika aracı olarak işlevinin doğru bir şekilde ortaya koyulmasıdır. Tezin araştırması; "Avrupa Birliği, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası'nı çevresinde gücünü maksimize etmek için kullandığı jeostratejik bir araç mı yoksa çevresini stabilize etmek ve değiştirmek için kullandığı bir sosyalizasyon aracı mıdır?" sorusu üzerine kurulmuştur. Metodolojik olarak, iki sistemik teori olan neorealizm ve konstrüktivizm Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası örneğine uygulanmış ve tezin bölümlerinde "ne", "neden" ve "nasıl" soruları sorularak politikanın üç boyutlu bir resmi çekilmeye çalışılmıştır.Tezin ilk bölümünde, "Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası nedir" sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Burada kavramsal olarak "komşuluk" tanımı üzerinde durulmuş daha sonra politikanın gelişimi, amaçları ve araçları ele alınmıştır. Bu bölümün ikinci kısmında ise politikanın alanı coğrafi ve tematik olarak incelenmiştir. Tezin ikinci bölümünde, "Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası neden yaratılmıştır?" sorusuna genel olarak yanıt aranmaktadır. Genişleme ve enerji ilişkileri bu bölümde iki ayrı temel değişken olarak ele alınmıştır.Tezin üçüncü bölümünde ise, "Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası süreci nasıl işlemektedir?" sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. AB sosyal yapısının çevresine sosyalizasyon ve modernizasyonu nasıl ihraç ettiği sorunsalı "demokrasi ihracı" ve "sınır etkileşimleri" örnekleri üzerinden analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bölümde ele alınan tüm süreçler iki yönlü bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir.*Avrupa Birliği *Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası *Neorealizm *Konstrüktivizm ABSTRACTIn this thesis, the main problematic is to put forward the function of European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) as a foreign policy tool in the framework of European integration in an appropriate way. The research question of the thesis is whether the EU uses ENP as a geostrategic tool to maximize its power in the periphery, or as a modernization and a socialization tool to stabilize and change the region. In this thesis, two systemic theories, namely, constructivism and neorealism, have been applied for the case of ENP and the questions of "what", "why" and "how" are asked to take a three dimensional picture of the policy.In the first part, the question of 'what is neighbourhood policy' is answered. In the first chapter of this part, genesis of the concept 'neighbourhood' is considered. After the conceptualization part, the development, tools and aims of the European Neighbourhood Policy is explained. Moreover, the scope of the policy is analyzed under the titles of thematic and geographic.In the second part, the 'why-questions' are asked and the reasons lying behind the creation of the ENP is questioned in neorealist perspective. The evolution of the ENP is focused in the framework of power struggle between the great powers in the sense of balance of power. In this international environment the EU is considered as a sub-system and the relationship between the sub-system and international system is assessed. In the chapter of field of activity, the cases of 'widening' and 'energy relations' are examined.In the third part, how-questions are asked and the process of ENP is examined in constructivist perspective. In this part, the EU is considered as a social structure and it is objected to find out how to categorize the agents of the ENP and how the democracy promotion capacity of the EU, in the region in the case of the ENP could be measured and how the ENP could have an impact on stability and change in the defined area. With the cases of democracy promotion and border relations, the effect of the ENP and the socialization process are tried to be measured.*European Union *European Neighbourhood Policy *Neorealism *Constructivism

Chan Wai Shun. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-216). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.III ; 緒論 --- p.IV ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.V ; TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.VII ; ABBREVIATIONS / LIST OF TABLES / LISTS OF FIGURES --- p.XII ; Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Policy Background --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions and Hypotheses --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Conceptualization of Terms --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thematic Framework of the Whole Dissertation --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Methodology and Research Limitations --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.5.1 --- The Selection of Case --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.5.2 --- The Articulation of Narratives and Discourses --- p.17 ; Chapter 1.5.3 --- The Source of Narratives and Discourses --- p.18 ; Chapter 1.5.4 --- The Methodological Limitations --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.6 --- Potential Contributions --- p.21 ; Chapter 1.6.1 --- Contributions to Academic Community --- p.21 ; Chapter 1.6.2 --- Contributions to the Diplomatic Community --- p.23 ; Chapter 1.7 --- Chapter Summary and the Preview of the Dissertation --- p.24 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- A THEORETICAL REVIEW ON EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.1 --- IR Theories and their Application in European Neighbourhood Policy --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- Realism and its Variation --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- Liberal Institutionalism and Liberal Intergovernmentalism --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- Constructivism and its Application --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Problems of the Traditional IR Theories --- p.34 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Maltreatment of Bargaining Game within EU --- p.35 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Maltreatment of EU Polity --- p.37 ; Chapter 2.2.3 --- The Maltreatment of EU Foreign Policy --- p.38 ; Chapter 2.3 --- From IR ThEories to Policy-oriented Analysis --- p.40 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Enlargement Experience of the Usual Reference --- p.41 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Cross-pillar Characteristics of ENP ...

The paper discusses the current and potential role of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in anchoring economic reforms in the countries of the EU's Eastern Neighbourhood. It claims that it is too early to assess the success of the ENP in this sphere especially given that the actual progress of the ENP agenda has been limited. A review of the empirical evidence on external reform anchors confirms that the ENP shares some features with the EU accession process that has proven to be an effective mechanism supporting major economic, political and social changes in the countries concerned. The eventual ENP economic offer is meaningful and integration with the EU is getting stronger public support in several CIS countries and among their political elites. On the other hand several factors limit the reform anchoring potential of the ENP. This paper offers recommendations on policies that could strengthen this potential.

The purpose of this article is to explore the future of the EU's Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in terms of its objectives. In order to do this, the reasons behind this policy tool, its structure, and the changes it brought to the EU's relationships with its neighbours are analyzed. The article investigates the areas in which the ENP has been successful and pinpoints the deficiencies which have lead to its failure in other areas. The analysis concludes that the ENP has enhanced the EU's role in the international arena and improved the credibility of its foreign, security and defence policies despite the fact that it is still a very new policy. Nevertheless, the policy is by no means perfect and there exists scope for further improvement in terms of its effectiveness. ; peer-reviewed

This Working Paper offers a selection of the papers which were presented during the Workshop on "The European Neighbourhood Policy – A Framework for Modernisation?", which was held on 1-2 December 2006 at the European University Institute of Florence under the auspices of the Academy of European Law. In particular, this Working Paper intends to explore from a trans-disciplinary perspective the objectives and instruments which have been devised in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and to consider in this light the capacity of the policy to promote a fundamental process of modernisation in the target countries. This is done in the conviction that a reconsideration of the coherence between instruments and objectives of the ENP is particularly urgent and it is likely to affect not only the effectiveness of the policy itself, but also the ability of the EU to create a circle of friends around its borders and, ultimately, its position in the international arena. To achieve this task, we have brought together the viewpoints of lawyers, political scientists and economists as they look at the wide range of questions prompted by the ENP. The first part of this volume is devoted to the analysis of the Objectives of the ENP. In this framework, a first paper will scrutinise the expectations from the new policy, then 5 more papers will examine the 3 major articulated objectives of the policy: stability, prosperity and security. The second part of the volume is focused on the Instruments of ENP. In particular, 3 papers will focus on legislative approximation and on the analysis of the tools which have been used in order to promote an unprecedented process of Europeanisation which goes far beyond the European continent. The last 2 papers have been devoted to the consideration of bilateralism-multilateralism and to the scrutiny of solutions which can be envisaged legally to develop the partnership with neighbouring countries in the framework of the ENP.

This study examines the effectiveness of the EU's efforts to improve labour standards among its neighbouring countries through its market integration-based regulatory governance approach. We consider the European Neighbourhood Policy as a critical case for assessing the prospects and limitations of the EU's broader agenda to promote non-trade related policy objectives through its trade policy. Using a combination of regression and comparative analysis (in Moldova and Morocco), we show that upgrading in conditionality, assistance and dialogue can contribute to improvements in labour standards, albeit with significant shortcomings. In the absence of greater EU commitment towards strengthening domestic institutions, engaging labour organizations and adopting a problemsolving approach, EU-led improvements on the books will not result in changes on the ground. Even formal changes will be restricted to areas that are compatible with other major EU policy objectives, such as market integration, political and human rights. In this context, improvements at the implementation level have been facilitated to some extent by supplementary initiatives by labour organizations, albeit within the constraints of weak state capacity. ; "The project leading to this paper received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 770680 (RESPECT)"

The aim of this paper is to highlight the main aspects regarding the rational choice theory in neo-institutionalism, and the role the EU Neighbourhood Policy has nowadays. The protagonist of the rational choice theory in the new institutionalism remains homo-economicus. The theory of rational choice institutionalism challenges the perfect rationality of the individual, rather than the principle of rational choice itself. ENP is a framework for consolidating the Union's relations with neighbouring countries and aims therefore intensifying cooperation with them in order to establish a zone of prosperity, good neighbourliness, stability and security.

In the past, the European Union (EU) has established partnership agreements to strengthen co-operation with its neighbouring countries. In 2004, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was put in place with the objectives of avoiding the emergence of new frontier divisions between the enlarged EU and its immediate neighbours, and at the same time creating the conditions to strengthen peace, prosperity and stability to all countries involved. The ENP has turned into a unified policy framework for the EU's neighbours, offering preferential economic and political relations in exchange for the recipient countries' adherence to the Union's principles. The ultimate aim of the ENP is to strengthen the prosperity, stability and security of the EU by creating a 'ring of friends' around the EU's political border.

Under what conditions can the European Neighbourhood Policy achieve one of its main objectives: to resolve conflicts in the European Union's neighbourhood? In the spirit of Montesquieu and Monnet, the basic hypothesis of the EU is that closer economic integration encourages governments to take steps to resolve conflicts and vice versa, creating a virtuous circle of prosperity and detente. The EU has a strong motive in this, since conflicts in its neighbourhood spill-over into the EU itself. The paper identifies some factors important for success, including the existence of active facilitators of compromise, strong intraregional trade, and the prospect of accession to the EU. It concludes that the EU's Member States must give conflict resolution greater priority in the European Neighbourhood Policy and provide stronger means, larger resources and better incentives if this goal is to be realised.

This study aims to analyze the role of the European Union in international dispute settlement, focusing on the European Neighbourhood Policy. The study includes an analysis of the Article 8 of the Treaty on European Union, the position and placement of this provision in the European Union Treaties after the Lisbon Treat as well as the comparison of this new settlement's previous position of Article 8 of the TEU and its new reflections. The legal framework provides a broad perspective on the relationship of the Common Foreign and Security Policy with the European Neighbourhood Policy. This study will focus on: the reasons for the inclusion or not of this policy in the Common Foreign and Security Policy; the analysis whether the European Neighbourhood Policy has a common goal with the Common Foreign and Security Policy for resolving international conflicts; and it will also investigate the main aim of this policy, if it is the international or neighborhood disputes settlement, or conflict resolution is simply a random placement of this Policy. Furthermore, an important issue to be addressed is whether or not representing the European Neighbourhood Policy is an effective mechanism for resolving disputes, if there was an effective instrument in concrete conflict resolution presented to recent years. DOI:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2p53

This paper offers an overview of the key research projects that have examined the various impacts of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The paper focuses on the impact of the ENP on trade, migration, innovation and institutional and cultural diversity, and social capital. The majority of empirical literature concerning the ENP has focused on trade. Migration has received attention to a lesser extent. There are a few studies on innovation in the ENP countries, and no studies explicitly examine the role of the ENP on the institutional environment, cultural diversity and social capital on innovation. In all these research projects, three key gaps can be identified which are most relevant for the SEARCH project. Firstly, most projects do not examine the effect of specific policy measures, but only give an overall analysis of the impact of all policies that have been implemented in a time period. Secondly, almost all studies focus on a national level in their analysis. Rarely is the subnational level considered. Thirdly, most of the reforms carried out due to the ENP are very recent, and most studies do not have data that is recent enough to evaluate the impact of these reforms. The specific gaps as identified in this paper can inform further empirical studies of the SEARCH project.

Раздел "Международное право" ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению недавней совместной инициативы Европейской комиссии и Высокого представителя Европейского союза по внешней политике и политике безопасности по пересмотру Европейской политики соседства с целью более эффективной реализации данной политики и более тесного вовлечения всех стран-партнеров. Автор анализирует структуру коммуникаций между ними, а также рассматривает новые подходы, нацеленные на стабилизацию соседства посредством построения более тесного партнерства через экономическое развитие и торговлю, усиление безопасности в регионе и противодействие международной преступности. На основании результатов данного анализа автором выдвинуты рекомендации по дальнейшему обсуждению в процессе создания нового механизма взаимодействия в рамках Европейской политики соседства между странами-партнерами и ЕС. = The article is devoted to the recent joint initiative of the European Commission and the High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to review the European Neighbourhood Policy in order to ensure its more effective implementation and greater involvement of all the partners. The author analyses the structure of the communication and new approaches aimed at stabilizing the neighbourhood, building stronger partnerships through the economic development and trade, strengthening the security of the region and combating the international crime. Based on the result of this analysis some recommendations are made for further consideration in the process of forming a new mechanism of cooperation within the ENP between the partner countries and the EU.

Inspired by the experience of Eastern enlargement, much of the academic debate on EU external relations and the European neighbourhood policy conceives of external influence in terms of the Union's ability to induce third countries' adaptation to predetermined EU norms and regulations. This article introduces a more structural perspective on EU external influence that scru- tinizes the institutional extension of sector-specific governance frameworks beyond EU membership. Whereas the traditional notion of influence only focuses on the shift of the EU's regulatory boundary, extended governance involves also the opening up of organizational structures within the relevant policy field. These new forms of horizontal flexible integration are made possible through the internal flex- ibilization of the modes of policy-making within the EU, and, in particular, the advent of network governance. Despite its integrative potential, case studies from three policy sectors also document that, under current circumstances, extended network governance is not void of hegemonic traits.