Suchergebnisse

Published online: 22 Jan 2018 ; Immigrant investor programmes (IIPs) have mushroomed around the world in recent years. Focusing on the EU context, where each Member State has at least one legal mechanism for granting residence or citizenship rights in exchange for investment, this paper has a twofold objective. First, it seeks to develop a typology of IIPs on the grounds of investment amounts and status obligations. Second, the paper applies this typology to map and examine IIPs in the EU. Rather than looking in detail at the politics of investment-based migration in each country, this study identifies general conditions across states that enable different types of IIPs to develop.

Turkey's relationship with the EU is long-standing and this relationship appears to never lead to the membership of Tıırkey to the EU. An important aspects of the EU is cconomic and it has been progressing towards a unique political structure, which cannot be captured completely by any organisational model of international economics, becoming a self-sufficient entity. In light of this, this article aims to seek evidence that Turkey's economy is dependent on the trade with the EU to a great extent, and not necessarily vice versa. The article draws on evidence from the detailed examination of trade relations between Turkey and the EU over a Iong period from both parties' perspectives. it is evident that the EU has been the largest and most important trading partner of Turkcy over the years. As such, it is suggested that Turkey cannot afford to be outside the enlargement process of the EU. Given that the long-standing relationship with Turkey, the EU also has shown willingness to improve its economic relations with Turkey as a useful trading partner.

Maintaining an awareness of the developments within spiritual care and chaplaincy in Scotland, the UK and in Europe is a challenge. In previous issues we have endeavoured to keep readers informed and have featured articles on registration of chaplains, standards and competencies for spiritual and religious care, agenda for change, and other key topics. With the permission of the European Network of Healthcare Chaplaincy and Fr. Stavros Kofinas (consulting editor) we are pleased to bring you details of recent developments with the European Union.

.This research has a double aim. On the one hand, to introduce the International Insertion Quality (IIQ) construct. On the other hand, to present a classification of the European Union (EU-27) countries to establish which of them have a better IIQ. For this purpose, first, the IIQ construct is presented. Second, the evolution of the exports technological intensity degree of the EU-27 countries between the periods 2001-2003 and 2015-2017 is analyzed. Then, the evolution of the exports' diversification degree, both, by products and by destination markets in the same periods, is studied. This allows to observe in perspective the qualitative changes that have taken place between the two reference periods. In addition, a classification matrix of countries according to their quality of insertion in international trade is presented. The results allow arguing that Germany and France are the countries that have a higher IIQ. Also, there are nations that have a high technological content, but moderate markets diversification and/or products concentration; and other countries that have geographical and/or goods diversification, despite the fact that their exports contain a medium-low-level of technological intensity. This research allows concluding which EU-27 countries should work on their commercial policies to encourage the diversification of their exports and/or the development of products with greater technological content.