A soft Brexit scenario will include an implementation period from the day the UK formally leaves the EU to 31 December 2020. During the implementation period, the UK will continue to be functionally treated as an EU member state and remain a party to EU international agreement. Associated with the ASEAN single market, should be considered the readiness of Indonesian regulations and legislations that in sectorial concerns at least three aforementioned legal instruments to be harmonized with the laws of the ASEAN countries. Important findings were shown by the research from the perspectives of business law, especially, capital investment law, intellectual property and international trade law that Brexit has significant impact for the EU itself, Indonesia and also AEC.
This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.
This paper examines the recruitment and retention activities implemented by worker unionsin companies. With the purpose of revealing the process of recruitment and retention of members, qualitative method with case study approach was employed to the Pengurus Unit Kerja (PUK) under Federasi Serikat Pekerja Tekstil, Sandang, Kulit Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia (FSP TSK SPSI) in Surabaya.This paper reveals practices of recruitment and retention done by leader of PUKs and employers' attitude perceived by the leader of PUKs and other affecting factor of PUKs relevant to recruitment and retention activities. This paper benefits for the other subsequent relevant researches as diverse findings concerning methods, environment, and resulting in recruiting and retenting done by leaders of PUKs. This will also help union leaders, employer, employee relations researchers, and government in doing their activities pertinent to the relevant roles and duties. Moreover, the implementation of recruitment and retention process in PUKs is valuable for the development of the discipline of human resource management.
This study is a survey on Credit Union (CU) Cikal Mas Purwokerto and BaitutTamwil Muhammadiyah (BTM) Dana Mentari Patikraja members in Banyumas. Theaims of this study are to determine: (1) The differences of financial literacy levels between CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members at thethree aspects i.e. behaviors, knowledge and attitudes, (2) The level of sharia aspectsknowledge of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members, (3) The implementation of interest system of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharingsystem of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja.The population in this study are individuals in Banyumas who grouped into twogroups, i.e. the members of Credit Union Cikal Mas Purwokerto and the members ofBaitut TamwilMuhammadiyah Dana Mentari Patikraja. There were 60 respondentstaken in this study which consisted of 30 respondents for each group. Based on the research and analysis of data using different test Mann Whitney U showed that: (1)Thereare differences between the financial literacy levels of CU Cikal Mas Purwokertomembers and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members viewed from three aspects: behaviors, knowledge and attitudes,(2) The level of sharia aspects knowledge of BTMDana Mentari Patikraja members are relatively low, (3) The implementation of interest system in CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto as according to the theory that the loan interest relatively smaller than the saving interest, it known based on interview with managers of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharing system in BTM Dana Mentari Patikrajaas according to the theory used by Islamic financial institutions that profit sharing agreement to both parties when the contract is underway.
Cakrawala : Jurnal Penelitian Sosial. Vol. III No. 2 Nopember 2014, p. 249-268 ; European economic integration and unity of this currency leaves form a very significant ketergantungan among its members, so that a crisis was enough to shake the stability between the countries members of the other. Basically the single currency system seems to be double-edged blade for the European Union. On the one hand so profitable and increase the bargaining positions of European countries, but on the other hand is potentially detrimental. One reason is because of the level of adaptation of a State. Not all countries have a great economy to enter the euro zone. The existence of this single currency system to make the countries in the European Union will become vulnerable to a crisis. This is what led to the crisis that occurred since 2008 is so easily spread to countries in Europe. This research focuses on the policy decision taken by the third country in the European Union, namely Germany, France and the United Kingdom. Domestic political factors of history, and also the economic power of these countries also affect how the policy making process to rescue Greece from the crisis that is increasingly spreading to other European countries. The main purpose of the discussion of this paper is to provide new information concerning the handling of crisis from a process whereby policies domestic factors also gives countries a great influence, it also gives a view that Constructivist Theory is able to provide a view of the case.
United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country. ; United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.
Technological developments are booming. Game or game use is particularly helpful in the learning process. At a time when materials are familiar with the countries of asean students will be more likely to get bored because the state map introduction, the capital and naturalness are only in the books, the need for a learning medium to be used by teachers so that students do not get bored quickly. The purpose of research is to make teachers easier in delivery of materials and easier students to study asean's introduction materials. The educational game was developed using multimedia development life cycle, as the result of the MDLC method (multimedia development life cycle), a introduction to countries in the asean program that matches the 2013 curriculum. The survey of 30 respondents scored an average of 92.19%, thereby falls into a category strongly in favor of the "educational introduction to asean state for siosswa middle school vii for android based" to be adopted as an alternative medium
This study aims to gather information and analyze in-depth about the public perception on the green buying in Indonesia. The analysis focus on each of the community groups, ie group of professionals, group of housewives, and group of young people. These three groups are expected to represent the green buying behavior of today's society. Research is conducted by using qualitative research approach, using the technique of in-depth interviews in data collection. This study finds that people have different 'green' buying behavior. Professional groups are the groups most concerned in it, while the groups who are less concerned with green buying are groups of housewives, normally they reasoned that the purchase of green products are very expensive. The great expectation for environmentally conscious and green buying behavior is on groups of young people (students). Generally, young people have a great desire to behave in green if later they are already working and earning enough to buy green products which are generally more expensive than the regular products. Future expectations are that these research findings can be used as a reference by the government in environmental policy making, as well as benefits to the company/organization in offering products that are environmentally friendly.
The profession of migrant workers in some cases bring the person concerned to get the treasures expected success, but not rarely contain a number of risks that need to get the attention of government authorities. A number of problems that might be experienced when Indonesian Labor not available works. Therefore it takes a model economic empowerment for the labor of Indonesia, when he returned to his country was able to survive and improve the well-being of himself and of his family. This research aims to know the role of zakah's institution towards the empowerment of Indonesia's labor and to devise appropriate empowerment model for Indonesian Workforce by Institution of Zakah. Data analysis was done with a qualitative approach. Analytical techniques in the study will be conducted with qualitative analysis approach, a case study of eksplanation to explain how the empowerment model right for Indonesia in Labor Studies. Based on the data and the results of the analysis that has been done can be known that Dompet Dhuafa has role in Indonesia Workforce empowerment. The empowerment Model implemented by Dompet Dhuafa form the Groove program that may help the former workforce of Indonesia after plunging back to life in his native region. Former Indonesian workforce empowerment meant to monitor and nurture the entrepreneurial activities are continuously carried out by former Indonesian labor so that it can be a permanent effort.
Musyarakah Mutanaqishah is one of akad which has minor risk compared to the other akad that is commonly implemented by sharia banking. In Musyarakah Mutanaqisah contract of cooperation Musyarakah Mutanaqishah can be done in various commercial business activities, with the form of business that is shariah compliant, among others; the principle of buying and selling, and renting rent. The important point is to be aware of that Musyarakah Mutanaqisah creates ownership in the form of a stationary asset, the parties in the union are not allowed to sell the portion of the assets owned to the other party outside the union without permission from other members of the union. Because, when members of the union sell their portions to the outside of the Union, there is a right to the members of the long-standing member of the assets that have been purchased by new members of the union. When the rights of Syuf'ah are applied, there is a worry that the parties are harmed. Based on this background, the author examines the right of Syuf'ah in Musyarakah Mutanaqishah contract. Based on the results of the study of the rules of agreement Musyarakah Mutanaqishah, based on theories and the rules of Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia do not discuss the rules regarding the prohibition of parties in the union move or sell to other parties outside the union. But the implementation of this agreement on Sharia banking, the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan regulates the standard application of Musyarakah Mutanaqisah product. In the standard book the application of musyarakah Mutanaqishah products, arranged in relation to Negative Covenant clause. In drafting a financing agreement contract with the Musyarakah Mutanaqisah scheme, the bank should bind customer not to divert and surrender the portion of the customer's ownership to the other party, either in whole or in part. The author hopes the rule of application of this agreement is also noticed by other financial institutions, especially non-bank financial institutions in its transaction also implementing Musyarakah Mutanaqisah contract.
Hungary has become a party to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees which requires it to adhere to the principle of non-refoulment towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East who came to the country in 2015. However, in reality Hungary has implemented a policy of detaining and returning refugees even by repressive means. This policy also clearly contradicts the principle of protection against refugees and the policies of the European Union (EU) in which Hungary is a member. The policies taken by Hungary cannot be separated from domestic factors that influence the choice of the Hungarian government to take policies that are contrary to the binding Convention and EU policy. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer what domestic factors influenced Hungary's policies towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East in the 2015-2019 period. This paper uses qualitative methods with data sources obtained from literature studies on various aspects of Hungarian domestic politics. The argument in this study is that Hungarian policy towards refugees and migrants is influenced by domestic factors related to elite interests as a strategy to win political battles in the country related to Viktor Orban's ideas of national identity as the Prime Minister of Hungary as well as leader of the ruling party Fidesz, the dynamics of Hungarian domestic politics. and the strengthening of right-wing populism advocated by Fidesz's party. ; Hungary has become a party to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees which requires it to adhere to the principle of non-refoulment towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East who came to the country in 2015. However, in reality Hungary has implemented a policy of detaining and returning refugees even by repressive means. This policy also clearly contradicts the principle of protection against refugees and the policies of the European Union (EU) in which Hungary is a member. The policies taken by Hungary cannot be separated from domestic factors that influence the choice of the Hungarian government to take policies that are contrary to the binding Convention and EU policy. Therefore, this paper seeks to answer what domestic factors influenced Hungary's policies towards refugees and migrants from the Middle East in the 2015-2019 period. This paper uses qualitative methods with data sources obtained from literature studies on various aspects of Hungarian domestic politics. The argument in this study is that Hungarian policy towards refugees and migrants is influenced by domestic factors related to elite interests as a strategy to win political battles in the country related to Viktor Orban's ideas of national identity as the Prime Minister of Hungary as well as leader of the ruling party Fidesz, the dynamics of Hungarian domestic politics. and the strengthening of right-wing populism advocated by Fidesz's party.
This study analyzes the success of the Indonesian Farmers Union (SPI) in the peasant rights struggle during 2001 - 2016. This study uses the social movement integration aprproach which is an attempt to synthesize three dimensions / approaches: the structure of political opportunity; structure of social mobilization; and cultural framing. This study uses qualitative research methods with study case approach. The research data is sourced from interviews and documents and literature related to this study. The analysis indicates that the success of SPI in peasant rights struggles in 2001 - 2018 can be seen from the ratification of 'Declaration Peasant Rights and Other People Working in Rural Area' or UNDROP at the International level. This success can't be separated from the role of each dimension / approach, namely a combination of factors of political openness in Indonesia, the success of the SPI in networking alliances at various levels (local-international), and the construction of ideas on the rights of farmers that can be accepted universal.
The occupation of the city of Marawi in the southern Philippines and a series of terrorist attacks in Indonesia which followed it demonstrate that terrorism is a persistent and enduring threat to Southeast Asian security, despite the governments' concerted efforts on countering terrorism since 9/11 and the Bali Bombings in 2002 and 2005. Security specialists and defence officials in the region believe that ASEAN has to intensify its cooperation to address the challenge of terrorism through the use of military forces. This article, however, claims that the militarised counterterrorism has no institutional, normative and practical basis within ASEAN's main security structure, the APSC. This is followed by dual implications for the broader security agendas, affecting democratisation and sharpening mistrust among ASEAN states which challenges ASEAN centrality in regional security affairs.
This article aims to test competing explanations about the US foreign aid policy, namely interest-driven theory, humanitarian theory, and domestic political theory. Using longitudinal data on the amount of Official Development Assistance provided by the US to 155 recipient countries from 1960 to 2008, analyzed using random coefficient models, the research found that humanitarian and domestic political theories can account for the US foreign aid policy to the recipient countries for almost five decades better than the interest-driven theory. Generally, the US were more likely to send aid to poorer countries and/or countries where the US-based NGOs were actively involved. The econometric models also show that there are some cross-sectional and temporal variations in the aid. On average, countries receiving high amount of aid in the 1960s tend to have lower annual growth rate in the money they received from the US.
Global surveys indicate that massive disillusionment with economic globalisation, upheld by the liberal order, which is ignored by governments in European, Asian and Latin American countries, has paved the way for the ascent of nationalist forces. This trend is also visible in Indonesia. President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) has consolidated power against opponents who exploit nationalist, populist and religious causes. On the international front, Jakarta has been actively engaged within a variety of multilateral organisations where liberal institutionalist agendas are enforced. Therefore, it is worthwhile considering the influence of internal and external environments on Jokowi's economic policy which is getting increasingly nationalistic. This article argues that nationalist economic practices have emerged as the Jokowi government's response to domestic and international challenges which can have an impact on its perceived legitimacy. The discussion proceeds in five steps. To begin, this article presents a comparative perspective to understand the position of Indonesia in the developing international political economic context. This is followed by an overview of the definition of economic nationalism and its connections to domestic politics and foreign relations. The third section is about the Indonesian government's efforts to put economic nationalism into effect. The next two parts investigate how the inside and outside dynamics generate Jokowi's inward-looking policies. The conclusion emphasises what can be learnt from the Indonesian case.
