Suchergebnisse

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

The literature review on the development of physical education in European Union had been conducted in the article. The author used four directions to review the literature. In order to develop Direction 1 (theoretical background to research in physical education concepts in the EU countries), a number of sources in the field of comparative pedagogical researches have been analyzed. In order to develop Direction 2 (roots and developments of physical education in the EU countries), mostly have been used historial pedagogical and philosophical researches. In order to develop Direction 3 (practical applications of the physical educa-tion concepts in the EU countries), a number of modern sources and applied researches findings have been considered. In order to develop Direction 4 (current situation in the physical training education in the EU countries), the author has analyzed a range of researches (normative documents of the European Commission, OECD analytical materials etc.).

Both the causes and consequences of the economic crisis which can be delimited with the period 2008-2010 (with the main emphasis on 2009, however) and the recov­ery from which started in 2010, probably need to be analysed more thoroughly and in more detail, when the duration of the crisis can be more specifically determined (al­though the main positions are generally known). On the other hand it is necessary to take measures everywhere already today to ensure rational steps with respect to the choice of measures of economic policy and orientations in exiting the economic crisis and in achieving the development, without leading national economies to setbacks or unsuccessful (wrong) directions very soon. This is topical today also for the sake of the future.The objective of this paper is to give a brief overview of the recent developments of the Estonian economy, its actions related to economic policy in overcoming and exiting the economic crisis, and the further orientation and problems (which have often been the reasons for aggravation of the economic recession) in the development of national economy as a EU Member State.This paper has been written based on different evaluations, experience of other countries as it concerns Estonia as well, several research studies in analysing the eco­nomic crisis, author's own positions which are based on official statistics and materials and long-term personal assessments of the economic situation, also on years of working with many students in seminars of different subjects related to economic policy.

The following article argues that energy security is an extremely important challenge for the countries of the European Union. Economically and democratically weakly-developed countries hold a constant fight, both open and hidden, for preserving and enforcing their energy influence in the world. Russia is the most vivid of such examples. Considering the events in the East of Ukraine, its closest European neighbours – countries of the Visegrad Four Group - should unite their efforts together and re-think their energy policies in terms of security and diversification. Establishing the EU Energy Union might be a solution.

The following article argues that energy security is an extremely important challenge for the countries of the European Union. Economically and democratically weakly-developed countries hold a constant fight, both open and hidden, for preserving and enforcing their energy influence in the world. Russia is the most vivid of such examples. Considering the events in the East of Ukraine, its closest European neighbours – countries of the Visegrad Four Group - should unite their efforts together and re-think their energy policies in terms of security and diversification. Establishing the EU Energy Union might be a solution.

Introduction. The investigations of the factors of economic development refer to the traditional economic problems. Under sustainable development concept, ecological factors of economic development of the European Union countries deserve special attention. Purpose. The aim of the article is to actualize the ecological background of economic development aspects in terms of nature business-management on the example of the Member States of the European Union. To obtain the above mentioned aim, we should settle the following tasks: to determine the ecological quality of economic development; to analyze a strategy elaborated by the Member States called "Europe - 2020" for its resource efficiency; to establish links between natural resources use and economic development; to reveal eco-environmental determinants of the economic development associated with the resource business; to estimate of ecological and economic profile of the resource culture on the cross-country level; to offer some recommendations to improve the strategy "Europe - 2020" based on ecological outcomes. Methods. The ecological factors being divided into two groups - positive and negative – are formalized and ranked from - 1 to + 1 in the article. This approach helps to compare positive and negative ecological factors of the economic development between each other. The approach has been developed especially for factorial analysis. Results. To the key eco-environmental determinants of the economic development the author refers such ones: saving of natural resources – exploitation of natural resource; environmental protection – environmental pollution; wastes utilization – wastes production; restoring forestation – deforestation; alternative energy production – energy consumption; production of environmentally friendly food – food consumption. Based on these key indicators, it is possible to estimate ecological and economic profile of the culture associated with the resource saving business for a definite country and compare it to the global situation. Originality. In the article it is proposed to divide ecological factors into two categories: factors-stimulators and factors-destimulators of economic development. Having compared these factors between each other, it is possible to make an ecological and cultural profile of economic development of the analysed countries. Conclusion. The author believes that the proposed approaches to the estimation of ecological and economic components of the European countries' development can contribute significantly to their global competitiveness. The obtained results could be used to estimate the performance of the strategy "Europe 2020".

У статті розглядається гуманітарне співробітництво країн Центральної Азії з Європейським Союзом. Європейський Союз має свою вікову історію розвитку, яка відкриває шлях до новітніх технологій і ноу-хау. Культурні зв'язки доповнюють всі аспекти співпраці, надаючи їм довгостроковий характер. ; Interests of world's leading states and world centers in Central Asia has increased due to the emergence of new military, environmental and other serious threats to the security, as well as the danger of escalating terrorism, drug trafficking and religious extremism. Today, the role of Central Asia in international politics is increasing due to its important geostrategic position, rich natural resources, and significant production and scientific and technical potential. Taking into account its economic interests in Central Asia, the European Union attaches great importance to the transformation processes in the countries of the region. The EU considers it necessary for both political and economic reasons to develop a common policy towards the states of the region that would ensure a geostrategic balance in the Central Asian region, the geopolitical interests of other countries, in particular the United States, the Russian Federation, China, India and Japan. Europe has made a valuable contribution to the implementation of new programs in the field of humanitarian cooperation. The EU is actively engaged in higher education within the framework of the world program "Erasmus+". Education is considered a priority sector in cooperation with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. In 2019, the EU adopted a new strategy for Central Asia. The most important feature of the new strategy is its uniformity and effectiveness. For these purposes, the policy of the member States of the European Union is coordinated, both among themselves and with special multilateral institutions, to monitor in detail the implementation of regional initiatives, to actively engage in information support of European policy in Central Asia through the development of educational programs, local independent media, and the involvement of international organizations – the Council of Europe, the OSCE, and the UN. However, it is humanitarian cooperation that is one of the main priorities in the long term. The EU intends to promote the development of Central Asia, to achieve a long-term impact and greater visibility in the region. The EU has expanded its participation and changed its approach by investing in national educational programs. In the field of higher education, the EU has expanded cooperation and exchange programs between universities in Europe and Central Asia. In the area of vocational training, the EU has promoted internship programmes in Europe for students from Central Asia. The article deals with the humanitarian cooperation of the Central Asian countries with the European Union. The European Union has a century - long history of development, which opens the way to the latest technologies and knowhow. Cultural ties complement all aspects of cooperation, giving them a long-term character.

У статті розглядається гуманітарне співробітництво країн Центральної Азії з Європейським Союзом. Європейський Союз має свою вікову історію розвитку, яка відкриває шлях до новітніх технологій і ноу-хау. Культурні зв'язки доповнюють всі аспекти співпраці, надаючи їм довгостроковий характер. ; Interests of world's leading states and world centers in Central Asia has increased due to the emergence of new military, environmental and other serious threats to the security, as well as the danger of escalating terrorism, drug trafficking and religious extremism. Today, the role of Central Asia in international politics is increasing due to its important geostrategic position, rich natural resources, and significant production and scientific and technical potential. Taking into account its economic interests in Central Asia, the European Union attaches great importance to the transformation processes in the countries of the region. The EU considers it necessary for both political and economic reasons to develop a common policy towards the states of the region that would ensure a geostrategic balance in the Central Asian region, the geopolitical interests of other countries, in particular the United States, the Russian Federation, China, India and Japan. Europe has made a valuable contribution to the implementation of new programs in the field of humanitarian cooperation. The EU is actively engaged in higher education within the framework of the world program "Erasmus+". Education is considered a priority sector in cooperation with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. In 2019, the EU adopted a new strategy for Central Asia. The most important feature of the new strategy is its uniformity and effectiveness. For these purposes, the policy of the member States of the European Union is coordinated, both among themselves and with special multilateral institutions, to monitor in detail the implementation of regional initiatives, to actively engage in information support of European policy in Central Asia through the development of educational programs, local independent media, and the involvement of international organizations – the Council of Europe, the OSCE, and the UN. However, it is humanitarian cooperation that is one of the main priorities in the long term. The EU intends to promote the development of Central Asia, to achieve a long-term impact and greater visibility in the region. The EU has expanded its participation and changed its approach by investing in national educational programs. In the field of higher education, the EU has expanded cooperation and exchange programs between universities in Europe and Central Asia. In the area of vocational training, the EU has promoted internship programmes in Europe for students from Central Asia. The article deals with the humanitarian cooperation of the Central Asian countries with the European Union. The European Union has a century - long history of development, which opens the way to the latest technologies and knowhow. Cultural ties complement all aspects of cooperation, giving them a long-term character.

The problematic of institutional influence on the development of European security system is extremely important, so today in the frame of EU the process of further development of European security architecture is proceeded. The main principle in this context is collectively coordinated actions of the bodies of European Union headed for adaptation of lawful environment to modern requirements and also to unification of some functions, duties and responsibilities. Without institutional measure the research of security aspects seems complicated, that is why this article is dedicated to defining institutional peculiarities of the bodies with the help of which the system of European security is developed. In the article it was researched the main features of forming institutional approach of European Union in the context of European security system development. It was analysed common organizational security functions and the functions of EU institutions with the aim of more detailed research of approaches of European bodies to the questions of security. It was determined the presentation of EU at international level in the frame of the institutions which more or less are involved in security problematic. It was grounded the role of European Council, Council of Ministers of EU, European Commission, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, European Parliament, European External Action Service in the process of strengthening general European security. ; Проблематика інституційного впливу на розвиток системи європейської безпеки надзвичайно важлива, адже сьогодні в рамках ЄС продовжується процес подальшого розвитку архітектури європейської безпеки. Основним принципом у даному контексті виступає принцип колективних скоординованих дій структур та органів Європейського Союзу, який спрямований на адаптацію нормативно­правового середо­вища до сучасних вимог, а також уніфікації ряду функцій, повноважень і обов'язків. Без інституціонального виміру дослідження безпекових аспектів видається складним, тому дана стаття присвячена визначенню характерних інституційних особливостей відповідних органів, за допомогою яких відбувається розвиток системи європейської безпеки. В статті досліджено основні чинники формування інституціонального підходу Європейського Союзу в контексті розвитку системи європейської безпеки. Проаналізовано загальноорганізаційні безпекові функції та функції інституцій ЄС з метою більш детального дослідження підходів європейських структур до питань безпеки. Визначено представлення ЄС на міжнародній арені в рамках ряду інституцій, які в більшій або меншій мірі задіяні в безпековій проблематиці. Обґрунтовано роль Європейської Ради, Ради Міністрів ЄС, Європейської Комісії, Верховного представника Європейського Союзу з питань закордонних справ і політики безпеки, Європейського Парламенту, Європейської служби зовнішніх дій в процесі зміцнення загальноєвропейської безпеки. ; Проблематика інституційного впливу на розвиток системи європейської безпеки надзвичайно важлива, адже сьогодні в рамках ЄС продовжується процес подальшого розвитку архітектури європейської безпеки. Основним принципом у даному контексті виступає принцип колективних скоординованих дій структур та органів Європейського Союзу, який спрямований на адаптацію нормативно­правового середо­вища до сучасних вимог, а також уніфікації ряду функцій, повноважень і обов'язків. Без інституціонального виміру дослідження безпекових аспектів видається складним, тому дана стаття присвячена визначенню характерних інституційних особливостей відповідних органів, за допомогою яких відбувається розвиток системи європейської безпеки. В статті досліджено основні чинники формування інституціонального підходу Європейського Союзу в контексті розвитку системи європейської безпеки. Проаналізовано загальноорганізаційні безпекові функції та функції інституцій ЄС з метою більш детального дослідження підходів європейських структур до питань безпеки. Визначено представлення ЄС на міжнародній арені в рамках ряду інституцій, які в більшій або меншій мірі задіяні в безпековій проблематиці. Обґрунтовано роль Європейської Ради, Ради Міністрів ЄС, Європейської Комісії, Верховного представника Європейського Союзу з питань закордонних справ і політики безпеки, Європейського Парламенту, Європейської служби зовнішніх дій в процесі зміцнення загальноєвропейської безпеки.

The article analyzes the relations between Ukraine and the EU. Ukraine has long been seen as an important political partner of the European Union. The EU is striving for ever closer relations with Ukraine, going beyond mere cooperation, gradual economic integration and deepening political cooperation. The main events that link Ukraine and the European Union are analyzed. The article tells how the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement has changed the vision of the society about the association, and reveals the details of the EU Eastern Program. In parallel with the prospects for EU-Ukraine relations, Ukraine's accession to the EU is analyzed in detail. The author provides information on the current situation and analyses prospects for future. Ukraine has framed significant legislative reforms, aimed at combating corruption, and founded new specialized anti-corruption institutions. Work on the implementation of anti-corruption technologies is still in a process. Some of the new Ukrainian agencies are already actively involved in the fight against corruption. The development of Western European regional integration continues, requiring analysis and synthesis of new phenomena. Even a thorough analysis of the political dimension of this process, an attempt been made in the study, can not give exhaustive answer to many urgent issues. Since discussions about the ultimate goals of integration, in particular forms of its implementation, the breadth of geopolitical coverage are not yet complete.

Author considered all the main tendentions of external economical activity between EU and Ukraine. Author analyzed the modern situation in external goods trade, services, investment cooperation betweenEU countries and Ukraine. Author also analyzed all the main preconditions and factors of creation of free trade zone between Ukraine and European Union. ; Розглянуто головні тенденції зовнішньоекономічної діяльності ЄС та України, висвітлено сучасний стан зовнішньої торгівлі товарами, послугами, інвестиційної співпраці країн Євросоюзу й України. Проаналізовано передумови та чинники створення зони вільної торгівлі між Україною та ЄС.

The article is devoted to the research of a topical and debatable issue regarding the basic aspects of the status of an employee in the European Union, which includes employment of citizens of the European Union and employment of third-country nationals who are not members of the European Union. Particular attention is paid to the issue of illegal labor migration in the European Union in the context of current and integration processes and their impact on the current economic situation in the EU. Every year, the phenomenon of labor migration becomes more relevant, because of the poor economic situation in many countries people are forced to seek employment in other countries and emigrate. But the conditions for such persons are different. For example, for emigrants from other countries of the European Union they will be more or less the same, while for emigrants from third countries they will be completely different. There are many conflicts and disputes and, also there is discrimination, which significantly inhibits the legal status of expatriate workers. Such workers face a lot of barriers with regard to their housing during the period of work, working conditions, salaries, moving their families with them, educating children, moving around the territory of the European Union, desire to stay in the future in the European Union. Most of the issues remain unresolved, which has a very negative effect on emigrant workers. The absence of the rule of law that would regulate this issue binds hands of such a category of people, restricts them in fundamental rights and freedoms, in actions and decisions, which is a direct violation. Nowadays the implementation of the legal status of migrant workers in the European Union is underdeveloped, imperfect, and not uniform for all countries. There is also no well-defined mechanism of legal regulation of labor migration in the works of scientists. So this issue requires a thorough analysis and search for solutions to this problem. In this article we will try to explore the ...

The purpose of the article is to determine the nature and positions of the British government, political parties of Great Britain, EU member states, the British community and the world community regarding the future membership of the UK in the European Union.The following main tasks are set here: analysis of the vision of the future of the EU and the place of the UK in it by the EU, the British government, supporters and opponents of EU membership (in particular public opinion on this issue). The author emphasizes the UK's special place in the EU: it is one of the EU member states that is not part of the euro area; Like Ireland, she refused to join the Schengen area; Great Britain is one of the main opponents of the introduction of the European Prosecutor's Office; she has a special position in the budgetary sphere. Features of the Brussels summit of 2016 are considered. It is proved that as a result of the Brussels summit, Great Britain has received a special status that will allow its citizens to finally decide on a referendum on the future membership of the UK in the European Union. According to the Brussels agreement, London refused to participate in the policy of an "ever closer union", which was assumed by existing EU agreements. According to the reached compromises, London can not "be obliged to further political integration." Therefore, the paragraphs on the "ever closer union" in the European agreements will henceforth not affect the UK. The Brussels agreement on the special status of the UK in the EU provides for equal rights for the United Kingdom with other EU members, but smaller responsibilities, a signed agreement will come into effect if the British vote in favor of the EU in a referendum. If they oppose, then there will be no deal either, because the UK will withdraw from the EU. But citizens, giving their votes in a referendum, will know that they vote for staying in the EU with a special status. The author concludes that the secession of Great Britain for the EU will mean the loss of its authority, connections in the world and the beginning of theprocess of disintegration, and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU can become the beginning of the end of this supranational organization. Therefore, in order to preserve the integrity of the EU, it is necessary to find answers to a set of challenges facing it. ; Метою статті є визначення характеру і позицій британського уряду, політичних партій Великобританії, країн-учасниць ЄС, британської спільноти та світової громадськості щодо майбутнього членства Великобританії в Євросоюзі. Тут поставлені такі основні завдання: аналіз бачення майбутнього ЄС та місця Великобританії в ньому з боку ЄС, уряду Великобританії, прихильників і противників перебування в ЄС (зокрема громадської думки з цього питання). Автор підкреслює особливе місце Великобританії в ЄС: вона є однією з дев'яти країн-членів ЄС, яка не входить до єврозони; поряд з Ірландією, вона відмовилася вступати до Шенгенської зони; Британія є одним із головних противників введення інституту Європейської прокуратури; їй властива особлива позиція в бюджетній сфері. Розглянуто особливості проведення брюссельського саміту 2016 р. Доведено, що у результаті брюссельського саміту Великобританія отримала особливий статус, який надасть можливість її громадянам остаточно визначитися на референдумі щодо майбутнього членства Великобританії в Євросоюзі. Згідно брюссельської угоди Лондон відмовився від участі в політиці "дедалі тіснішого союзу", яку передбачали наявні угоди щодо ЄС. Згідно з досягнутим компромісом, Лондон не можна "зобов'язувати до подальшої політичної інтеграції". Тож пункти щодо "дедалі тіснішого союзу" у європейських угодах віднині не стосуватимуться Великобританії. Брюссельська угода про особливий статус Великобританії в ЄС, передбачає рівні для Об'єднаного Королівства права з іншими членами ЄС, але менші обов'язки, підписана наперед угода вступить в силу, якщо на референдумібританці висловляться за ЄС. Якщо вони висловляться проти, то й угоди ніякої не буде, тому що Великобританія вийде з Євросоюзу. Але громадяни, віддаючи свої голоси на референдумі, вже будуть знати, що голосують за те, щоб залишитися в ЄС з особливим статусом. Авторка робить висновок,що сецесія Британії для ЄС означатиме втрату свого авторитету, зв'язків у світі і початок процесу розпаду, а вихід Сполученого королівства зі складу ЄС може стати початком кінця цієїнаднаціональної організації. Тому для збереження цілісності ЄС потрібно знайти відповіді на комплекс викликів, які постали перед ним.

The study focuses on changes made to the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine" for the purpose of implementing accounting standards to the European Union directives. The object of the research paper is accounting in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state and development trends of accounting in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of European legislation. Research methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, idealization and generalization are used to analyze the changes introduced into the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine". Today, Ukraine is moving actively towards the implementation of European legislation into domestic practice, including standards of accounting and financial reporting. Successful implementation of European legislation into domestic accounting practice, first and foremost, requires clarification of differences in accounting and financial reporting. The amendments made to the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine" will promote harmonization of national legislation in the field of accounting and financial reporting with the legislation of the European Union countries and the International Financial Reporting Standards. The changes introduced will provide the basis for raising accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine to a qualitatively new level that will enable effective management decision- making by domestic business entities. The results obtained are the basis for accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine, in accordance the norms of the European Union directives. The research results may be used all economic entities in Ukraine in different sectors of the economy.