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本文以1860至1911年間外國旅華攝影師在中國的攝影作品為研究對象,致力於討論中國「舊照活化」文化現象中同一批照片在19世紀末20世紀初的西方與20世紀90年代以降的當代中國這兩個不同的社會語境和時段中的具體運用方式,以考察照片、歷史敘述、民族國家政治意識形態之間的關係,試圖在「雙時軌」的對比結構中為晚清攝影研究打開新的探討空間。 ; 論文主體部分圍繞著「國家」、「民族」和「革命」這三個當代晚清攝影運用中的關鍵概念展開,分析攝影作品內部的話語變化,以及與這種變化息息相關的「主體性」與文化政治問題。第二章以晚清旅華攝影師代表約翰·湯姆遜的中國成像為討論對象,在比較1874年在英國出版、湯姆遜自主編纂的附圖遊記《中國與中國人影像》與2009年由中國官方出版界重新選編的《晚清碎影》的基礎上,具體呈現不同的主體在「想像晚清中國」和「呈現晚清中國」上的差別。第三章繞著當代晚清相冊中的「民族」選題而展開,探討「少數民族」與「中華民族」的表現方式及其缺陷。第四章著重討論「辛亥革命」在當代晚清相冊中的表現方法,以《壹玖壹壹:從鴉片戰爭到軍閥混戰的百年影像史》為例,分析照片集如何在一個通俗歷史的框架下處理「辛亥革命」這一歷史節點。在此基礎上,結論部分總結了舊照活化文化現象下「國家」與「歷史敘述」的同構關係,並以「視覺」為中心,分析了以攝影為材料的歷史敘述如何建構「民族-國家」視野下的身份認同。 ; The China's early photographs have enjoyed a drastic revival of attentions in the recent decades. An important category of these photos are those taken by Westerners during the late Qing China. This thesis aims to investigate these subjects from a cultural historical perspective, the photos are thus considered as a form of representation instead of visual history materials, and a comparative approach was employed to discuss the complex relationship among photo image, imperialism, history narrating under the political structure of nation-state and China's contemporary social reality. ; Photographs which were taken by the Westerners during the late Qing China emerged in the age of European capitalism and imperialist expansion. After the year 1860, China was defeated by the British-French Alliance in the Second Opium War and the Qing government was forced to open up to the treat and culture of the west. This change attracted Westerners of different occupations, including commercial photographers, explorers and journalists, to photograph various geographical and social aspects that are of their interests. The kinds of photographed subjects they chose and the kinds of commentaries they made vividly reflected how they understand China from the imperialism point of view. ; A hundred years later, these late Qing photos become an important part of the "old photo revival" wave raised in the 1990s China. Much different from the time ...

香港醫療衛生發展的論述,通常至1941年便停止,然後由1945年重新探討,跳過了二次大戰期間的日治時代。雖然有大量關於英軍回憶、遊擊隊、一些口述歷史等的研究書籍,但這時期仍未得到充分的關注,尤其在社會發展方面。本文以《香港日報》為主要材料,嘗試析述被忽略的日治醫療衛生史。 ; 有關戰前香港醫療衛生的史觀,主要有「殖民醫學」與「殖民現代性」兩套理論。前者認為殖民力量將西醫強加於本地社會;後者則強調殖民統治帶來的正面作用,和殖民地有其獨特形式的現代性。直至日治前夕,香港的中西醫仍較為對等,中醫在民間有極大支持;西醫在政府政策上享有優勢。然而戰後出現的卻是另一景象,無論民間或政府皆接受西醫為主流醫學,中醫則潛藏於民間繼續傳承。這不代表中醫已被淘汰,只是西醫的發展已蓋過中醫,其中原因須追溯日治期間。日治政府承接英國殖民政府推行西醫,社會上有大量西醫常識流通,藥物使用習慣講求科學,日治時期的這些因素都為西醫在戰後普及做準備。 ; 本文為過往研究所忽略作補充,藉此重新思考「日治歷史」的意義。誠然這段歷史是傷痛的,但也不可主觀地跳過而不作討論,日治時期是連接香港二戰前後的發展。醫療衛生正是其中一個脈絡,本研究將就此提出新視角。 ; The analyses on Hong Kong medical and hygienic history often split into two time slots, one from the beginning as the British colony until 1941 and the other from 1945 to the present, mostly overlooking the period of Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945. Although there are plenty of books for general readers, for examples, memoirs of British troops and Chinese guerillas, and oral history records about the Japanese occupation in Hong Kong, this period has not yet received due academic treatment. This dissertation, therefore, studies the neglected medical history of Hong Kong under the Japanese occupation using Honkon Nippō (Hong Kong News) as the main reference. ; Approaches to the discussion on prewar Hong Kong medical history apparently depend on two theories, namely the "colonial medicine and the "colonial modernity. The former perspective believes that colonial powers forced colonized societies to follow the European modernity, while the latter stresses the positive effects brought by colonizers and formations of own unique modernity among colonies. Before the Japanese occupation, both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) enjoyed fair status, with the TCM gaining overwhelming support from the Hong Kong society and the latter receiving administrative advantages from the colonial government. After the WWII, however, both the Hong Kong society and the government recognized the WM to be the mainstream therapy, and thus, the TCM was only praciticed at the bottom level of society ...

1842年,香港岛被割让给英国。翌年发布的《香港宪章》(the Hong Kong Charter)和《致璞鼎查训令》(Instructions to Sir Henry Pottinger)标志着香港正式成为英属殖民地,英国对香港的殖民统治自此正式开始。毫无疑问,在英国官员为主的殖民政府和华人为主的被管治群体之间存在着巨大的语言鸿沟,这是殖民管治所面对和必须有效解決的问题。港英殖民政府内除有一批颇受重视、监管翻译工作的欧洲译者外,尚有不少华人译员。他们主要负责重要性较低的日常翻译工作,弥补欧洲译者人数不足的问题。然而长久以来,学界几乎完全沒有关注早期港英殖民政府內的华人译员群体,致使他们的工作和贡献一直沒有得到认识和认同。这可以说是香港殖民史以及香港翻译史上一个较严重的空白。 ; 本文爬梳大量原始史料,分析这一群体从接受英语教育,到政府任职及进一步发展的人生轨迹以及此间的活动,揭示他们作为翻译史现象的复杂性:一方面,他们身处殖民社会,既是统治政府的执行人员,但又同时是被殖民者;另一方面,作为译者,他们处于中英两种语言及文化的交接点,面临不同语言和文化的冲突和抉择。正是这种复杂的境地,使得他们身份的不确定性和双重性充分突显出來。本文通过对于华人译员这种复杂性的分析,除让我们更好地理解这一特殊群体的面貌外,也希望能进一步展示译者研究的丰富性和可能性,期望能为长期被忽略的译者研究作贡献。 ; The Hong Kong Island was ceded to Britain in 1842. One year later, the Hong Kong Charter and the later Instructions to Sir Henry Pottinger were promulgated to establish the Hong Kong Island and its dependencies as a separate Crown Colony, beginning the British colonial rule over this former Chinese territory. Without doubt, there existed a huge language barrier between the British officials and the residents, who were overwhelmingly made up of the Chinese nationals. Communication had been a pressing and difficult problem faced by the Colonial Hong Kong Government. ; In the Colonial Hong Kong Government, there were some European interpreters who were in senior positions to take charge of interpretation/translation supervision. They enjoyed superior status. On the other hand, some native Chinese also acted as interpreters/translators. They were subordinate to and assisted the European interpreters/translators in the government, undertaking relatively less important and sensitive interpretation/translation tasks. Little attention has been paid to the study of the native Chinese interpreters/translators in the early Colonial Hong Kong Government, resulting in a lack of understanding of their work and contributions in the translation history of colonial Hong Kong. ; This dissertation studies the native Chinese interpreters as a special group in the early Colonial Hong Kong Government. By digging into first-hand historical ...