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Czech and Slovak political parties and their vision of European integration
The paper concentrates on attitudes to the enlargement and the future of EU held by relevant political parties in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia in 2002. With respect to the Czech Republic, three basic approaches to the issue of EU enlargement are identified, thus classifying the Czech political parties as "consistently" pro-European, pro-European "with reservations" and anti-European. It will be argued that in Slovakia the relevant political parties acted as "consistently" pro-European with the exception of the anti-European Slovak National Party (SNS) and the Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS). The dividing line was however rather between the parties whose representatives could be viewed by international partners as an obstacle to Slovakia's admission to EU and the parties that were "acceptable" for foreign countries, which played an important role in rallying voters to opt for "acceptable" political subjects. ; The paper concentrates on attitudes to the enlargement and the future of EU held by relevant political parties in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia in 2002. With respect to the Czech Republic, three basic approaches to the issue of EU enlargement are identified, thus classifying the Czech political parties as "consistently" pro-European, pro-European "with reservations" and anti-European. It will be argued that in Slovakia the relevant political parties acted as "consistently" pro-European with the exception of the anti-European Slovak National Party (SNS) and the Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS). The dividing line was however rather between the parties whose representatives could be viewed by international partners as an obstacle to Slovakia's admission to EU and the parties that were "acceptable" for foreign countries, which played an important role in rallying voters to opt for "acceptable" political subjects.
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Reflections on European Integration: 50 Years of the Treat of Rome
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 44, Heft 4, S. 124
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
Jak je měřit? Přístupy a metody analýzy postojů politických stran k evropské integraci ; How to Measure It? Approaches and Methods in Analysis of Political Parties' Attitudes towards European Integration
In recent decades, the topic of political parties' approaches towards European integration (especially the euro-skeptic parties) has become an integral part of political science research. The purpose of this text is to describe and compare the most frequently used methods or approaches of measuring the attitudes of political parties towards the EU: behavioral measures, textual approaches, self-reported positions, and reputation. The author of the text examines the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods, and compares their applicability in the context of different research goals (classification and/or description of attitudes of political parties towards the EU, identification of salience of the "European" issue, and identification of intra-party disputes over the "European" issue).
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Evropská unie v krizi z rozšíření. Meze dialektiky evropské integrace a expanze
In: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, Band 38, Heft 5, S. 535-552
The enlargement crisis of the EU has been triggered by problems related to enlargement toward the East, but its roots extend far beyond that issue. To date, European integration has developed in a structure of a wealthy core territory & concentric circles around this centre. The emergence of this pattern has been driven by the dialectics of integration & expansion. But the institutional obstacles & legitimation problems linked to EU enlargement to the East indicate that very little room to maneuver will remain for future expansion. As the expansion process reaches its limits, differentiated forms of EU integration, creating different classes of EU members, are likely to appear.
Predsednictvi Rady Evropske unie. Billboard pro evropskou integraci?
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 43, Heft 2, S. 25-38
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
The EU Council Presidency is considered a very influential & suitable tool for domestic communication of European integration & its agenda. The article analyses the last ten EU Council Presidencies & their impact on public support to the key elements of European integration. The hypothesis of the article is the argument that the EU Council Presidency in its current form increases support for the European integration (and its key elements) & increases the level of knowledge about European integration among the public. Adapted from the source document.
Euroskeptics, Europeanists, Euroenthusiasts, Europhobes - How to Work with These Categories?
In: Politologický časopis, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 240-262
ISSN: 1211-3247
O krok zpět? Evropeizace volební programatiky slovenských politických stran (1994–2010) ; A Step Back? Europeanisation of Election Manifestos of Slovak Political Parties (1994–2010)
The paper analyses the Europeanisation of election manifestos of major relevant political parties in the Slovak Republic between 1994 and 2010. The changes are examined by means of the two-dimensional concept distinguishing the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of Europeanization; and Europeanisation in manifestos is interpreted as a result of European integration. The authors conclude that the process of the Europeanisation of political parties began a little later in Slovakia in comparison to some of the countries which became democratized slightly earlier (e.g. the Czech Republic). A different pace of democratization, experience with Mečiar's hybrid regime, and the multi-dimensional party system seem to be the main reasons for the "backwardness" of Slovak political parties' manifestoes.
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Analýza vývoje vnímání národní identity německou CDU v letech 1990–2009 ; Analysis of the Development of the CDU's Perception of National Identity Between 1990 and 2009
The paper aims to explain the development of the perception of national identity of the Christian Democratic Party (CDU), the strongest German political party in the past few decades. The paper focuses on election manifestos for the 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2005, and 2009 elections. For this purpose, each manifesto is examined according to up to five analytical categories – such as values, nation, Europe, threats, and society. These categories explore the party's perception in a wider context instead of focusing only on direct references to national identity. The analysed period was divided into three phases with an emphasis on the internal crisis between the years 1998 and 2002. The crisis influenced policy priorities; therefore the perceptions of elements belonging to national identity were changed in order i) to gain victory in the general elections in 2002 and 2005, and ii) to reflect properly the state of German society. Therefore, significant policy shifts were made. These policy changes show how the party successfully integrated societal demands and preferences over the past decade. Thank to this, the CDU incorporated both conservative and liberal elements. This is evident in the case of incorporating liberal elements such as homosexual partnerships while, at the same time, actively stressing the importance of defending national interests. ; The paper aims to explain the development of the perception of national identity of the Christian Democratic Party (CDU), the strongest German political party in the past few decades. The paper focuses on election manifestos for the 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2005, and 2009 elections. For this purpose, each manifesto is examined according to up to five analytical categories – such as values, nation, Europe, threats, and society. These categories explore the party's perception in a wider context instead of focusing only on direct references to national identity. The analysed period was divided into three phases with an emphasis on the internal crisis between the years 1998 ...
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Volby do Evropského parlamentu 2004 v Rakousku a rakouské politické strany ; Elections to the European Parliament 2004 in Austria and Austrian Political Parties
The article discusses the outcomes of elections to the European Parliament in Austria in June 2004. Attitudes of relevant Austrian parties towards the European integration project are briefly discussed and placed on the theoretical scale that ranges from "Hard Euroscepticism" and "Identity Europeanism". The presented outcomes of the elections are put into the general context of the Austrian party system and voters' preferences since the middle 1980s. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of Hans-Peter Martin's populist list that won almost 14 % of the vote. Also, relatively low voter turnout is discussed. The Austrian example is very suitable for theorizing European elections as elections of less voters´ attention that is conceptualized at the end of the article.
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Uchopeni neuchopitelneho? Stranicky euroskepticismus v kontextu pozitivnich postoju politickych stran k EU
In: Politologický časopis, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 345-360
ISSN: 1211-3247
After ten years of research on party based euroscepticism, political science still has not succeed in creating a respected & accepted typology of euroscepticism. This article tries both to summarize & review this research up to the present & subsequently propose a new innovative typology. This typology is based upon two phenomena. The first consists of the incorporation of positive party attitudes towards European integration. The second pillar of the new typology is the understanding of European integration as a variable phenomenon where support cannot be identified with the maintenance of the current EU model. Adapted from the source document.
Budoucnost Evropské unie v kontextu nového regionalismu (Future of the European Union within the New Regionalism Context)
In: Politická ekonomie: teorie, modelování, aplikace, Band 56, Heft 1, S. 67-79
ISSN: 0032-3233
Federalni model a evropska realita. Krize legitimity a jeji prekonani
In: Mezinárodní vztahy: Czech journal of international relations, Band 41, Heft 3, S. 5-18
ISSN: 0543-7989, 0323-1844
This analysis focuses on the role of the federal Europe model in the present stage of the European integration. The European Union' appropriate constitutional form primarily depends on a political decision. Such a decision must be based on democratic legitimacy conferred by political nations of the member states, & not on a delusionary conception of the European demos. If the politicians decide to continue European integration, a federal structure for European decision making must be established, with its typical features: subsidiarity & a clear division of competences. Contrary to the traditional federative models, both German & American, the European federal model cannot be based on the concept of a federal nation. The individual political nations will remain the source of its sovereignty. As a result we can talk of federal elements without a federation, or of a consociative federation without a federal state concept. Adapted from the source document.
Evropska integrace jako process technicke realizace? Esej o legitimite, suverenite a krizi politickeho rozhodovani
In: Politologický časopis, Band 15, Heft 3, S. 242-256
ISSN: 1211-3247
This article aims at problems of legitimacy, sovereignty & decision-making process in the context of European integration. Several concepts of legitimacy & sovereignty are introduced & subsequently analyzed in the context of latest development of the European Union. Adapted from the source document.