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This Living Review makes the case for the study of Europeanization and political parties as related but distinct from the study of political parties and European integration. It then presents the Europeanization approach to parties, noting that some of the components in this approach developed to study policy and institutional change may not lend themselves so well to the study of national parties. This argument distinguishes between direct and indirect effects of European Union influence on parties. Next, it briefly discusses the application of party Europeanization research to post-communist parties. This is followed by a discussion of proposed normative consequences of party Europeanization. Finally, suggestions for further research focuses on the need for refining the analytic framework in order to better identify the causal mechanisms specific to party Europeanization. Adapted from the source document.

Today Europeanization is a notion that is frequently used; however, there is a clear shortage of, or even fragmentariness of scientific knowledge, within this scope. The research into the Europeanization processes were initiated by political scientists in the 1970s, although the notion itself only gained popularity in the 1990s alongside the realization of the commom European market. From that moment, Europeanization is a research problem that has attracted interest in numerous fields and scientific disciplines. David Floyd [2001, p. 109] emphasizes the fact that the majority of market changes which have occurred since the beginning of the twenty-first century took place as a result of Europeanization processes which are explicite, defined as the phenomenon of the regionalization processes. As Neil Fligstein [2009, p. 107] highlights, the "majority of the research concerning the European integration focuses only on political and legal processes (…) which is the reason for which researchers overlook the fact how deep the European economy has been reorganized". There are few works of the kind cited above, nor have there been many recent papers seeking to undertake broad and deep research into the Europeanization processes in both economic (including macro- and microeconomic fields) and noneconomic dimensions.

Greek-Turkish relations and conflict : a bird's eye view / Alexis Heraclides -- Turkish-Greek relations : from conflict to cooperation? / Gizem Alioglu Çakmak -- Back to the future : institutionalist international relations theories and Greek-Turkish relations / Bahar Rumelili -- The Greek-Turkish antagonism : the social construction of self and other / Alexis Heraclides -- Greek-Turkish differences and similarities : national stereotypes and their implications / Hercules Millas -- The unresolved Aegean dispute : problems and prospects / Alexis Heraclides -- Greek and Turkish reciprocal minorities : a silenced dispute at the border zone of democracy / Meriç Özgünes and Konstantinos Tsitselikis -- The Ecumenical Patriarchate under Patriarch Bartholomeos and Greek-Turkish relations / Elçin Macar -- The Cyprus stalemate : opportunities for peace and lessons from Turkish-Bulgarian ethnic relations / Neophytos Loizides and Muzaffer Kutlay -- The European Union and the Turkish-Greek rapprochement in 2000s : from Europeanization to de-Europeanization? / Gizem Alioglu Çakmak - Accessing the rapprochement in its second decade : official discourse and bilateral agreements between Turkey and Greece : a critical approach / Selin Türkes-Kiliç -- Greek-Turkish economic relations in a changing regional and international context / Dimitris Tsarouhas -- Greece's portrayal by the Turkish print media : a comparative study on conjunctural images / Tugcan Durmuslar and Ali Sevket Ovali -- Turkey and the Greek media : the need for a shift from "confrontational-war" to "peace" oriented journalism / Christos A. Frangonikolopoulos -- From pioneers of peace to facilitators of co-operation? : civil society in Turkish-Greek relations / Leonidas Karakatsanis -- Turkey's entangled (energy) security concerns and the Cyprus question in the Eastern Mediterranean / Emre Iseri -- Buffer states : Greek-Turkish framing of the EU externalization policy of refugee management / Dimitris Christopoulos and Georgia Spyropoulou -- A conclusion : dentities as psychological barriers to cooperation / Gizem Alioglu Çakmak.

This article analyses the UK's engagement with, and the subsequent impact of, the European Employment Strategy (EES). In doing so, it provides an example of the process of Europeanization under the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) in a Eurosceptic centralized polity. Under New Labour (1997–2010) the UK actively engaged to upload its preferences to the European political arena. At the national level, the UK experienced a process of Europeanization that was most evident in the cognitive and procedural dimensions. By contrast, during the coalition government the UK strategically withdrew from the EU governance process and reversed the procedural and cognitive shifts that had occurred under its predecessor. During the coalition government the UK therefore experienced a process of de‐Europeanization. The findings of the article highlight the limitations of OMC‐inspired Europeanization in a setting such as the UK.

Some weeks after the referendum on independence was held in Scotland, Catalonia's institutions of self-­government promoted the celebration of a similar consultation. Despite that it was declared illegal by the Spanish Constitutional Court, the Catalan Generalitat went ahead with the idea of organizing a public consult, which finally took place 'informally' on November 9. A majority of 80 per cent of those who participated in the consult voted for secession ('Yes' to both submitted questions to the electorate on self-­determination).Turnout was around 37 per cent of the registered voters. Interdependence in the Old Continent goes beyond internal boundary-­building and the establishment of self-­centered compartments of governance, as happened with the old Westphalian nation-­states. Catalans have reiterated their support for encouraging further Europeanization, a process which many aim to make congruent with territorial subsidiarity and home rule. ; Peer reviewed

Despite the increasing influence of European legislation on the subnational level of government and local public policy, until recently, the subnational level has played only a marginal role in exploring Europeanization processes. With the creation of the single market in the early 1990s, the process of European integration began to have a significant impact on local governments across Europe. Subsequently, the development of European regional and cohesion policy resulted in the adaptation of the political and administrative structures of the local units of the Member States. However, the impact of European integration is not one-sided. The European Union's multilevel governance system and the spread of the impact of Europeanization on interstate levels pose new challenges for European cities and local actors and enable them to actively participate and influence political decision-making processes at the European level. The paper first conceptualizes the phenomenon of Europeanization and then identifies and addresses its dimensions and mechanisms in the field of local self-government. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of European legislation by local authorities and the institutional and non-institutional (indirect and direct) participation of subnational units in European governance. In an attempt to provide answers to the research questions, the author used the legal analysis and the teleological and linguistic method.

Despite the increasing influence of European legislation on the subnational level of government and local public policy, until recently, the subnational level has played only a marginal role in exploring Europeanization processes. With the creation of the single market in the early 1990s, the process of European integration began to have a significant impact on local governments across Europe. Subsequently, the development of European regional and cohesion policy resulted in the adaptation of the political and administrative structures of the local units of the Member States. However, the impact of European integration is not one-sided. The European Union's multilevel governance system and the spread of the impact of Europeanization on interstate levels pose new challenges for European cities and local actors and enable them to actively participate and influence political decision-making processes at the European level. The paper first conceptualizes the phenomenon of Europeanization and then identifies and addresses its dimensions and mechanisms in the field of local self-government. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of European legislation by local authorities and the institutional and non-institutional (indirect and direct) participation of subnational units in European governance. In an attempt to provide answers to the research questions, the author used the legal analysis and the teleological and linguistic method.

Despite the increasing influence of European legislation on the subnational level of government and local public policy, until recently, the subnational level has played only a marginal role in exploring Europeanization processes. With the creation of the single market in the early 1990s, the process of European integration began to have a significant impact on local governments across Europe. Subsequently, the development of European regional and cohesion policy resulted in the adaptation of the political and administrative structures of the local units of the Member States. However, the impact of European integration is not one-sided. The European Union's multilevel governance system and the spread of the impact of Europeanization on interstate levels pose new challenges for European cities and local actors and enable them to actively participate and influence political decision-making processes at the European level. The paper first conceptualizes the phenomenon of Europeanization and then identifies and addresses its dimensions and mechanisms in the field of local self-government. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of European legislation by local authorities and the institutional and non-institutional (indirect and direct) participation of subnational units in European governance. In an attempt to provide answers to the research questions, the author used the legal analysis and the teleological and linguistic method.

This text is analyzing the use of theoretical approaches to the process of Europeanization, especially the rational choice institutionalism and normative institutionalism, on example of Serbia. The whole process of Europeanization is set in the context of wider process of European integration of the Western Balkans region, and the text is reveiling the deepest interests, which guide the European Union and Serbia in this very process. This approach to the process of Europeanization shows the characteristics of the Serbian path towards EU, and a special attention is paid to the political conditionality, which the European Union is using against Serbia, as a country that wishes to join it. The text is especially dealing with the clarity and the speed of rewarding, as well as centrifugal forces of the process itself. ; Tekst se bavi primenom teoretskih pristupa procesu evropeizacije, pre svega institucionalizma racionalnog izbora i noramtivnog institucionalizma, i to na primeru Srbije. Čitav proces evropeizacije postavljen je u kontekst šireg procesa evropskih integracija regiona Zapadnog Balkana, a tekst otkriva najdublje interese kojima se rukovode Evropska unija i Srbija u samom procesu. Ovakav pristup procesu evropeizacije odslikava karakteristike puta Srbije ka EU, a posebna pažnja je posvećena politici uslovljavanja, koju Evropska unija sprovodi prema Srbiji, kao državi koja želi da postane njen član. Tekst se naročito bavi jasnoćom uslova, brzinom nagrađivanja i centrifugalnim silama samog procesa.