Sharing expertise is a growing field of interest because of the increased amount of available information, turnover of experts and globalization of companies. Sharing expertise is a difficult task; therefore, experts often lack motivation, skills and time to document their expertise. The developed expertise cycle is a framework where knowledge stewards build personal trusted relationships with experts. Knowledge stewards interview the experts, construct the knowledge and document it, making it available for knowledge seekers. The expertise cycle is tested in two cases where the expertise is distributed to different individuals and business units. In both cases the usage of the expertise cycle was expanded. As a conclusion, the usage of the expertise cycle and described best practices are recommended. Instead of providing more information we should concentrate on providing better quality of information – and the expertise cycle is a valuable method to achieve this goal.
Introduction: Why expertise? -- The periodic table of expertises : ubiquitous and specialist expertises -- The periodic table of expertises : meta-expertises and meta-criteria -- Investigating interactional expertise and embodiment -- The color-blindness and perfect pitch experiments -- New demarcation criteria -- Conclusion: Science, the citizen, and the role of social science -- Appendix: Waves of science studies
For its 50 years, the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) decided to edit a collective book and asked to « the Magnificent Seven » to write seven chapters. Alain Bonnafous wrote his chapter on the relationship between research and policy in the field of transport. European research in the field of transport economics owes a great deal to ECMT activities and initiatives. The full collection of Round Tables and Symposium reports prepared at the instigation of the ECMT provides an encyclopaedic body of knowledge. It bears witness to the vitality of European expertise and is an essential tool of reference of transport economics. The value and interest of the topics selected has always resided in the fact that they reflect the two-fold dimension of the ECMT – the dimension of a Conference of Ministers, meaning that the questions raised address immediate and, if possible, future policy concerns, but also a scientific dimension, meaning that the research community's knowledge and expertise are applied to answering these questions, if only partially. Thus, the Round Table reports, including the valuable summaries of discussions, constitute a long-term dialogue between decision-makers and experts – a dialogue of over 20 000 pages that has been maintained for over 35 years. The purpose of this brief report will be to take stock of this dialogue. For this exercise to be useful, it must be critical. More specifically, it answers the following three questions: - Has this dialogue addressed the right issues, i.e. those faced by decision-makers? - Have the experts been able to provide the right solutions? - Can we identify tomorrow's issues and will we be able to provide solutions? ; Les experts sont formels. - La Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports (CEMT) a édité, pour les 50 ans de sa création, un ouvrage collectif confié à sept auteurs (« the Magnificent Seven » ). Alain Bonnafous a choisi de traiter des relations entre recherche et politique des transports. L'Europe de la recherche en ...
For its 50 years, the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) decided to edit a collective book and asked to « the Magnificent Seven » to write seven chapters. Alain Bonnafous wrote his chapter on the relationship between research and policy in the field of transport. European research in the field of transport economics owes a great deal to ECMT activities and initiatives. The full collection of Round Tables and Symposium reports prepared at the instigation of the ECMT provides an encyclopaedic body of knowledge. It bears witness to the vitality of European expertise and is an essential tool of reference of transport economics. The value and interest of the topics selected has always resided in the fact that they reflect the two-fold dimension of the ECMT – the dimension of a Conference of Ministers, meaning that the questions raised address immediate and, if possible, future policy concerns, but also a scientific dimension, meaning that the research community's knowledge and expertise are applied to answering these questions, if only partially. Thus, the Round Table reports, including the valuable summaries of discussions, constitute a long-term dialogue between decision-makers and experts – a dialogue of over 20 000 pages that has been maintained for over 35 years. The purpose of this brief report will be to take stock of this dialogue. For this exercise to be useful, it must be critical. More specifically, it answers the following three questions: - Has this dialogue addressed the right issues, i.e. those faced by decision-makers? - Have the experts been able to provide the right solutions? - Can we identify tomorrow's issues and will we be able to provide solutions? ; Les experts sont formels. - La Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports (CEMT) a édité, pour les 50 ans de sa création, un ouvrage collectif confié à sept auteurs (« the Magnificent Seven » ). Alain Bonnafous a choisi de traiter des relations entre recherche et politique des transports. L'Europe de la recherche en économie des transports doit beaucoup aux activités et aux initiatives de la CEMT. L'ensemble des rapports de Table Ronde et de Symposium établis à l'initiative de la CEMT représente une somme encyclopédique qui, tout à la fois, témoigne de la vigueur des capacités d'expertise européennes et constitue un instrument indispensable de l'économie des transports. Les thèmes traités ont toujours illustré cette double dimension qui a fait tout l'intérêt de leur sélection : la dimension d'une conférence de ministres, qui suppose que les questions posées soient bien celles que désignent les problèmes politiques du jour et, si possible, du lendemain ; mais aussi la dimension scientifique, qui suppose que ces questions aient des réponses, au moins partielles, dans les connaissances et le savoir-faire des milieux d'études et de la recherche. Ainsi, les rapports de tables rondes, y compris les précieux comptes-rendus des débats, constituent-ils un long dialogue entre les décideurs et les experts, un dialogue de plus de 20 000 pages qui se poursuit depuis plus de 35 ans. L'objet de ce bref rapport est de porter un regard sur ce dialogue. Pour que ce regard soit utile, il faut qu'il soit critique. Il répond, en particulier à ces trois interrogations aborderées successivement : - Le dialogue a-t-il abordé les bonnes questions, c'est-à-dire celles qui se posaient aux décideurs ? - Les experts apportent-ils les bonnes réponses ? - Sait-on aujourd'hui poser les bonnes questions de demain et saura-t-on y répondre ?
For its 50 years, the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) decided to edit a collective book and asked to « the Magnificent Seven » to write seven chapters. Alain Bonnafous wrote his chapter on the relationship between research and policy in the field of transport. European research in the field of transport economics owes a great deal to ECMT activities and initiatives. The full collection of Round Tables and Symposium reports prepared at the instigation of the ECMT provides an encyclopaedic body of knowledge. It bears witness to the vitality of European expertise and is an essential tool of reference of transport economics. The value and interest of the topics selected has always resided in the fact that they reflect the two-fold dimension of the ECMT – the dimension of a Conference of Ministers, meaning that the questions raised address immediate and, if possible, future policy concerns, but also a scientific dimension, meaning that the research community's knowledge and expertise are applied to answering these questions, if only partially. Thus, the Round Table reports, including the valuable summaries of discussions, constitute a long-term dialogue between decision-makers and experts – a dialogue of over 20 000 pages that has been maintained for over 35 years. The purpose of this brief report will be to take stock of this dialogue. For this exercise to be useful, it must be critical. More specifically, it answers the following three questions: - Has this dialogue addressed the right issues, i.e. those faced by decision-makers? - Have the experts been able to provide the right solutions? - Can we identify tomorrow's issues and will we be able to provide solutions? ; Les experts sont formels. - La Conférence Européenne des Ministres des Transports (CEMT) a édité, pour les 50 ans de sa création, un ouvrage collectif confié à sept auteurs (« the Magnificent Seven » ). Alain Bonnafous a choisi de traiter des relations entre recherche et politique des transports. L'Europe de la recherche en économie des transports doit beaucoup aux activités et aux initiatives de la CEMT. L'ensemble des rapports de Table Ronde et de Symposium établis à l'initiative de la CEMT représente une somme encyclopédique qui, tout à la fois, témoigne de la vigueur des capacités d'expertise européennes et constitue un instrument indispensable de l'économie des transports. Les thèmes traités ont toujours illustré cette double dimension qui a fait tout l'intérêt de leur sélection : la dimension d'une conférence de ministres, qui suppose que les questions posées soient bien celles que désignent les problèmes politiques du jour et, si possible, du lendemain ; mais aussi la dimension scientifique, qui suppose que ces questions aient des réponses, au moins partielles, dans les connaissances et le savoir-faire des milieux d'études et de la recherche. Ainsi, les rapports de tables rondes, y compris les précieux comptes-rendus des débats, constituent-ils un long dialogue entre les décideurs et les experts, un dialogue de plus de 20 000 pages qui se poursuit depuis plus de 35 ans. L'objet de ce bref rapport est de porter un regard sur ce dialogue. Pour que ce regard soit utile, il faut qu'il soit critique. Il répond, en particulier à ces trois interrogations aborderées successivement : - Le dialogue a-t-il abordé les bonnes questions, c'est-à-dire celles qui se posaient aux décideurs ? - Les experts apportent-ils les bonnes réponses ? - Sait-on aujourd'hui poser les bonnes questions de demain et saura-t-on y répondre ?
In recent political debates there has been a significant change in the valence of the word "experts" from a superlative to a near pejorative, typically accompanied by a recitation of experts' many failures and misdeeds. In topics as varied as Brexit, climate change and vaccinations there is a palpable mistrust of experts and a tendency to dismiss their advice. Are we witnessing, therefore, the "death of expertise," or is the handwringing about an "assault on science" merely the hysterical reaction of threatened elites? In this new book, Gil Eyal argues that what needs to be explained is not a one-sided "mistrust of experts" but the two-headed pushmi-pullyu of unprecedented reliance on science and expertise, on the one hand, coupled with increased suspicion, skepticism and dismissal of scientific findings, expert opinion or even whole branches of investigation, on the other. The current mistrust of experts, Eyal argues, is best understood as one more spiral in an on-going, recursive crisis of legitimacy. The "scientization of politics," of which critics warned in the 1960s, has brought about a politicization of science, specifically of regulatory and policy science, and the two processes reinforce one another in an unstable, crisis-prone mixture. Eyal demonstrates that the strategies designed to respond to the crisis - from an increased emphasis on inclusion of laypeople and stakeholders in scientific research and regulatory decision-making to approaches seeking to generate trust by relying on objective procedures such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) - end up exacerbating the crisis, while undermining and contradicting one another.
The Disease of Expertise, is a poem composed by poet, playwright, musician and researcherTawona Sitholé. Within the poem,Sitholé challenges the contemporary constructs of modernity, knowledge, and knowledge production in the scope of globalized economies. Utilizing Covid-19 and the corresponding global pandemic as a backdrop into the inquiry of knowledge, and economic development Sitholé incorporates his own lived experience and local knowledge to highlight contemporary issues relating to globalization, structural inequities, and questions of knowledge within the Global South.
AbstractWe argue that policy expertise constrains the ability of politicians to act on voter preferences. Representatives with more knowledge and experience in a given domain have more confidence in their own issue-specific positions. Enhanced confidence, in turn, may lead politicians to discount opinions they disagree with, producing a distorted image of the electorate. Two experiments with Swedish politicians support this argument. First, officials are more likely to dismiss appeals from voters in their areas of expertise and less likely to accept that opposing views may represent the majority opinion. Consistent with the proposed mechanism, in a second experiment we show that inducing perceptions of expertise increases self-confidence. The results suggest that representatives with more specialized knowledge in a given area may be less capable of acting as delegates in that domain. The study provides a novel explanation for variations in policy responsiveness.