Suchergebnisse

This paper deals with the role of expertise (technē) in Plato's Statesman. We argue that expertise is one of the central notionsin the dialogue, which pervadesthe conception of political action and human condition in general. In the Statesman, humans are understood as technological animals whose being is in the constant state of conflict. However, the expertises do not overcome the political conflict but stimulate it even more by competing for political power. One of the activities of statesmanship is to manage and control the conflict of expertises by ordering their functions, using them for communal good and regulating them by means of disciplinary expertises. In such a way, statesmanship reveals as an expertise itself. The foundation for statesman's expertise is his theoretical knowledge, which gives the understanding about the evolvement of the conflict of expertises and about the solutions required for political action

This paper deals with the role of expertise (technē) in Plato's Statesman. We argue that expertise is one of the central notionsin the dialogue, which pervadesthe conception of political action and human condition in general. In the Statesman, humans are understood as technological animals whose being is in the constant state of conflict. However, the expertises do not overcome the political conflict but stimulate it even more by competing for political power. One of the activities of statesmanship is to manage and control the conflict of expertises by ordering their functions, using them for communal good and regulating them by means of disciplinary expertises. In such a way, statesmanship reveals as an expertise itself. The foundation for statesman's expertise is his theoretical knowledge, which gives the understanding about the evolvement of the conflict of expertises and about the solutions required for political action

This paper deals with the role of expertise (technē) in Plato's Statesman. We argue that expertise is one of the central notionsin the dialogue, which pervadesthe conception of political action and human condition in general. In the Statesman, humans are understood as technological animals whose being is in the constant state of conflict. However, the expertises do not overcome the political conflict but stimulate it even more by competing for political power. One of the activities of statesmanship is to manage and control the conflict of expertises by ordering their functions, using them for communal good and regulating them by means of disciplinary expertises. In such a way, statesmanship reveals as an expertise itself. The foundation for statesman's expertise is his theoretical knowledge, which gives the understanding about the evolvement of the conflict of expertises and about the solutions required for political action

This paper deals with the role of expertise (technē) in Plato's Statesman. We argue that expertise is one of the central notionsin the dialogue, which pervadesthe conception of political action and human condition in general. In the Statesman, humans are understood as technological animals whose being is in the constant state of conflict. However, the expertises do not overcome the political conflict but stimulate it even more by competing for political power. One of the activities of statesmanship is to manage and control the conflict of expertises by ordering their functions, using them for communal good and regulating them by means of disciplinary expertises. In such a way, statesmanship reveals as an expertise itself. The foundation for statesman's expertise is his theoretical knowledge, which gives the understanding about the evolvement of the conflict of expertises and about the solutions required for political action

Social Work in Lithuania is the new support for human occupation, which helps to restore relations between the state and society when a person is unable to do so. The social worker's client may be any member of the public who fell into the difficult life situations. Social workers practice's success due to their professional competence - the knowledge, skills and values as a whole. It is important that professional competence is developed so that social workers actively participate in continuous learning process. Formally, the social workers' skills are valued at the time of certification. Social workers must continually upgrade their professional skills and participate in the certification reports produced every five years. The object of research - social workers in the training process. The subject - social worker certification training process. Purpose of the survey - to reveal how social workers assess the certification training process. Objectives: 1) To describe the social workers' training process, legal, theoretical and practical aspects of business. 2) To investigate the social competence of staff development needs and participation in training process. Research methods: • the analysis of scientific literature; • the analysis of legislation and other documents; • questionnaire; • the statistical analysis of data. The study based on quantitative methodology. For study instrument theoretical analyses was made. The study surveyed 102 social workers from various Vilkaviskis district offices. The study revealed that the practical work of social workers' professional competence gets most characterizing skills shortage. Social workers continually develop their expertise by participating in various forms of training. They agree that it is important their professional qualifications, which determines the success of their practice. The experimental results showed that social workers certification training process is the only formal evaluation of professionalism, but not the means, incentive to seek for improvement in professional activities.

Social Work in Lithuania is the new support for human occupation, which helps to restore relations between the state and society when a person is unable to do so. The social worker's client may be any member of the public who fell into the difficult life situations. Social workers practice's success due to their professional competence - the knowledge, skills and values as a whole. It is important that professional competence is developed so that social workers actively participate in continuous learning process. Formally, the social workers' skills are valued at the time of certification. Social workers must continually upgrade their professional skills and participate in the certification reports produced every five years. The object of research - social workers in the training process. The subject - social worker certification training process. Purpose of the survey - to reveal how social workers assess the certification training process. Objectives: 1) To describe the social workers' training process, legal, theoretical and practical aspects of business. 2) To investigate the social competence of staff development needs and participation in training process. Research methods: • the analysis of scientific literature; • the analysis of legislation and other documents; • questionnaire; • the statistical analysis of data. The study based on quantitative methodology. For study instrument theoretical analyses was made. The study surveyed 102 social workers from various Vilkaviskis district offices. The study revealed that the practical work of social workers' professional competence gets most characterizing skills shortage. Social workers continually develop their expertise by participating in various forms of training. They agree that it is important their professional qualifications, which determines the success of their practice. The experimental results showed that social workers certification training process is the only formal evaluation of professionalism, but not the means, incentive to seek for improvement in professional activities.

Social Work in Lithuania is the new support for human occupation, which helps to restore relations between the state and society when a person is unable to do so. The social worker's client may be any member of the public who fell into the difficult life situations. Social workers practice's success due to their professional competence - the knowledge, skills and values as a whole. It is important that professional competence is developed so that social workers actively participate in continuous learning process. Formally, the social workers' skills are valued at the time of certification. Social workers must continually upgrade their professional skills and participate in the certification reports produced every five years. The object of research - social workers in the training process. The subject - social worker certification training process. Purpose of the survey - to reveal how social workers assess the certification training process. Objectives: 1) To describe the social workers' training process, legal, theoretical and practical aspects of business. 2) To investigate the social competence of staff development needs and participation in training process. Research methods: • the analysis of scientific literature; • the analysis of legislation and other documents; • questionnaire; • the statistical analysis of data. The study based on quantitative methodology. For study instrument theoretical analyses was made. The study surveyed 102 social workers from various Vilkaviskis district offices. The study revealed that the practical work of social workers' professional competence gets most characterizing skills shortage. Social workers continually develop their expertise by participating in various forms of training. They agree that it is important their professional qualifications, which determines the success of their practice. The experimental results showed that social workers certification training process is the only formal evaluation of professionalism, but not the means, incentive to seek for improvement in professional activities.

Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania consolidates two forms of use of special knowledge in a national criminal proceeding, the results of which (examination act and specialist's conclusion) have similar status in the process, are essentially equivalent in assessing evidence as provided in Article 20, paragraph 5, of the Code of Criminal Procedure, meaning that findings provided by either specialist's conclusion or examination act, that comply with the requirements of the law mentioned above, are admitted as evidence and are being evaluated according to the same rules as all the other kind of evidence. Therefore, examination act and specialist's conclusion became unified. In state forensic institutions these expert investigations are carried out using the uniform procedures for conducting investigations, administrative control and results, using the same intellectual, material costs, despite the fact that examination act is, theoretically, considered as a more complicated investigation, which can be only be appointed by the court and carried out by an expert. Because of the fact that expertise and object research are becoming equivalent and are being carried out by the court experts with the same special knowledge, it is possible that object research will be chosen more often while the procedure of appointment is simpler than the one regarding appointment of expertise. This research provides an analysis of the sufficiency of the regulation of forensic examination and investigation of objects in accordance with the European Union standards, as well as the adequacy of the regulatory framework for forensic examination and investigation of objects; expediency of separation of expert and specialist in criminal proceedings. The article also discusses the influence of the separation problem of the specialist and expert on the guarantees of the person liable to prosecution, emphasizes the importance of the implementation of the principle of the adversarial process, as well as analyzes the specific cases of the use of special knowledge in criminal proceedings.

Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania consolidates two forms of use of special knowledge in a national criminal proceeding, the results of which (examination act and specialist's conclusion) have similar status in the process, are essentially equivalent in assessing evidence as provided in Article 20, paragraph 5, of the Code of Criminal Procedure, meaning that findings provided by either specialist's conclusion or examination act, that comply with the requirements of the law mentioned above, are admitted as evidence and are being evaluated according to the same rules as all the other kind of evidence. Therefore, examination act and specialist's conclusion became unified. In state forensic institutions these expert investigations are carried out using the uniform procedures for conducting investigations, administrative control and results, using the same intellectual, material costs, despite the fact that examination act is, theoretically, considered as a more complicated investigation, which can be only be appointed by the court and carried out by an expert. Because of the fact that expertise and object research are becoming equivalent and are being carried out by the court experts with the same special knowledge, it is possible that object research will be chosen more often while the procedure of appointment is simpler than the one regarding appointment of expertise. This research provides an analysis of the sufficiency of the regulation of forensic examination and investigation of objects in accordance with the European Union standards, as well as the adequacy of the regulatory framework for forensic examination and investigation of objects; expediency of separation of expert and specialist in criminal proceedings. The article also discusses the influence of the separation problem of the specialist and expert on the guarantees of the person liable to prosecution, emphasizes the importance of the implementation of the principle of the adversarial process, as well as analyzes the specific cases of the use of special knowledge in criminal proceedings.

Scientific problem: Lithuanian sailing coaches insufficient communication with athletes, skills gaps and coaches predominant autocratic leadership style are the main constraints for athletes to achieve high sports results. Research hypothesis: • Athletes having a greater mastery assesses more social support in coaching, positive feedback and communication competencies, than lower sportsmanship respondents. • Athletes and coaches leadership style assessments are different. Reseach object: the coach's competence, communication features, coach leadership style. Reseach aim: valuate Lithuanian sailing coaches leadership style of coaches and athletes and coaches in terms of competencies and communication peculiarities in terms of athletes. The tasks of the research: 1. Identify the different seniority of Lithuania sailing coaches leadership style of their own point of view. 2. Identify athletes approach to coaching leadership style. 3. Investigate the large and medium–master sailors (girls and boys) approach to coaching competencies, communication features. Conclucion: • The results showed that most of the coaches, in their view, led by democratically athletes. Two coaches a high degree of manifestation of democracy, seven – the average, in addition to the autocratic (3 coaches) and liberal (4 coaches) leadership style. The higher the coach seniority, the more manifested democratic – liberal leadership style (p=0.42). While competition coaches (less spent 10 years) often led democratic – autocratic leadership style (p=0.56). • Elite athletes coaches identified in Leadership autocratic behavior (p = 0.01) and moderate athletes most distinguished behavior training of coaches – coaching – instruction (p = 0.009), when the main focus is on the technical, tactical training, physical fitness improvement. Both groups mentioned in the second democratic behavior, but more occurring among middle–skill respondents (p = 0.04) further – a positive response (p = 0.06) and social support (p = 0.11). The evaluation results between different gender athletes, both men and women identified the training – instruction of trainers in leadership (p = 0.18). • Elite athletes in evaluating the behavior of coaches to conduct them in accordance with the component to the lower than the average athletes (p = 0.03); women – lower than men (p = 0.06). The emotional component coaches elite athletes by – lower than the average athletes (p = 0.28); women – lower than men (p = 0.28). Gnostic component showing the coach, the professional competence has been assessed under the extreme sports excellence group than the average performance athletes group (p = 0.04); women – lower than men (p = 0.04). It was found that the higher the skill group of athletes, the coach considered below. Girls, in particular, elite group of coaches was rated worse than boys (girls – below average guys – average).

Scientific problem: Lithuanian sailing coaches insufficient communication with athletes, skills gaps and coaches predominant autocratic leadership style are the main constraints for athletes to achieve high sports results. Research hypothesis: • Athletes having a greater mastery assesses more social support in coaching, positive feedback and communication competencies, than lower sportsmanship respondents. • Athletes and coaches leadership style assessments are different. Reseach object: the coach's competence, communication features, coach leadership style. Reseach aim: valuate Lithuanian sailing coaches leadership style of coaches and athletes and coaches in terms of competencies and communication peculiarities in terms of athletes. The tasks of the research: 1. Identify the different seniority of Lithuania sailing coaches leadership style of their own point of view. 2. Identify athletes approach to coaching leadership style. 3. Investigate the large and medium–master sailors (girls and boys) approach to coaching competencies, communication features. Conclucion: • The results showed that most of the coaches, in their view, led by democratically athletes. Two coaches a high degree of manifestation of democracy, seven – the average, in addition to the autocratic (3 coaches) and liberal (4 coaches) leadership style. The higher the coach seniority, the more manifested democratic – liberal leadership style (p=0.42). While competition coaches (less spent 10 years) often led democratic – autocratic leadership style (p=0.56). • Elite athletes coaches identified in Leadership autocratic behavior (p = 0.01) and moderate athletes most distinguished behavior training of coaches – coaching – instruction (p = 0.009), when the main focus is on the technical, tactical training, physical fitness improvement. Both groups mentioned in the second democratic behavior, but more occurring among middle–skill respondents (p = 0.04) further – a positive response (p = 0.06) and social support (p = 0.11). The evaluation results between different gender athletes, both men and women identified the training – instruction of trainers in leadership (p = 0.18). • Elite athletes in evaluating the behavior of coaches to conduct them in accordance with the component to the lower than the average athletes (p = 0.03); women – lower than men (p = 0.06). The emotional component coaches elite athletes by – lower than the average athletes (p = 0.28); women – lower than men (p = 0.28). Gnostic component showing the coach, the professional competence has been assessed under the extreme sports excellence group than the average performance athletes group (p = 0.04); women – lower than men (p = 0.04). It was found that the higher the skill group of athletes, the coach considered below. Girls, in particular, elite group of coaches was rated worse than boys (girls – below average guys – average).

Scientific problem: Lithuanian sailing coaches insufficient communication with athletes, skills gaps and coaches predominant autocratic leadership style are the main constraints for athletes to achieve high sports results. Research hypothesis: • Athletes having a greater mastery assesses more social support in coaching, positive feedback and communication competencies, than lower sportsmanship respondents. • Athletes and coaches leadership style assessments are different. Reseach object: the coach's competence, communication features, coach leadership style. Reseach aim: valuate Lithuanian sailing coaches leadership style of coaches and athletes and coaches in terms of competencies and communication peculiarities in terms of athletes. The tasks of the research: 1. Identify the different seniority of Lithuania sailing coaches leadership style of their own point of view. 2. Identify athletes approach to coaching leadership style. 3. Investigate the large and medium–master sailors (girls and boys) approach to coaching competencies, communication features. Conclucion: • The results showed that most of the coaches, in their view, led by democratically athletes. Two coaches a high degree of manifestation of democracy, seven – the average, in addition to the autocratic (3 coaches) and liberal (4 coaches) leadership style. The higher the coach seniority, the more manifested democratic – liberal leadership style (p=0.42). While competition coaches (less spent 10 years) often led democratic – autocratic leadership style (p=0.56). • Elite athletes coaches identified in Leadership autocratic behavior (p = 0.01) and moderate athletes most distinguished behavior training of coaches – coaching – instruction (p = 0.009), when the main focus is on the technical, tactical training, physical fitness improvement. Both groups mentioned in the second democratic behavior, but more occurring among middle–skill respondents (p = 0.04) further – a positive response (p = 0.06) and social support (p = 0.11). The evaluation results between ...

Recently, the necessity to apply education management elements in the activities of pre-school educational institutions is becoming more prominent. As stated in the Law on Education of the Republic of Lithuania, it is crucial to master the knowledge, skills and abilities of education management. Managing an educational institution is not limited to setting out the goals and objectives, planning and organizing work, but also includes purposeful targeting of technical, social, pedagogical, psychological and biological processes seeking optimal results, while taking into account the peculiarities of these processes. To explore the importance of education management in pre-school educational institutions it has been decided to analyze how the heads of pre-school educational institutions organize work in the institutions they lead, which managerial features are present there, what leadership styles are used during administrative work and how the chosen leadership style impacts the cooperation between the head of the pre-school educational institution and the community. The objective of the study is to examine the theoretical aspects of education management in pre-school educational institutions, to show the current leadership and behavior situation of the heads of particular institutions and to provide guidelines for improving performance. The object of the study – pre-school educational institutions. Hypothesis: an inappropriate leadership style has a negative impact on the cooperation between the heads of pre-school educational institutions and community members. The theoretical study of the problem has revealed that a pre-school educational institution is a group of people in which all its members are closely linked to one another. These links must be improved and the activity process must be managed. Therefore, the organization needs a head. Leadership is one of the key factors affecting the quality of education, and a leadership style has an impact on cooperation, which is part of democratic life and means tolerance, mutual aid, ability to work, teamwork and options of opinion compatibility. The empirical part states that heads of the nurseries - kindergartens "Pipiras", "Drugelis" and "Vaidilutė" are different in terms of personality, leadership principles and leadership style. An in-depth method of interviews provides more opportunities to analyze the managerial situation and existing problems at pre-school educational institutions and to identify the managerial characteristics. The in-depth study revealed that heads of pre-school educational institutions have more responsibilities than heads of schools; the co-operation between the head and parents "begins from the cradle"; children are accepted by the municipality, not by the institution itself etc.

Recently, the necessity to apply education management elements in the activities of pre-school educational institutions is becoming more prominent. As stated in the Law on Education of the Republic of Lithuania, it is crucial to master the knowledge, skills and abilities of education management. Managing an educational institution is not limited to setting out the goals and objectives, planning and organizing work, but also includes purposeful targeting of technical, social, pedagogical, psychological and biological processes seeking optimal results, while taking into account the peculiarities of these processes. To explore the importance of education management in pre-school educational institutions it has been decided to analyze how the heads of pre-school educational institutions organize work in the institutions they lead, which managerial features are present there, what leadership styles are used during administrative work and how the chosen leadership style impacts the cooperation between the head of the pre-school educational institution and the community. The objective of the study is to examine the theoretical aspects of education management in pre-school educational institutions, to show the current leadership and behavior situation of the heads of particular institutions and to provide guidelines for improving performance. The object of the study – pre-school educational institutions. Hypothesis: an inappropriate leadership style has a negative impact on the cooperation between the heads of pre-school educational institutions and community members. The theoretical study of the problem has revealed that a pre-school educational institution is a group of people in which all its members are closely linked to one another. These links must be improved and the activity process must be managed. Therefore, the organization needs a head. Leadership is one of the key factors affecting the quality of education, and a leadership style has an impact on cooperation, which is part of democratic life and means tolerance, mutual aid, ability to work, teamwork and options of opinion compatibility. The empirical part states that heads of the nurseries - kindergartens "Pipiras", "Drugelis" and "Vaidilutė" are different in terms of personality, leadership principles and leadership style. An in-depth method of interviews provides more opportunities to analyze the managerial situation and existing problems at pre-school educational institutions and to identify the managerial characteristics. The in-depth study revealed that heads of pre-school educational institutions have more responsibilities than heads of schools; the co-operation between the head and parents "begins from the cradle"; children are accepted by the municipality, not by the institution itself etc.

Among the crime investigation trends that are given priority, a special role should be attached to special knowledge usage in crimes investigation. In Criminal Process Code that is currently in force in Lithuania, the following of special knowledge usage are distinguished: a specialist's participation in investigation actions, a specialist's conclusion, the expertise and the revision. In Criminal Process Codes of many countries, only one form of special knowledge usage is distinguished, i.e. expertise. In the new Criminal Process Code of Lithuania, they propose to regulate only these forms of special knowledge usage: the expertise and a specialist's participation in investigation actions. The perspectives of special knowledge usage might be subdivided into the following groups: the adjustment of legal basis, the solution of organisational issues, the preparation of specialists and the raising of their qualification, the development of technical basis. It is proposed to prepare criminalists-technicians and experts in the Law Academy of Lithuania since there are several important and considerable reasons for this. First, criminalists-technicians work in me police structure and the specialists for the structure are prepared by the Law Academy of Lithuania. Second, a well-prepared modern teaching basis is available here and a sufficient material and intellectual potential is accumulated. Currently, there are no laws in Lithuania regulating the activities of non-expert institutions carrying out expertises and the issue of licences granting the right for persons to carry out expertises. A governmental Public Coordination Service for Expertise Issues should solve this by coordinating the activities of all expert institutions, licensing expert work and organising scientific methodological activities.