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Nancy Chodorow (U of California, Santa Cruz) views an article by Roger S. Gottlieb (see abstract elsewhere in this section) as presenting a model of human beings as passive recipients of cultural material created by institutional forces. Gottlieb shows no understanding of psychological findings, appealing to his own imagination of possible situations rather than to evidence regarding existing circumstances. Gottlieb also appears to equate parenting to unwelcome & underpaid labor, ignoring its psychological rewards. Roger Gottlieb (Worcester Polytechnic Instit, Mass) accepts the validity of psychology, while denying that of Chodorow's theoretical orientation. It is necessary to understand the social context of mothering, which is shaped by M dominance, rather than to offer explanations based solely on women's individual psychological characteristics. Dorothy Dinnerstein finds Gottlieb's approach to feminist issues weakened by polemical insistence on the importance of political & historical issues at the expense of psychological ones, & by lack of receptivity to organic, nonlinear thought. Roger Gottlieb sees Dinnerstein's views as confusing the history of each person as an individual with the history of society as a whole. W. H. Stoddard.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Feminist organizations: leading and learning -- Chapter 3: Adult health learning: for women, with women -- Chapter 4: Arts and adult education -- Chapter 5: Network feminism and social movement learning -- Chapter 6: Religion, women, and adult education -- Chapter 7: Researching for and with the community of women -- Chapter 8: Critical feminist pedagogy -- Chapter 9: Social transformative learning and women -- Chapter 10: Power, resistance and informal learning -- Chapter 11: The nexus of policy, practice, and payment -- Chapter 12: Adult education and the community: making the feminist connections.

This thesis is the outcome of a doctoral project on using gender as an analytical lens to help understand women's traumas and design context-specific psychological interventions. In particular, the project focused on traumas resulting from sexual and political violence and traumas associated with political conflicts, war and displacement in Egypt and Syria, in the context of the uprisings of 2011 and their aftermath. Based on a theoretical framework grounded in feminist psychology, the dissertation postulates that women's interpersonal traumas are forms of systematic abuse anchored in patriarchal gender norms and shaped by the socio-cultural and political features of a specific context. The research is presented in five papers. The first study investigated the structure of prototypical femininities and masculinities in the two contexts of interest. In both cultures, two co-existing prototypes of femininity were identified: the Good Wife, and the Assertive Competent Woman, in addition to four co-existing prototypes of masculinity: the Family Man, the Macho Man, the Rebellious Man and the Soft and Tender Man. The second paper examined how the two identified femininity profiles relate to women's exposure to sexual violence, abstract rumination, depression, and PTSD. The results point to marked differences in the way in which each femininity profile relates to sexual violence and the psychological consequences thereof, while showing different patterns of association among variables in each context. The third and fourth papers feature a quantitative analysis of the narratives of five Syrian and five Egyptian women, respectively, with a view to understanding modes of victimization and resistance in response to exposure to trauma, as well as the impact of possible changes in femininities and masculinities following the Arab uprisings. One key focus throughout both papers was how the context has contributed to the participants' exposure to, perception of, and response to trauma. The fifth and final paper aimed at evaluating the reception by women's trauma survivors of a tailored version of Narrative Exposure therapy. The intervention was directed in light of a feminist reading of women's trauma and the themes that were identified from participant narratives. The results pointed to the potential value of the proposed intervention, showing that integrating a gendered reading of the survivors' socio-political contexts into their post-trauma narratives may foster meaning-making and help survivors construct more positive self-perceptions. The dissertation concludes with a general discussion of the results and reflections on the overall doctoral journey. Most importantly, I discuss the position of the project, and my own position as a researcher and practitioner, within the psychology scholarship, engaging with some central theoretical, methodological, epistemological, and moral issues, and most notably, the possible role of psychology in pushing for social change to undermine the foundations of gender-based violence and discrimination. ; (PSYE - Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation) -- UCL, 2021

This thesis is the outcome of a doctoral project on using gender as an analytical lens to help understand women's traumas and design context-specific psychological interventions. In particular, the project focused on traumas resulting from sexual and political violence and traumas associated with political conflicts, war and displacement in Egypt and Syria, in the context of the uprisings of 2011 and their aftermath. Based on a theoretical framework grounded in feminist psychology, the dissertation postulates that women's interpersonal traumas are forms of systematic abuse anchored in patriarchal gender norms and shaped by the socio-cultural and political features of a specific context. The research is presented in five papers. The first study investigated the structure of prototypical femininities and masculinities in the two contexts of interest. In both cultures, two co-existing prototypes of femininity were identified: the Good Wife, and the Assertive Competent Woman, in addition to four co-existing prototypes of masculinity: the Family Man, the Macho Man, the Rebellious Man and the Soft and Tender Man. The second paper examined how the two identified femininity profiles relate to women's exposure to sexual violence, abstract rumination, depression, and PTSD. The results point to marked differences in the way in which each femininity profile relates to sexual violence and the psychological consequences thereof, while showing different patterns of association among variables in each context. The third and fourth papers feature a quantitative analysis of the narratives of five Syrian and five Egyptian women, respectively, with a view to understanding modes of victimization and resistance in response to exposure to trauma, as well as the impact of possible changes in femininities and masculinities following the Arab uprisings. One key focus throughout both papers was how the context has contributed to the participants' exposure to, perception of, and response to trauma. The fifth and final paper aimed at evaluating the reception by women's trauma survivors of a tailored version of Narrative Exposure therapy. The intervention was directed in light of a feminist reading of women's trauma and the themes that were identified from participant narratives. The results pointed to the potential value of the proposed intervention, showing that integrating a gendered reading of the survivors' socio-political contexts into their post-trauma narratives may foster meaning-making and help survivors construct more positive self-perceptions. The dissertation concludes with a general discussion of the results and reflections on the overall doctoral journey. Most importantly, I discuss the position of the project, and my own position as a researcher and practitioner, within the psychology scholarship, engaging with some central theoretical, methodological, epistemological, and moral issues, and most notably, the possible role of psychology in pushing for social change to undermine the foundations of gender-based violence and discrimination. ; (PSYE - Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation) -- UCL, 2021

In this article we critically reflect on 'feminist research methods' and 'methodology', from the perspective of a feminist research unit at a South African university, that explicitly aims to improve gender-based violence service provision and policy through evidence-based advocacy. Despite working within a complex and inequitable developing country context, where our feminist praxis is frequently pitted against seemingly intractable structural realities, it is a praxis that remains grounded in documenting the stories of vulnerable individuals and within a broader political project of working towards improving the systems that these individuals must navigate under challenging social and structural conditions. We primarily do this by working with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) providing gender-based violence services in research conceptualisation, design and implementation. This raises unique and complex questions for feminist participatory research, which we illustrate through a case study of collaborative, participatory research with NGOs to improve health and criminal justice outcomes for survivors of sexual violence. Issues include the possibility of good intentions/good research designs failing; the suitability of participatory research in sensitive service provision contexts; the degree(s) of engagement between researchers, service providers (collaborators/participants) and research participants; as well as our ethical duties to do no harm and to promote positive, progressive change through personal narratives and other forms of evidence. Given the demands of our context and these core issues, we not only argue that there are no 'feminist methods', but also caution against the notion of a universal 'feminist methodology'. Whilst we may all be in agreement about the centrality of gender to our research and analysis, the fundamental aims and assumptions of mainstream (Western) feminist approaches do not hold true in all contexts, nor are they without variance in mode, ideal degrees of participation and importance to social context.

Robert Michels (1876–1936) considered himself to be a disillusioned socialist, who, under the influence of elitism, rejected democracy and moved into the fascist camp. As a figure in sociology he is associated solely with the "iron law of oligarchy." In Poland, it is a little-known fact that in Western social thought he is viewed as a socially engaged sociologist—a "genuine" researcher gifted with sociological imagination and a passion for scholarship. The aim of the author is to present Michels as a scholar in many areas: feminist issues, local patriotism in the context of national citizenship, phenomena of a general sociological nature, the history of Italy, and social movements. Furthermore, the author illustrates the German writer Timm Genett's thesis that Michels should also be valued as a pioneer in the study of social movements, which he consistently examined in his analyses of organizations, systematically investigating the degeneration of social movements and the shifting of organizational aims.

The status of women in Arab society, and in other developing areas, is an important subject in which interest is growing. Not only has heightened awareness of feminist issues fostered a general concern for women's emancipation for greater independence and equality with men, but it is also increasingly recognized that the circumstances of women bear a significant relationship to the potential of a society to achieve broader developmental objectives. Relevant considerations include a need for women to enter the salaried labor force, which will increase the productive capacity of the nation; the fact that educated and employed women tend to have fewer children, which is also a major policy objective in many developing countries; and a need to assure that women's critical role in child rearing and early socialization is exercised by individuals who are educated, socially active, and high in self-esteem, which will increase the likelihood of positive personal and civic orientations being inculcated among the young.

I was a teenage prostitute / Lisa Carver -- I am a prostitute and a writer / Anonymous -- Interview with a male sex worker / Cindy-Lou Dale -- Confessions of an ivy league call girl / Jeannette Angell -- Leaving prostitution behind / clandestine call girl -- The unionization of sex workers : interview with Ana Lopez from the International Union of Sex Workers -- Sex with prostitutes is exciting and honest / Sebastian Horsley -- The uneasy relationship between prostitutes and feminists / Teri Goodson -- A courtesan's spiritual calling / Amanda Brooks -- Sex workers are feminists : feminism and sex work -- Memoirs of a Hollywood prostitute / Daniel Maurer -- A downward spiral / Frederique Delacoste and Priscilla Alexander, editors -- Living as an HIV-positive porn star and escort / Tony Valenzuela -- A former prostitute finds God / Shelly Lubben -- Rescuing girls from prostitution / Somaly Mam

Spanning the 1960s through the 1980s, this article tracks the relationships between one of the leading national Left-liberal philanthropies in the post–WWII era United States—the Field Foundation—and a variety of women's and feminist issues and organizations. Field was one of the largest and most iconoclastic philanthropies of its time. Founded during the early nineteen-forties and steeped in Popular Front and New Deal social democratic impulses, it provided generous, sustained support to grassroots movements for civil rights and antipoverty years—often decades—before other philanthropies dared. This article explores how such an organization, primarily concerned with poverty and civil rights, was drawn into supporting feminist organizations in the period from the sixties through the eighties, and what that support meant for feminism and Left liberalism.

Field's support for feminist organizations was shaped by its own agenda, which was dominated by the African American civil rights struggle. The foundation began by providing generous funding to programs for poor and nonwhite women, and then moved on to support African American women's groups directly. Its largesse aided the development of political, economic, and organizing capacity among African American women. Their organizations consisted of both small, local community organizations like the Gee's Bend, Alabama, Quilting Collective, and large, grassroots national membership organizations like the National Welfare Rights Organization. Though different in size and scope, these organizations and the many others Field supported often developed proto-feminist or feminist politics, integrating feminist analysis with lived experiences of poverty, discrimination, lack of jobs and services, and disrespect. In fostering the feminisms of nonwhite, non-middleclass groups, this article argues, the Field Foundation influenced the fate of second-wave feminism. The foundation's support helped women who produced feminisms that were more conscious of poverty and more antiracist than mainstream, middle-class feminisms. When, by the early eighties, mainstream, white feminist organizations heeded the call of African American and poor women, and placed antipoverty activism high on their agendas, the Field Foundation funded them, too.

The fertile terrain shared by Left liberalism and some feminists in the late twentieth century provides a new vantage point from which to view the period. Dominant narratives of post-1960s liberalism portray it as listless and fractious, its decline hastened by internal divisions over civil rights, antipoverty programs, and women's rights. But this article suggests an opposite history: a variety of energetic organizations flourished in this period. In addition, far from being divided by issues of race and gender, both the Field Foundation and African American women's organizations, and over time some mainstream national feminist organizations, were united by their work on these issues. Such interrelated civil rights, antipoverty, and women's rights work suggests that the period from the 1960s through the 1980s ought to be seen as a vibrant and forceful moment in the history of Left liberalism in the United States.

AbstractThis poem invites the reader to co‐meditate on the conflicting realities with which scholars have to grapple. Issues include scholarship that is driven by theorizing emerging from everyday experiences, making one's scholarship palatable for academic markets, and desiring to engage in scholarship in a way that does not squeeze the life out of it.

The investigation utilized a historical/comparative methodology to trace connections between three social movements---the Social Reform, Nationalist, and Women's Movements in India. While some researchers (e.g. Tarrow (1994); Snow & Benford (1992)) offer the concept of the cultural and master frame to explain linkages between movements, this research went further by probing additional elements such as social networks and political career patterns. Connections were evident since all three were united through the master frame. The social reform movement laid the groundwork for both the nationalist and feminist movements. However, the impact of the reform and nationalist movement on Indian feminism was paradoxical. While both social reform and nationalism advanced the concerns of women, they also hindered the progress of the feminist movement through the propagation of contradictory roles and images of women. These movements also omitted certain feminist issues and thus many dissatisfied women mobilized their efforts to raise the status of women. Consequently, the master frame both empowered and limited movements. However, this cultural frame represented but one facet of the link between movements. An analysis of the life histories of women suggested that social networks and political career patterns also played a significant role in further connecting these movements.Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1997 .S26. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 39-02, page: 0415. Adviser: Tanya Basok. Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1998.

This paper reports the results of a study of sixty selected British and Australian academic texts on social policy and the welfare state. The purpose of the study was to investigate changes over the last fifteen years in the ways in which the position of women and gender‐related issues are dealt with by feminist and non‐feminist writers in the social policy field. Differences in the levels of feminist awareness in the various texts are found to be associated with the sex of the author, the type of book, the date of publication, the country of publication, and the socio‐political and intellectual context in which the various texts were produced.

"The term feminism is often treated as a stable and universalizing politics and practice. For postcolonial feminism, the issues of interest are not only social and cultural inequalities in terms of caste, class, colour, ethnicity, gender, and religion, but also historical, political, and geographical inequalities in terms of 'Third World', 'Global South' and 'remnants of the colonial past'. Postcolonial feminism pays nuanced attention to historical diversity and local specificity of feminist issues. This book draws upon the work grounded specifically in the context of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh to demonstrate the plurality of thinking. In mainstream management and organization studies, context is often understood as a present, static field. This book discusses how context is an important consideration for any management and organization study and for feminist studies in management and organization studies. It informs the way we need to understand context, not just as 'present' but also the 'past'. Postcolonial feminism highlights the historical roots and past privileges of a context which often get overlooked in the management and organization studies where context is mostly seen in the present. This unique contribution to postcolonial feminism in management and organization studies highlights the contributions of women writers, poets, and activists such as Christina Stringer, Elena Samonova, Gayatri Spivak, Mary Douglas, Naila Kabeer, and Uzma Falak. Each of these women have engaged with writing that have the potential to enrich and transform understanding of postcolonial feminism in management and organization studies, making this book a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and advanced students"--