Suchergebnisse

The current state of socio-economic development of rural areas. Compared to government funding of the agricultural sector Ukraine and the EU. The measures for development rural areas and improve people's lives

The genesis of the definition of the term of "local finance" in Ukraine and in the world is studied. The necessity of the development of local finance framework is justified in view of active processes of decentralization. The components of the local finance system are determined. The subject-object structure of relations in the local finance management in Ukraine is presented. ; Проаналізовано генезу дефініції поняття "місцевих фінансів" в Україні та світі. Обґрунтовано необхідність розвитку теоретичних основ місцевих фінансів із огляду на активний запуск процесів децентралізації влади. Визначено складові системи місцевих фінансів. Представлено суб'єкто-об'єктну структуру відносин в управлінні місцевими фінансами України.

The genesis of the definition of the term of "local finance" in Ukraine and in the world is studied. The necessity of the development of local finance framework is justified in view of active processes of decentralization. The components of the local finance system are determined. The subject-object structure of relations in the local finance management in Ukraine is presented. ; Проаналізовано генезу дефініції поняття "місцевих фінансів" в Україні та світі. Обґрунтовано необхідність розвитку теоретичних основ місцевих фінансів із огляду на активний запуск процесів децентралізації влади. Визначено складові системи місцевих фінансів. Представлено суб'єкто-об'єктну структуру відносин в управлінні місцевими фінансами України.

Introduction. In the context of reforming the system of local self-government and territorial organization of power, the use of world best practices in the context of decentralization and implementation of best foreign practices in shaping the finances of territorial communities and their associations is of paramount importance. Accordingly, a number of important theoretical postulates of domestic financial science need to be reconsidered through the prism of improving existing and developing the latest conceptual approaches to the functioning of the finances of united territorial communities (OTG) using international advances in this area. local development.Purpose. Given the limited theoretical and practical work of domestic scholars on the finances of the united territorial communities, the purpose of the article is to use the best world practices to improve the efficiency of OTG finances.Methods. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific and economic- statistical methods: analysis, synthesis, statistical method - to study the international experience of OTG finance reform; inductions, deductions - to determine the directions of development of OTG finances in Ukraine; abstract-logical, economic-mathematical - for estimating revenues and expenditures of local budgets of OECD countries. Results. The world experience of reforming the finances of territorial communities is considered. In the context of application of the best international practices the directions of development of finance of OTG in Ukraine under modern conditions of carrying out financial decentralization are offered. Estimates of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of OECD countries were assessed, which allowed to determine priorities in revenue generation, expenditure optimization, distribution of powers and functions, as well as the use of new sources to increase the revenue base of local communities and their associations in Ukraine. Discussion. The prospects for further research is to develop a model for optimizing the financing of OTG development in order to ensure the implementation of its own powers and functions.

One of the key criteria of the business project success including financing at both international and local levels is the precise differentiation and control over the risk. There is a vast variety of risk categories within the context of commodity and structured trade finance that have a continuous impact on businessmen, finance providers, traders and end users.The most common are the situations where interaction with the risk is under researched that leads to the negative outcome. Such cases require a detailed analysis and assessment of the factors triggering risk growth. On the contrary, long-term strategic relations combined with extensive experience and market knowledge may establish the grounds for both partners to gain high level of confidence in concluding the business when the general political and economic situation are heavily influenced by negative factors.The article researches the specific types of risk common with structured trade finance operations within the context of performing trading operations by international businessmen. Strategy of interactions with such risk is defined allowing to mitigate the risk and minimize the negative effect it creates.

The article reveals the content of new financialincentives for increasing the role of territorial communities in the formation of «green» economy in Ukraine, since theexisting financial forms of the implementation of the climatic tasks set for our country in international environmentalagreements do not yet produce adequate results. For this purpose, the experience of developed countries on this issue isanalyzed and ways of its use in Ukraine are offered. The emphasis is on the forms of use of «green» finance used in thecountries of the European Union, as our country has chosen the path of European integration. The article analyzes boththe positive aspects of the use of separate components of «green» finance in Ukraine at the regional and local levels, aswell as the problems existing here. First of all, it concerns the inefficient use of forest resources that contribute to theabsorption of most of the greenhouse gases. It is emphasized on the necessity of the comprehensive consideration ofboth the central Ukrainian authorities and the territorial authorities, the requirements of the European Union environmentallegislation, so that our state can receive «green» investments from it. It is stressed that the Ukrainian state has not yetcreated the right conditions for the territorial communities to introduce a «green» economy in their territories, so theunited territorial communities try to find on their own unconventional forms of solving this problem. First of all, itconcerns the use of renewable energy sources, including biowaste. The ways of improving the application of separatecomponents of «green» finance both at the regional and local levels, primarily at the level of the united territorialcommunities, are grounded. The directions of improvement of cooperation with foreign investors, which would helpthe territorial communities of our country to attract foreign investments from private structures, as well as from internationalfinancial institutions, in particular from the Green Climate Fund and other environmental funds, are offered. ; У статті розкрито зміст нових фінансових форм стимулювання підвищення ролі територіальних громад установленні «зеленої» економіки в Україні, оскільки наявні фінансові форми виконання кліматичних завдань,поставлених для нашої країни в міжнародних екологічних угодах, поки що не дають належних результатів.

Introduction. Issues of budget deficits, public credit and debt form the sphere of debt finance – a model established in a particular country for ensuring the balance of the budget, the organization of government borrowings, the system of public debt management in order to influence the development of the economy and the functioning of public finance.Methods. The methods of abstraction, comparison, institutional analysis and idealization have been used.Results. The study draws attention to the microeconomic fundamentals of debt finance, considering them through the prism of the individual interests. It has been found out that the developed Western countries are characterized by the public nature of debt finances as a result of the evolutionary democratization of public debt – the accessibility of government debt operations to the general public. It is revealed that due to a number of institutional restrictions, the democratization of this sphere in Ukraine has not been fully implemented yet. It is proved that the public debt manifests the same power as pure public goods: the indivisibility in consumption and the impossibility to exclude from the debt burden, which enable its study as public bads. The key features that determine the social nature of debt finance in developed democratic countries are revealed. It is proved that the determinants of debt finance are both economic and political and institutional imbalances, not only in the area of public finance, but also at the level of economic entities. The key components of the institutional environment of the functioning of debt finance are considered: political decision- making mechanisms, procedures of the budget process, the institutional organization of the financial market. It is argued that one of the key shortcomings of the domestic practice of servicing domestic public debt is the insignificant share of debt owned by citizens.Conclusions. The disadvantages and obstacles of democratization of the model of borrowing in Ukraine are studied in the paper. A promising mechanism of financial inclusion of the population in transactions with government debt is proposed.

The article researches the issues of content, structure and peculiarities of functioning of public finances in Ukraine and specifies the composition of the public sector.The current trends and peculiarities of public finances of Ukraine are considered as well as their vital impact on the ability of the state to perform its functions effectively, to promote economic growth and to ensure the goals of public welfare are achieved.The article proves the relevance of the research into the issues of increasing the efficiency of finance accumulation methods and the directions of public finance allocation in Ukraine. The requirements of the current legislation as for ensuring the openness of their spending and providing a free access to this information are analyzed in order to strengthen public control over the usage of public finances. Increasing transparency of public finances is identified as an important instrument for reducing the possibilities for corruption and inefficiency of public finances usage.The analysis of revenues and expenditures of the budget system as the key components of the public finance system through which the state carries out the processes of GDP redistribution with the help of the fiscal instruments is provided. The main directions of the budgetary policy of Ukraine in 2019 - 2020 are determined and its impact on the socio - economic development of the country is analyzed.The main problems and current trends in the development of public finances are underlined; the practical recommendations as for increasing their efficiency are put forward taking into account the best domestic achievements and foreign experience.The ways of improving the public finance functioning in both profit and expenditure parts are suggested. Their implementation will help to create a reliable financial base of the state, increase the standards of living of the population, encourage the development of entrepreneurship and follow the proclaimed course of European integration as well as allow to build a modern and efficient system of public finance management which is able to provide quality public services, accumulate and distribute the resources effectively prioritizing state development and taking into account the interests of all members of society. ; У статті досліджено питання сутності, структури та особливостей функціонування публічних фінансів в Україні, конкретизовано складові публічного сектору.Розглянуто особливості та сучасні тенденції публічних фінансів України, доведено їх суттєвий вплив на спроможність держави ефективно виконувати свої функції, сприяти економічному росту та забезпеченню цілей суспільного добробуту.У статті обгрунтовано актуальність дослідження питань щодо підвищення ефективності методів акумуляції та напрямків використання публічних коштів в Україні. Проаналізовано вимоги діючого законодавства щодо забезпечення відкритості їх витрачання та можливостей вільного доступу до цієї інформації з метою посилення суспільного контролю за використанням публічних коштів.Проведено аналіз доходів та видатків бюджетної системи, як ключового компонента системи публічних фінансів, за допомогою якого держава здійснює процеси перерозподілу ВВП шляхом використання фіскальних інструментів. Проаналізовано основні напрямки бюджетної політики України у 2019 – 2020 роках з точки зору її впливу на соціально – економічний розвиток країни.Сформульовано основні проблеми публічних фінансів та надано практичні рекомендації щодо зростання їх ефективності, які дозволять підвищити ефективність управління публічними фінансами.

The article is devoted to the issue of studying the possibility of developing political decentralized networks based on or following the example of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO), which are becoming increasingly common in the digital space. Their potential impact on the social institutions of society, including the system of state power, is analyzed. The article traces how the technological embodiment of antimonopoly and anti-state ideologies that have been actively developed in cyberspace can lead to a change in the very foundations of social institutions due to the absence of the need for a "third party" to guarantee the implementation of contracts and building responsible social relations.

The development of cyberspace is viewed through the prism of clashes of state interests seeking to establish control over the system of digital interactions, and multiple interest groups developing technological capabilities for autonomizing action by building protection based on cryptography. If not loosening, then breaking holes in the financial systems of states is an indicator of the success of decentralized finance projects, which means it stimulates the further development of DAOs and their possible transformation into decentralized political networks. The article also analyses the components of the new discipline Cryptonomics or Cryptoeconomics, showing serious scientific and methodological foundations for the development of DAO, which indicates in favor of the possibility of considering them as experimental platforms for the development of more global projects.

The article considers the special nature of the management of decentralized autonomous organizations based on financial incentives. A forecast is made regarding the next stage of confrontation between state structures and decentralized platforms. Conclusions are also drawn about the importance of the DAO for the development of the information society and the role of the intellectual elite in this confrontation.

Завдання дисципліни «Страхування» – засвоєння теоретичних та організаційних основ страхування; з'ясування об'єктивної необхідності, сутності й ролі страхування за умов переходу до економіки ринкового типу; висвітлення організації та шляхів розвитку страхового ринку і державного регулювання страхової діяльності; розгляд умов особистого страхування та страхування майна, відповідальності, а також перестрахування з позиції вітчизняного та зарубіжного досвіду; вивчення особливостей аналізу ринку страхування та шляхів підвищення фінансової стійкості страховика. Предмет дисципліни – економічні відносини, що виникають у процесі захисту майнових інтересів громадян і юридичних осіб у випадку настання страхових випадків, визначених договором страхування або чинним законодавством, за рахунок грошових фондів, що створюються зі страхових внесків. The task of «Іnsurance» is the assimilation of the theoretical and organizational foundations of insurance; figuring out the objective necessity of the entity and the role of insurance in the conditions of transition to a market economy type; coverage of the Organization and the ways of development of the insurance market and State regulation of insurance activity; the consideration of conditions of personal insurance and property insurance, liability, reinsurance as well as from the perspective of domestic and foreign experience. a study of the features of the analysis of the insurance market and ways to increase the financial stability of the insurer. The subject of discipline – economic relations that arise in the process of protection of property interests of citizens and legal persons in case of the occurrence of the insurance cases, determined by the insurance contract or the current legislation, at the expense of monetary funds that are paying premiums.

Problem setting. The development of the Ukrainian state is stipulated by the interaction of various external and internal factors that affect the socio-economic development of the country. These and other influences act from the outside, and objectively influence social processes in Ukraine. Because of this, the problem of the efficiency of public financial management comes to the fore, which in the new economic environment becomes of particular importance. The effectiveness of managerial actions, in this case, should be aimed at the effective use of public funds following their rational allocation, thus determining the main vectors of further development of the Ukrainian state. Recent research and publications analysis. Public finance management is the subject of research of many domestic and foreign scholars. In particular, there are interesting the works of such researchers as O. Dluhopolskyi, T. Yefymenko, O. Kyrylenko, S. Klimova, G. Kotina, I. Malyi, R. Allen, W. Crandall, V. Fritz, D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay, M. Mastruzzi, Minh Le T. and others. In their works, scholars study the main theoretical and practical aspects of public finance management, the features of their rational redistribution because of democratic processes and decentralization transformations in a given state. However, the rapid development of the world community and the changes that are taking place in Ukraine as a result of these transformations stipulate the necessity of deep and thorough research taking into consideration the economic conditions that are formed under the influence of global disturbances.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The article aims at substantiating the areas of improving the efficiency of public finance management in the new economic environment, basing on a study of the category of efficiency in public finance management, analysis of problems related to the distribution and redistribution of public funds in Ukraine.Paper main body. The effectiveness of public financial management should be seen as the ability of the government system to act in such a way as best to meet the requirements and challenges of the external environment, ensuring sufficient, rational and economically sound use of financial resources for the internal environment. Today, it is doubtful to say that public financial management in Ukraine is quite adequate, as there are too many problems in this area that need attention and immediate solution by public authorities: budget programs in modern realities provide for the financing of public institutions instead of financing services, which are provided by these institutions; ineffective system of control, monitoring and audit of the use of state funds, in particular, by the public in the absence of unique indicators for assessing the goals set in the process of using funds; high level of corruption of state authorities, which directly affects the procedures for distribution and use of state funds; high rates of public debt and budget deficit are evidences of a significant imbalance in the public finance system; macroeconomic and budgetary planning and forecasting often deal with political bias and biased data, poor forecast execution, and weak information and software; insufficient legal, institutional and methodological support of the public finance management process.These and other problems in the field of public finance management directly affect the socio-economic development of the Ukrainian state and its positioning on the world stage. In particular, this is evidenced by such an indicator as the Index of Economic Freedom, as well as the negative dynamics of the budget deficit in Ukraine in recent years.To this end, reform measures should be introduced in the field of public administration, which can be grouped into such areas as legal, institutional, organizational and technological. Regulatory and legal support of public finance management needs particular attention, as the measures presented in the Public Financial Management System Reform Strategy for 2017 – 2020 need a logical continuation in the new strategy. Accordingly, methodological support should be improved through the use of the latest methods and systems for assessing the effectiveness of public finances. The organizational direction should increase the transparency of the management system by improving the work of specialized analytical modules and information systems. The technological direction is based on the digitalization of public services, which is gaining more and more positions in the field of public administration.These areas are interrelated and designed to address the main tasks of improving public finance management, efficient use of financial resources of the state, reducing the budget deficit and further effective budgetary, tax and administrative reforms in the state.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. In current conditions, there are many unresolved problems in the state, which are related to the inefficient use of state funds and, on this basis, in the decline of public confidence in the authorities. Suggested directions of improving the efficiency of public financial management in the new economic environment reflect the necessity to change the legal, institutional, technological and organizational environment in Ukraine in the process of public financial management, due to the real need to take into account environmental changes and respond flexibly to challenges, which again and again arise in new conditions of the national and world economy functioning. ; Розглянуто особливості управління публічними фінансами в нових економічних умовах. Проаналізовано категорію ефективності у сфері управління публічними фінансами. Розглянуто проблеми, які пов'язані із ефективним розподілом та перерозподілом державних коштів в Україні. Обґрунтовано напрями підвищення ефективності управління публічними фінансами в нових економічних умовах.

Problem setting. The development of the Ukrainian state is stipulated by the interaction of various external and internal factors that affect the socio-economic development of the country. These and other influences act from the outside, and objectively influence social processes in Ukraine. Because of this, the problem of the efficiency of public financial management comes to the fore, which in the new economic environment becomes of particular importance. The effectiveness of managerial actions, in this case, should be aimed at the effective use of public funds following their rational allocation, thus determining the main vectors of further development of the Ukrainian state. Recent research and publications analysis. Public finance management is the subject of research of many domestic and foreign scholars. In particular, there are interesting the works of such researchers as O. Dluhopolskyi, T. Yefymenko, O. Kyrylenko, S. Klimova, G. Kotina, I. Malyi, R. Allen, W. Crandall, V. Fritz, D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay, M. Mastruzzi, Minh Le T. and others. In their works, scholars study the main theoretical and practical aspects of public finance management, the features of their rational redistribution because of democratic processes and decentralization transformations in a given state. However, the rapid development of the world community and the changes that are taking place in Ukraine as a result of these transformations stipulate the necessity of deep and thorough research taking into consideration the economic conditions that are formed under the influence of global disturbances.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The article aims at substantiating the areas of improving the efficiency of public finance management in the new economic environment, basing on a study of the category of efficiency in public finance management, analysis of problems related to the distribution and redistribution of public funds in Ukraine.Paper main body. The effectiveness of public financial management should be seen as the ability of the government system to act in such a way as best to meet the requirements and challenges of the external environment, ensuring sufficient, rational and economically sound use of financial resources for the internal environment. Today, it is doubtful to say that public financial management in Ukraine is quite adequate, as there are too many problems in this area that need attention and immediate solution by public authorities: budget programs in modern realities provide for the financing of public institutions instead of financing services, which are provided by these institutions; ineffective system of control, monitoring and audit of the use of state funds, in particular, by the public in the absence of unique indicators for assessing the goals set in the process of using funds; high level of corruption of state authorities, which directly affects the procedures for distribution and use of state funds; high rates of public debt and budget deficit are evidences of a significant imbalance in the public finance system; macroeconomic and budgetary planning and forecasting often deal with political bias and biased data, poor forecast execution, and weak information and software; insufficient legal, institutional and methodological support of the public finance management process.These and other problems in the field of public finance management directly affect the socio-economic development of the Ukrainian state and its positioning on the world stage. In particular, this is evidenced by such an indicator as the Index of Economic Freedom, as well as the negative dynamics of the budget deficit in Ukraine in recent years.To this end, reform measures should be introduced in the field of public administration, which can be grouped into such areas as legal, institutional, organizational and technological. Regulatory and legal support of public finance management needs particular attention, as the measures presented in the Public Financial Management System Reform Strategy for 2017 – 2020 need a logical continuation in the new strategy. Accordingly, methodological support should be improved through the use of the latest methods and systems for assessing the effectiveness of public finances. The organizational direction should increase the transparency of the management system by improving the work of specialized analytical modules and information systems. The technological direction is based on the digitalization of public services, which is gaining more and more positions in the field of public administration.These areas are interrelated and designed to address the main tasks of improving public finance management, efficient use of financial resources of the state, reducing the budget deficit and further effective budgetary, tax and administrative reforms in the state.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. In current conditions, there are many unresolved problems in the state, which are related to the inefficient use of state funds and, on this basis, in the decline of public confidence in the authorities. Suggested directions of improving the efficiency of public financial management in the new economic environment reflect the necessity to change the legal, institutional, technological and organizational environment in Ukraine in the process of public financial management, due to the real need to take into account environmental changes and respond flexibly to challenges, which again and again arise in new conditions of the national and world economy functioning. ; Розглянуто особливості управління публічними фінансами в нових економічних умовах. Проаналізовано категорію ефективності у сфері управління публічними фінансами. Розглянуто проблеми, які пов'язані із ефективним розподілом та перерозподілом державних коштів в Україні. Обґрунтовано напрями підвищення ефективності управління публічними фінансами в нових економічних умовах.

Revealed the essence of local finance manifested in economic relations, and their struc-ture is a combination of local budgets, special purpose budget funds; budget funds of local governments; public funds of funds banks if their share capital formed at the expense of lo-cal governments; fund municipal enterprises, institutions and organizations. The analysis on fundamental scientific research on local budgets. Defined-purpose local governments. Systematized theoretical definition of municipal finances. Formed impact of reform of lo-cal finance to ensure the improvement of socio-economic status of the region to the Euro-pean Union for more confident of Ukraine's integration into Europe. Found that imple-menting fiscal policy in terms of spending, local authorities are guided by the priorities of socio-economic development of the region or administrative unit in line with national principles defined government policy document. Discovered topical issues of local budgets as the existence of significant differences in the regulatory and legislative framework - the excessive centralization of local budgets unstable sources of local revenues inadequacy of intergovernmental relations. It was found that to radically change the existing system of functioning of local budgets, as required considerable time gap and improving the theoreti-cal and methodological and regulatory framework of the local budgets ; Выявлено суть местных финансов, которая проявляется в экономических отношени-ях, а их структура представляет собой совокупность бюджетов местного самоуправления, специальных бюджетных фондов целевого назначения; внебюджетных фондов органов местного самоуправления; фондов денежных средств коммунальных банков, если их уставный капитал образуется за счет средств местного самоуправления; фондов комму-нальных предприятий, учреждений и организаций. Сделан анализ фундаментальных на-учных разработок по вопросам формирования местных бюджетов. Определено назначение местных бюджетов. Систематизировано теоретическое определение ...