Fiscal consolidation and firm growth in developing countries: evidence from firm-level data
In: The journal of development studies
ISSN: 1743-9140
In: The journal of development studies
ISSN: 1743-9140
World Affairs Online
Blog: Wirtschaftliche Freiheit
Der massive Einsatz der Fiskalpolitik in der Weltfinanzkrise nach 2007 und in der Corona-Pandemie 2020/21 hat die Staatsschulden nach oben getrieben, die Schuldenquoten sind auf …
"GastbeitragWie kommen die USA vom Schuldenberg herunter?" weiterlesen
Der Beitrag <b>Gastbeitrag</b><br>Wie kommen die USA vom Schuldenberg herunter? erschien zuerst auf Wirtschaftliche Freiheit.
In: Loccumer Protokolle 2022,73
In: Journal of European integration: Revue d'intégration européenne, Band 45, Heft 2, S. 257-273
ISSN: 1477-2280
World Affairs Online
In: European monographs series set volume 117
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of European integration: Revue d'intégration européenne, Band 45, Heft 1, S. 203-221
ISSN: 1477-2280
World Affairs Online
In: IDOS policy brief, 2023, 22
The Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the G20 aims to reduce harmful tax avoidance and evasion by multinational enterprises (MNEs), which creates large losses in governments' revenues. In times of multiple crises, many governments urgently seek additional revenue sources to finance public expenditures for sustainable development. In particular, many low- and lower-middle-income countries have tax-to-GDP ratios of less than 15 per cent, which is insufficient to provide basic public goods such as health, education and infrastructure for their populations. This policy brief evaluates the achievements and remaining challenges of the BEPS Project to mobilise more domestic revenues, in particular in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). After the financial crisis of 2009, the G20 mandated the OECD with the design and implementation of the BEPS Project. The goal was to identify and tackle the most pressing issues that led to the erosion of corporate tax bases in their member countries. A key issue is the phenomenon that MNEs avoid large amounts of tax by shifting their profits from affiliates in high-tax countries to affiliates in low-tax countries. In 2013, the OECD presented its 15-point agenda to tackle BEPS in OECD member states. However, global tax avoidance and profit shifting can only be effectively addressed if a large number of countries is on board. Thus, in 2016, the Project opened for non-OECD/G20 countries to join the Inclusive Framework on BEPS and the implementation process of the BEPS Action Plan. However, tax administrations of many LMICs complain about the highly complex rules designed under the BEPS Action Plan that are not adapted to their context-specific capacities and needs. Today, the Inclusive Framework on BEPS has 145 member countries, and the implementation of the BEPS Action Plan is almost finished. Preliminary academic evidence shows that the overall impact of the BEPS Project in reducing global tax avoidance and profit shifting is indeed limited. According to recent estimates, tax revenue losses due to profit shifting even increased from 9 to 10 per cent in the first years when anti-BEPS measures were implemented (see Wier & Zucman, 2022). Since there is no counterfactual world in which the BEPS Project did not take place, we can only assume that tax avoidance would have increased even more in the absence of the Project. However, the BEPS Project is still considered the biggest overhaul of global tax rules since the last century. Positive achievements include increased awareness of MNEs' profit shifting behaviour, as well as the agreement on a global minimum tax. To tackle BEPS challenges more successfully – globally and in particular in LMICs – international tax coopera¬tion needs to become more effective in three dimensions: Inclusive decision-making process: Countries should show more political will to combat tax avoidance and stop blocking more comprehensive international tax reforms. Truly inclusive cooperation between OECD and non-OECD countries is needed. Mandatory implementation: Many BEPS Actions were voluntary standards and, thus, not many countries introduced them into their domestic tax laws. To fight BEPS effectively, more mandatory tax rules need to be included in future reform packages. Simplified rules: Several BEPS Actions were watered down and became highly complex because individual countries bargained for carve-outs. Future inter¬national tax rules need to be more ambitious and simplified in this regard. Bilateral and multilateral development cooperation agencies should provide low-income countries with capacity building and assistance in implementing tax rules.
World Affairs Online
In: Cambridge law handbooks
"Written by experts in the field, this volume offers an in-depth and forward-looking legal, economic, and political science analysis of the rationale, main features, as well as the shortcomings of European economic, monetary, and financial integration. It is primarily intended for an academic audience and policymakers"--
Cover -- Hinweis zum Urheberrecht -- Titel -- Impressum -- Vorwort zur 2. Auflage -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- 1 Grundlagen -- 2 Ökonomische Modelle: Zielkonflikte und Handel -- Anhang zu 2: Grafische Darstellungen in der Volkswirtschaftslehre -- 3 Angebot und Nachfrage -- 4 Konsumentenrente und Produzentenrente -- 5 Preisvorschriften und Mengenbeschränkungen: Der Markt schlägt zurück -- 6 Elastizität -- 7 Steuern -- 8 Internationaler Handel -- 9 Die Entscheidungsfindung von Personen und Unternehmen -- Anhang zu 9: Entscheidungen, bei denen Zeit eine Rolle spielt: Der Barwert -- 10 Der rationale Verbraucher -- Anhang zu 10: Konsumentenpräferenzen und Konsumentscheidung -- 11 Hinter der Angebotskurve: Inputs und Kosten -- 12 Vollständige Konkurrenz und die Angebotskurve -- 13 Monopol -- 14 Oligopole -- 15 Monopolistische Konkurrenz -- 16 Externalitäten -- 17 Öffentliche Güter und Allmendegüter -- 18 Die Ökonomie des Wohlfahrtsstaates -- 19 Faktormärkte und Einkommensverteilung -- Anhang zu 19: Indifferenzkurvenanalyse des Arbeitsangebotes -- 20 Unsicherheit, Risiko und private Informationen -- 21 Makroökonomik: Ein Überblick -- 22 BIP und Inflation: Die quantitative Erfassung des makroökonomischen Geschehens -- 23 Arbeitslosigkeit und Inflation -- 24 Das langfristige Wachstum -- 25 Sparen, Investitionsausgaben und das Finanzsystem -- 26 Einnahmen und Ausgaben -- Anhang zu 26: Die mathematische Herleitung des Multiplikators -- 27 Gesamtwirtschaftliches Angebot und gesamtwirtschaftliche Nachfrage -- 28 Fiskalpolitik -- Anhang zu 28: Steuern und der Multiplikator -- 29 Geld, Banken und Zentralbanken -- 30 Geldpolitik -- Anhang zu 30: Die zwei Modelle zur Erklärung des Zinssatzes zusammenführen -- 31 Inflation, Desinflation und Deflation -- 32 Makroökonomik: Ereignisse und Ideen -- 33 Die Makroökonomik der offenen Volkswirtschaft -- Stichwortverzeichnis.
Public policy is language use -- Communicating in policymaking -- Definition: describe the problem -- Evaluation: analyze and advise -- Legislative history: know the record -- Position paper: know the arguments -- Petition, proposal, letter: request action -- Brief opinion, ordinance: inform governance -- Testimony: witness in a public hearing -- Public comment: influence administration -- Conclusion: ethics for policy communicators.
In: Journal of common market studies: JCMS, Band 61, Heft 1, S. 143-160
ISSN: 1468-5965
World Affairs Online
In: Studien zu Lateinamerika Band 46
In: Nomos eLibrary
In: Open Access
Die lateinamerikanischen Gesellschaften sind historisch von einer obszönen Ungleichheit geprägt und werden immer wieder von schweren Finanzkrisen erschüttert. Am Beispiel Argentiniens geht das Buch den systematischen Gründen für den Verzicht auf eine gezielte Besteuerung von Reichtum durch die lateinamerikanischen Regierungen der sogenannten Linkswende nach. Mit seinem rententheoretischen Zugang zu einer materialistischen Staats- und Gesellschaftstheorie des Steuerstaats leistet das Buch einen neuen Beitrag zur Debatte um Staatlichkeit, Fiskalität, Steuerpolitik und Reichtumsbesteuerung im globalen Süden.
In: Ukraine-Analysen, Band 276, S. 2-6
ISSN: 1862-555X
World Affairs Online