Suchergebnisse

The police, as well as other government agencies is a rather conservative mechanism not prone to rapid changes of style, techniques and methods of work and management methods as well. Despite more than a four-year "experience" of police reform in Russia, the police, is still the subject of constant criticism both from policing practitioners and theorists. This article describes the "cooperative" management system. The goal of the proposed material to the reader is the opening for the Russian reader leadership practices of the German police. The authors suggest that familiarity with the data presented below will help the continued practice of reforming of the Russian police, as well as police forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Today, both in Europe and Russia the traditional authoritarian system management and administration of the force dominates the fact that due to authors does not meet modern requirements of a changing and globalizing society and in the Police Science there is almost complete lack of international studies and those present are very scattered and fragmentary. It seems that this material will be useful for the further work of managers in the Russian police and possibly other countries of the so-called the former Soviet Union.

A city may be represented by spatial networks. The mathematical structure that defines a spatial network is a graph, which is constructed from a set of nodes and a set of edges. According to the meaning we assign to nodes and edges, different types of graphs describing urban networks may be obtained, each of them with their special characteristics. In this paper, we study five different types of graphs associated to the spatial network of the urban layout. They are briefly described and compared pointing out their main features. A case study is performed using the urban network of Alicante, Spain. By means of the study of the distribution of degrees of each one of the graphs obtained experimentally certain conclusions are obtained about the morphology of the urban network itself. ; This work was partially supported by the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competividad, which reference number is TIN2014-53855-P.