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A review essay on a book by the Minister Foreign Affairs, Commission for the Publication of Diplomatic Documents, I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani, Ottavo Serie 1935-1939 ([Italian Diplomatic Documents, Series VIII 1935-1939. Vols. IX and X] Rome: Instit Poligrafico & Zecca Stato, 2003).

Outlines the decisions of European foreign affairs ministers following the 11 Sept terrorist attack in the US. Among resolutions adopted were the condemnation of the attacks; an agreement to support a coalition against terrorism; petitioning Israel to withdraw from occupied zone A; fiscal measures to boost & encourage cooperation in the European-Mediterranean economy; & programs to address social, cultural, & human problems in the region. J. Sadler

The present article deals with the political-diplomatic relations between Italy and Chile since the rise of fascism until the beginning of the 1930s. In particular, a special focus is devoted to the visit of the famous fascist journalist and writer Mario Appelius to Chile in 1929. Indeed, the study of that visit allows to assess the number of initiatives endeavoured by the Rome government with the purpose of gaining ground in Chile, as well as the features of the future actions of the fascist regime aimed at projecting his presence in the country. Moreover, the visit revealed the special attention that Mussolini regime paid for the Italian-Chilean community and for the local political dynamics. The article is mainly based on primary sources, drawn from the Historical-Diplomatic Archive of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (ASDMAE), from the Italian Central State Archive and from General Historical Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile.

In a round-table discussion held at the U of Pavia on 22 April 2002, in collaboration with the Foreign Affairs Ministry & the university's political science department, the following participants offered their opinions on the effort to reconstruct Afghanistan & Italy's place in it: Enrico De Maio (special envoy to Afghanistan), Anna Dell Croce (embassy adviser), Sergio Romano (Corriere della Sera), Giovanni Porzio (Panomrama), & Giampaolo Calchi Novati (U of Pavia). They offered overviews of Afghanistan's history & the colonial experience in Central & South Asia, US foreign policy, & the war on terror. A. Siegel

After the beginning of the experience of the center-left government in the early sixties, Italy proposes an independent and original foreign policy, consistent with its position in the Mediterranean, across the border between East and West. The preferred partner within the Warsaw Pact is Romania, considered the vanguard of a political process of internal liberalization and of political emancipation of Eastern Europe from Soviet-communism. So far, the limited historiography on the Italo-Romanian relationships has taken into account almost exclusively the economic and trade agreements. This paper, on the basis of largely unpublished documentation at the Senato della Repubblica and at the Central State's Archive in Italy, analyzes instead the main international issues of the meetings between Bucharest and Rome, namely the Détente, the Sino-Soviet conflict, the peace building in the South-East Asia, the Middle-East, the CSCE. The unpublished diary of statesman Amintore Fanfani, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1965 to 1968, reveals how the Italian ruling class has a substantial confidence in Ion Gheorghe Maurer and Corneliu Mănescu and high expectations around an alleged non-alignment of Romania. On the other hand, the correspondence from the Italian Embassy in Bucharest for Aldo Moro (Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1969 to 1972 and from 1973 to 1974), describes the violent and authoritarian temper of the regime established by Ceauşescu in his country. In any case the Italian strategy seems then to reappraise the special partnership with Romania, in favor of a multilateral approach to the problem of Détente within the continental conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Recent European Union conventions, treaties, & declarations (eg, the 2000 Treaty of Nice, the 2001 Declaration of Laeken, & plenary sessions) deal with issues ranging from the European Convention, the drafting of a European constitution, & the accession of the new European Union member states in May 2004. A chronology is provided, as well as a schema of European governance (the European Parliament, the Council of Europe, the Council of Ministers, European defense, foreign affairs, & the European Commission). A. Siegel

In the first part, the essay provides a general overview of Italian foreign policy towards Southeastern Europe in the 1920s. In its second and more detailed part, it deals with the year 1928, which was particularly troubled in the Balkans and mainly in Yugoslavia, and with the political and diplomatic initiatives implemented by Rome towards the area and in particular towards the SHS Kingdom. The study highlights some of the uncertainties of this policy (e.g., regarding the support given to the Croatian and Macedonian national movements) that stemmed from the opinions of Mussolini, but also of Dino Grandi, un-dersecretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and from those of the network of Italian diplomats in the Balkan capitals. Particularly significant information and suggestions came from Minister Galli, the Italian representative in Belgrade.

This article deals with some aspects of political–diplomatic relations between Italy and Latin America in the period between the immediate post–World War II period and the mid–1950s. This is a period not yet investigated by historiography, except for some works by Aldo Albónico, based on a first analysis of the Italian diplomatic documentation – which date back to the end of the 1980s – and the subsequent ones by Ludovico Incisa di Camerana. The article is based, as well as on the existing literature, on the collection of Italian diplomatic documents, to date until June 30, 1952, and, as regards the Chilean case, on the documents available at the Historical–Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The essay discusses theoretical and practical aspects of politics, war and diplomacy in late fifteenth-century Italy, using Machiavelli's works as an example of theory, Venetian foreign policy as an example of practice. The attempt to present Machiavelli as a founding father of the Realist school of International Relations is considered and dismissed. Major features of Machiavelli's thought are treated: his vision of the intimate connections between foreign affairs, war and political life; his distinguishing power from force; and his grasp of the importance of reputation. The value of these as a guide to the politics of Italy between 1454 and 1494 is assessed, with particular reference to Venice, and to the merits and defects of Machiavelli's famous comparison between ancient Rome and Venice. The career of Roberto di Sanseverino is examined to show that one premise upon which that comparison was based, that condottieri were unreliable, was sometimes well founded.