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This article traces the historical development of the term "genocide" and discusses how it evolved from a post-World War II concept into a key component of international criminal law. Dr. O'Brien outlines some of the legal challenges that attend several of the key terms in the generally accepted definition of genocide: 'destroy', 'in part', 'groups', 'intent', and so on. She then concludes with an important and politically nuanced point essential to understanding the politics and afterlife of the Rwanda genocide – the weight of the "g" word.

The persecution of Christians in the Islamic East is discussed. Some 75% of those suffering religious persecution are Christians. Adapted from the source document.

A STUDY OF THE BOTHA REGIME'S OWN POPULATION STATISTICS SHOWS HOW APATHEID LEADS TO EVER-INCREASING DEPRIVATION AND SUFFERING FOR THE BLACK MAJORITY. IN SOME AREAS THE POPULATION IS DOOMED TO EXTINCTION.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Entries -- List of Primary Documents -- Preface -- Introduction -- Overview -- Causes -- Consequences -- Perpetrators -- Victims -- Bystanders -- International Reaction -- A-Z Entries -- Primary Documents -- Perspective Essays -- What Was the Primary Cause of the Darfur Genocide? -- Is the Conflict in Darfur an Example of a Just Case for Intervention? -- Chronology -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- List of Contributors -- Index -- About the Editor.

IF WE ACCEPT COLIN POWELL'S ASSURANCE THAT GENOCIDE HAS BEEN COMMITTED IN SUDAN'S DARFUR REGION, THEN DON'T WE HAVE A LEGAL OBLIGATION TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT — OR IS THIS ABOUT SOMETHING ELSE ALTOGETHER?

In the last two decades, the field of comparative genocide studies has produced an increasingly rich literature on the targeting of various groups for extermination and other atrocities, throughout history and around the contemporary world. However, the phenomenon of "genocides by the oppressed," that is, retributive genocidal actions carried out by subaltern actors, has received almost no attention. The prominence in such genocides of non-state actors, combined with the perceived moral ambiguities of retributive genocide that arise in analyzing genocidal acts "from below," have so far eluded serious investigation. Genocides by the Oppressed addresses this oversight, opening the subject of subaltern genocide for exploration by scholars of genocide, ethnic conflict, and human rights. Focusing on case studies of such genocide, the contributors explore its sociological, anthropological, psychological, symbolic, and normative dimensions.

There are few parallels to the human holocaust that took place in Burundi in
1972 in the wake of a tortuous competitive struggle between the country's two
major ethnic groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi. Scarcely noticed (let alone
understood) by public opinion anywhere, the killings are conservatively estimated
to have caused between 80,000 and 100,000 deaths. Approximately 3.5 percent of the
country's total population (3.5 million) were physically wiped out in a period of
a few weeks. In comparative terms this is as if England had suffered a loss of 2
million or the United States about 8 million people. To speak of "selective
genocide" in describing the outcome of such large-scale political violence seems
scarcely an exaggeration.

There are few parallels to the human holocaust that took place in Burundi in 1972 in the wake of a tortuous competitive struggle between the country's two major ethnic groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi. Scarcely noticed (let alone understood) by public opinion anywhere, the killings are conservatively estimated to have caused between 80,000 and 100,000 deaths. Approximately 3.5 percent of the country's total population (3.5 million) were physically wiped out in a period of a few weeks. In comparative terms this is as if England had suffered a loss of 2 million or the United States about 8 million people. To speak of "selective genocide" in describing the outcome of such large-scale political violence seems scarcely an exaggeration.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface -- Photographs -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Seized of Sorrow -- Part 1: History and Culture -- 1. Genocide and Global/World History: Reflections -- 2. Genocide and Holocaust -- 3. Motivations and Justifications for Genocide in the Long Nineteenth Century -- 4. Genocide and the West -- 5. Religion, Genocide, and Islamic State -- 6. The Bangladeshi Genocide in Comparative Perspective -- 7. The Rohingya: Genocide in Myanmar? -- 8. Challenges of Genocide Intervention -- 9. Chomsky and Genocide -- 10. The Great Lakes Genocides: Hidden Histories, Hidden Precedents -- 11. Denying Rwanda, Denying Congo -- Part 2: Gendering Genocide -- 12. Gender, Genocide, and Gendercide -- 13. Gendering Rwanda: Genocide and Post-Genocide -- 14. Masculinities and Vulnerabilities in the Rwandan and Congolese Genocides -- 15. Sexual Violence against Males in War and Genocide: Advances, Obstacles, Challenges -- 16. Interview by Noah Berlatsky -- 17. Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Men and Boys -- 18. Interview by Rosanna Deerchild on CBC Unreserved -- Coda: What Leads to Genocide? -- Index.

1. Never again? : from the Holocaust to the Genocide Convention -- 2. The Genocide Convention -- 3. Explaining genocide -- 4. Perpetrators, bystanders, victims and rescuers -- 5. Genocide during the Cold War -- 6. Genocide after the Cold War -- 7. Genocide and humanitarian intervention -- 8. Justice and prevention.