Suchergebnisse

The German High Command (OHL) and the Foreign Office (Aus Amt) searched for new military strategies in an attempt to bring the war to an end after the horrendous losses of 1916. Specifically, they were horrified by the inability to advance on the Western Front – the trenches. Although the navy was blockaded in port in Kiel, they hoped that submarines could severely hamper the war effort of the Entente Powers. An important supply line was through the Mediterranean, and after losing their alliance with Italy in 1915, they saw neutral Spain as a possible base for submarine operations. Neutral Spain would also be used as part of a spy ring aimed at damaging their enemies' war effort. The effort of the German authorities was a combination of diplomacy and covert actions to implement their plans. Although ultimately unsuccessful, the use of submarines and spies revealed Germany's desperate attempt to bring the Great War a quick end in 1917. ; El Alto mando alemán (OHL) y la Oficina de Relaciones Exteriores exploraron nuevas estrategias militares en su esfuerzo por poner fin a la guerra luego de las terribles pérdidas en 1916. Las trincheras les horrorizaron por la imposibilidad de ganar terreno en el frente occidental. A pesar del bloqueo naval en el puerto de Kiel, se mostraron esperanzados en la capacidad de los submarinos para impactar adversamente el esfuerzo de guerra de los poderes de la Entente. Luego de perder el apoyo de Italia en 1915 y dado el hecho de que una línea importante de suministros atravesaba el Mediterráneo. España, como nación neutral, podría desempeñar un rol importante en una cadena de espionaje diseñada para impactar adversamente el esfuerzo de guerra del enemigo. Las autoridades alemanas combinaron diplomacia y actividades secretas en la implementación de sus planes. A pesar de su eventual fracaso, el uso de submarinos y el espionaje evidenció los desesperados esfuerzos alemanes por terminar de manera rápida la Gran Guerra en 1917.

In September 2015, the Volkswagen Group (VW) admitted the use of 'defeat devices' designed to lower emissions measured during VW vehicle testing for regulatory purposes. Globally, 11 million cars sold between 2008 and 2015 are affected, including about 2.6 million in Germany. On-road emissions tests have yielded mean on-road NO[subscript x] emissions for these cars of 0.85 g km[superscript −1], over four times the applicable European limit of 0.18 g km[superscript −1]. This study estimates the human health impacts and costs associated with excess emissions from VW cars driven in Germany. A distribution of on-road emissions factors is derived from existing measurements and combined with sales data and a vehicle fleet model to estimate total excess NO[subscript x] emissions. These emissions are distributed on a 25 by 28 km grid covering Europe, using the German Federal Environmental Protection Agency's (UBA) estimate of the spatial distribution of NO[subscript x] emissions from passenger cars in Germany. We use the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model to predict the corresponding increase in population exposure to fine particulate matter and ozone in the European Union, Switzerland, and Norway, and a set of concentration-response functions to estimate mortality outcomes in terms of early deaths and of life-years lost. Integrated over the sales period (2008–2015), we estimate median mortality impacts from VW excess emissions in Germany to be 1200 premature deaths in Europe, corresponding to 13 000 life-years lost and 1.9 billion EUR in costs associated with life-years lost. Approximately 60% of mortality costs occur outside Germany. For the current fleet, we estimate that if on-road emissions for all affected VW vehicles in Germany are reduced to the applicable European emission standard by the end of 2017, this would avert 29 000 life-years lost and 4.1 billion 2015 EUR in health costs (median estimates) relative to a counterfactual case with no recall. ; Germany. Umweltbundesamt (UBA)

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibliothek -- 4 Aug 1021 -1,2

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Res/4 J.publ.g. 1246,10

Bibliogr. Nachweis: GW II, Sp.350 [16. Jh.] HC 1150. Ritter, Inc. alsac. II, 826. BM STC Germany S. 34. Schreiber 3335 ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Rar. 1567

In 1609 the Duke of Julich, a rich prince whose territories lay in the Rhineland, had died without issue. His only heirs were his cousins the Elector of Brandenburg and the Duke of Neuburg, both of whom were Protestants. Henry IV was bent on supporting the claims of these princes. The Emperor, meanwhile had sent an army to occupy Julich. In reply, Henry IV announced his intention of putting himself at the head of an army to expel the Emperor's troops. The conquest of Julich came in August, 1610, after the monarch's death and at the instruction of the Queen, Marie de Medicis, and her counselors. This pamphlet outlines the articles of surrender given to the troops occupying the garrison at Julich. ; Electronic reproduction ; 8 p. ; 16 cm.

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibliothek -- 4 S 453 A

The domestic and international transmission mechanism of fiscal policy shocks are analysed in the United States and in Germany. Using a Bayesian VAR approach, we find that in both of these countries a fiscal expansion is associated with increases in output as well as in private consumption and investment. The terms of trade, which affect the international transmission of fiscal policy shocks, depreciate in response to a fiscal expansion, thus transferring some of the increased domestic purchasing power abroad. A US government spending shock is expansionary for all non-US G7 members. A German government spending shock is expansionary for most, but not all European economies, both within and outside the euro area. The dynamics of the BVAR can be rationalised using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model where heterogeneous households and firms face borrowing constraints.

Andreas Osiander ; Fingerprint nach Ex. d. HAAB Weimar, der HAB Wolfenbüttel und der Bibliothek des LAELKB ; Bibliogr. Nachweis: BNHCat O 192, Seebass, Bibliogr. Osiandrica 31 und VD16 O 1116 ; In Fraktur ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Res/4 Asc. 1230,23

The literature has pointed out the negative aspects of political dynasties. But can political dynasties help prevent autocratic reversals? We argue that political dynasties differ according to their ideological origin and that those whose founder was a defender of democratic ideals, for simplicity labelled "pro-democratic dynasties", show stronger support for democracy. We analyze the vote by the French parliament on July 10, 1940 of an enabling act that granted full power to Marshall Philippe Pétain, thereby ending the Third French Republic and aligning France with Nazi Germany. Using data collected from the biographies of parliamentarians and information on their voting behavior, we find that members of a pro-democratic dynasty were 9.6 to 15.1 percentage points more likely to oppose the act than other parliamentarians. We report evidence that socialization inside and outside parliament shaped the vote of parliamentarians. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress

[Johan Albrecht] ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999/4Liturg.48

[Johan Albrecht] ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 4 Liturg. 308

Durch Er Christoff von Haugwitz Canonicum zu Bautzen inn der obern Lausznitz geschrieben ; In Fraktur ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 4 J.can.p. 429

di Niccolò Machivelli ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Res/4 Ital. 267#Beibd.1

Mit einer Vorrede Philippi Melanthon ; Bibliograph. Nachweis: Benzing 2915; VD16 L 7351 ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- 4 H.ref. 533