Suchergebnisse

This study of the education system of Germany is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The study begins with the historical and socio-cultural background of the German educational system which is followed by the description of the organizational and administrative context of the current education system. The next step is the functioning of the current education system, beginning with a structural overview and followed by an analysis of the different levels of the education system, including, as a separate chapter, post-secondary and tertiary education. The country study ends with an analysis of current problems and discussions, and opens perspectives for further development. A diagram illustrating the structural scheme of the German educational system is part of this article. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

Draws on event coverage (total N = 2,470) in the Berlin-based daily newspaper, die tageszeitung (the taz) to explore 1988-1997 German environmental protest. Discussion opens with an overview of German environmentalism, whose 1970s emergence was marked by three concurrent advances: development of local & independent citizen action groups, revitalization of extant nature conservation groups, & emergence of loose networks of individuals & groups given to a general conception of political ecology. There was a significant but not dramatic change in the number of protests, peaking in 1988 & hitting its nadir in 1991. Aggregate data show relatively stable protest activity since 1993/94. Regional variation is discussed, indicating that Lower Saxony had the largest number of protests, seen as a function of the nuclear energy issue, which was the target of 50+% of all environmental protests. Four forms of protest are distinguished: conventional, demonstrative, confrontational, & property/person violence. These are then linked to the protest issues, with confrontational & violent protests most connected to energy. Attention turns to protest organization; the networking of organizations; & the territorial (subnational, national, & transnational) levels of mobilization. It is concluded that the German environmental movement is not in decline, with no remarkable change in protest patterns over time. The continuity of the nuclear energy issue over time is contemplated in closing. 8 Tables, 5 Figures. J. Zendejas

Draws on event coverage (total N = 2,470) in the Berlin-based daily newspaper, die tageszeitung (the taz) to explore 1988-1997 German environmental protest. Discussion opens with an overview of German environmentalism, whose 1970s emergence was marked by three concurrent advances: development of local & independent citizen action groups, revitalization of extant nature conservation groups, & emergence of loose networks of individuals & groups given to a general conception of political ecology. There was a significant but not dramatic change in the number of protests, peaking in 1988 & hitting its nadir in 1991. Aggregate data show relatively stable protest activity since 1993/94. Regional variation is discussed, indicating that Lower Saxony had the largest number of protests, seen as a function of the nuclear energy issue, which was the target of 50+% of all environmental protests. Four forms of protest are distinguished: conventional, demonstrative, confrontational, & property/person violence. These are then linked to the protest issues, with confrontational & violent protests most connected to energy. Attention turns to protest organization; the networking of organizations; & the territorial (subnational, national, & transnational) levels of mobilization. It is concluded that the German environmental movement is not in decline, with no remarkable change in protest patterns over time. The continuity of the nuclear energy issue over time is contemplated in closing. 8 Tables, 5 Figures. J. Zendejas