Suchergebnisse

The article discusses the most important changes in the Lithuanian tax system, which took effect on 1 January 2009. The main focus is on tax payment trends, i.e. what are the patterns of tax revenue stream determined by the legal basis, how the revenue stream is influenced by legislative changes, what is the relationship between the country's economic situation and the main sources of national budget revenue (value added, individual and company income taxes, excise duties). Changes in the tax system can be divided into several categories: changes in tax rates, abolition of tax exemptions, changes in tax calculation, declaration and payment procedures. All of these changes were a challenge to both taxpayers and tax administrators due to an extremely short period between amendments to legislation and the actual moment when they came into force. It should be noted, however, that, although the changes in the tax system provided additional income to the national budget, the contracting economy forced the national government to reduce the expectations related to the tax revenue stream. The article also contains a few alternative views on the growth in the black economy, which is often said to be one of the consequences of tax system changes. Moreover, the so-called "Phoenix" syndrome is discussed.

The article discusses the most important changes in the Lithuanian tax system, which took effect on 1 January 2009. The main focus is on tax payment trends, i.e. what are the patterns of tax revenue stream determined by the legal basis, how the revenue stream is influenced by legislative changes, what is the relationship between the country's economic situation and the main sources of national budget revenue (value added, individual and company income taxes, excise duties). Changes in the tax system can be divided into several categories: changes in tax rates, abolition of tax exemptions, changes in tax calculation, declaration and payment procedures. All of these changes were a challenge to both taxpayers and tax administrators due to an extremely short period between amendments to legislation and the actual moment when they came into force. It should be noted, however, that, although the changes in the tax system provided additional income to the national budget, the contracting economy forced the national government to reduce the expectations related to the tax revenue stream. The article also contains a few alternative views on the growth in the black economy, which is often said to be one of the consequences of tax system changes. Moreover, the so-called "Phoenix" syndrome is discussed.

The article discusses the most important changes in the Lithuanian tax system, which took effect on 1 January 2009. The main focus is on tax payment trends, i.e. what are the patterns of tax revenue stream determined by the legal basis, how the revenue stream is influenced by legislative changes, what is the relationship between the country's economic situation and the main sources of national budget revenue (value added, individual and company income taxes, excise duties). Changes in the tax system can be divided into several categories: changes in tax rates, abolition of tax exemptions, changes in tax calculation, declaration and payment procedures. All of these changes were a challenge to both taxpayers and tax administrators due to an extremely short period between amendments to legislation and the actual moment when they came into force. It should be noted, however, that, although the changes in the tax system provided additional income to the national budget, the contracting economy forced the national government to reduce the expectations related to the tax revenue stream. The article also contains a few alternative views on the growth in the black economy, which is often said to be one of the consequences of tax system changes. Moreover, the so-called "Phoenix" syndrome is discussed.

The article discusses the most important changes in the Lithuanian tax system, which took effect on 1 January 2009. The main focus is on tax payment trends, i.e. what are the patterns of tax revenue stream determined by the legal basis, how the revenue stream is influenced by legislative changes, what is the relationship between the country's economic situation and the main sources of national budget revenue (value added, individual and company income taxes, excise duties). Changes in the tax system can be divided into several categories: changes in tax rates, abolition of tax exemptions, changes in tax calculation, declaration and payment procedures. All of these changes were a challenge to both taxpayers and tax administrators due to an extremely short period between amendments to legislation and the actual moment when they came into force. It should be noted, however, that, although the changes in the tax system provided additional income to the national budget, the contracting economy forced the national government to reduce the expectations related to the tax revenue stream. The article also contains a few alternative views on the growth in the black economy, which is often said to be one of the consequences of tax system changes. Moreover, the so-called "Phoenix" syndrome is discussed.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

Under conditions of open economy the Stability of the banking system of states operating under conditions of open economy them, including Lithuania, mostly depends on the condition of world economy and the state of fi­nancial markets. Therefore financial crises and their effect on the economies of countries and, stability of the fi­nancial sector are analyzed by scientists in different countries. In scientific researches analyzing on banking crises the crisis of the banking system in Sweden in the beginning of 1991 was at the time then an extraordinary phenomenon, as over time the Swedish banking system was considered stable and able to handle any crisis, and this forced the government of the country to undertake large scale operations to rescue the financial system of the country. The analysis of the reasons of the Swedish bank crisis reveals that bank regulation procedures and regulations rules to be used during a crisis have to be legalized. It is too risky to rely on quick decisions and measures adopted taken during a crisis and quick instruments as was the case in 1991 during the crisis in Sweden. Moreover, it is necessary to find Methods to reduce the tension between the bank creditors and its owners have to be found and help them find common solutions. The fact that the measures used to tackle the bank crisis in Sweden were effective and that the crisis management of crisis is presented as exemplary in scientific literature shows that during this crisis suitable. [to full text]

The global economics goes cycle after cycle. After every boom follow recession, after every recession follow boom. Governments made different sollutions of their politics for every cycle of economics. The subject of research is the impact of financial crises on economics, the objective of the work – to sift the impact of financial crises on economics and to make the system of recovery of economics. In order to achieve this goal, are set these basics tasks: to analyse basic consequences of financial crises, to analyze basic means, which were made to recover economics, to analyze results of a few researchs, to make a forecast of recovery of economics in Lithuania and to compare with the recovery of the world. In this paper are presented basic financial crises from 1636. These financial crises are allocated related to their main reason. There are written the impact of financial crises and means, which were made by governments to help for countries and people. In theory, it is simple to know all the best means for economics, but it is difficult to practise them in specific country and situation. All means can affect economics not like it is necessary. The forecast confirm actual values with error of 1-3%. Because of this, the conclusion is made, that predictive values in 2010 happened in the world and in Lithuania too. The paper consists of three parts. The size of this paper is 45 pages. There are 6 tables and 14 pictures in this paper. 52 sources of literary are used.

The global economics goes cycle after cycle. After every boom follow recession, after every recession follow boom. Governments made different sollutions of their politics for every cycle of economics. The subject of research is the impact of financial crises on economics, the objective of the work – to sift the impact of financial crises on economics and to make the system of recovery of economics. In order to achieve this goal, are set these basics tasks: to analyse basic consequences of financial crises, to analyze basic means, which were made to recover economics, to analyze results of a few researchs, to make a forecast of recovery of economics in Lithuania and to compare with the recovery of the world. In this paper are presented basic financial crises from 1636. These financial crises are allocated related to their main reason. There are written the impact of financial crises and means, which were made by governments to help for countries and people. In theory, it is simple to know all the best means for economics, but it is difficult to practise them in specific country and situation. All means can affect economics not like it is necessary. The forecast confirm actual values with error of 1-3%. Because of this, the conclusion is made, that predictive values in 2010 happened in the world and in Lithuania too. The paper consists of three parts. The size of this paper is 45 pages. There are 6 tables and 14 pictures in this paper. 52 sources of literary are used.

As the country's negative balance of payments indicators may signal the country's future economic downturn or causes of the crisis, it is necessary to understand how these variables influence country's decisions and determine whether these characteristics can help predict future currency crises in the country, also known as the balance of payments crisis. The paper of master degree analyzes the balance of payments crisis situation and its likelihood of occurring in Lithuania. A study carried out is relevant because the scientific literature does not provide any analysis regarding the Lithuanian balance of payments crisis over the past few years. It is especially relevant in Lithuania as the worldwide events in the recent years have led to a rapid decline of the Lithuanian economy. It should also be noted that there is a growing number of cases of foreign countries experiencing balance of payments crisis, subjecting the country to take drastic action to save the country's economy. According to the above mentioned, the problem is formulated: \"Is it possible to predict the Lithuanian balance of payments crisis phenomenon on the basis of balance of payments accounts, and key developments in macroeconomic indicators, influencing the balance of payments accounts?\" The main goal is to analyze the Lithuanian balance of payments crisis risk and determine which country's economic and statistical indicators can predict this phenomenon. The object of the research - the detailed balance of payments statistics of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia for the past ten years and the main macroeconomic statistical indicators that influence the balance of payments accounts over the past ten years; Study raises a hypothesis, namely it is assumed that the balance of payments crisis in the country affects the balance of payments indicators influencing the political and economic factors. The testing methods that were used in the analysis of the balance of payments crisis are a scientific literature review and structuring, statistical data analysis. The analysis shows that the balance of payments crisis phenomenon can be determined not only by the balance of payments accounts, but also by macroeconomic indicators such as public debt, budget, economic growth, price levels, employment, political situation and others. The analysis found that the risk of balance of payments crisis in Lithuania is average. Latvia has the highest level of balance of payments crisis occurrence probability following the depletion of reserves and rapid growth of public debt.