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Over the last 20 years, developments in climatology have provided an amazing array of explanations for the pattern of world climates. This textbook, first published in 2006, examines the earth's climate systems in light of this incredible growth in data availability, data retrieval systems, and satellite and computer applications. It considers regional climate anomalies, developments in teleconnections, unusual sequences of recent climate change, and human impacts upon the climate system. The physical climate forms the main part of the book, but it also considers social and economic aspects of the global climate system. This textbook has been derived from the authors' extensive experience of teaching climatology and atmospheric science. Each chapter contains an essay by a specialist in the field to enhance the understanding of selected topics. An extensive bibliography is included and lists of websites for further study. This textbook will be invaluable to advanced students of climatology and atmospheric science.

The intertidal zone of the Northeast Atlantic region : pattern and Process / Stephen J. Hawkins ... [et al.] -- The ecology of the rocky subtidal habitats of the Northeast Atlantic / Keith Hiscock, Hartvig Christie and Trine Bekkby -- Rocky intertidal shores of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean / Steven R. Dudgeon and Peter S. Petraitis -- Subtidal rocky shores of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean : the complex ecology of a simple ecosystem / Ladd E. Johnson, Kathleen A. MacGregor, Carla A. Narvàez and Thew S. Suskiewicz -- Shallow water muddy sands of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean : latitudinal patterns in interactions and processes / Sarah A. Woodin, Susan S. Bell, Jon Grant, Paul V R. Snelgrove and David S. Wethey -- Biodiversity and interactions on the intertidal rocky shores of Argentina (Southwest Atlantic) / Maria Gabriela Palomo, Maria Bagur, Sofia Calla, Maria Cecilia Dalton, Sabrina Andrea Soria and Stephen J. Hawkins -- Species interactions and regime shifts in intertidal and subtidal rocky reefs of the Mediterranean Sea / Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Laura Airoldi, Fabio Bulleri, Simonetta Fraschetti and Antonio Terlizzi -- The restructuring of Levant reefs by aliens, ocean warming and overfishing : implications to species interactions and ecosystem functions / Gil Rilov, Ohad Peleg and Tamar Guy-Haim -- Northeast Pacific : interactions on intertidal hard substrata and alteration by human impacts / Phillip B. Fenberg and Bruce A. Menge -- The Northeast Pacific : interactions on subtidal hard substrata / Eliza C. Heery and Kenneth P. Sebens -- Consumer-resource interactions on an environmental mosaic : the role of top down and bottom-up forcing of ecological interactions along the rocky shores of the temperate Eastern Pacific / Moisés A. Aguilera, Bernardo R. Broitman, Julio A. Vásquez and Patricio A. Camus -- Where three oceans meet : state of the art and developments in Southern African coastal marine biology / Christopher D. McQuaid and Laura K. Blamey -- Rocky shores of mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong : past, present and future / Gray A. Williams, Benny K.K. Chan and Yun-Wei Dong -- Biogeographic comparisons of pattern and process on intertidal rocky reefs of New Zealand and Southeastern Australia / David R. Schiel, A.J. Underwood and M. Gee Chapman -- The past and future ecologies of Australasian kelp forests / Sean D. Connell, Adriana Vergés, Ivan Nagelkerken, Bayden D. Russell, Nick Shears, Thomas Wernberg and Melinda A. Coleman -- Kropotkin's garden : facilitation in mangrove ecosystems / Mark Huxham, Uta Berger, Martin W. Skov and Wayne P. Sousa -- Biofilms in intertidal habitats / Hanna Schuster, Mark S. Davies, Stephen J. Hawkins, Richard J. Murphy, Richard C. Thompson and A.J. Underwood -- Interactions in the deep sea / A. Louise Allcock and Mark P. Johnson -- Overview and synthesis / Stephen J. Hawkins, Katrin Bohn, Anaëlle J. Lemasson, Gray A. Williams, David R. Schiel, Stuart R. Jenkins and Louise B. Firth.

A new introduction to contemporary nationhood that sets it apart from national identity, nationalism and diversityDrawing on extensive research in transnationalism and ethnic conflict around the world, Raymond Taras introduces the concepts of nation and nationalism as they now stand in light of major demographic changes brought about by global migration. The result is a framework for understanding the emergence of postmodern nationhood in the era of globalisation and beyond.Based on rich case studies of immigration worldwide, Taras shows that nationhood occurs when the receiving state negotiates ethnic differences to form a natural bond with immigrants, rather than insisting on blind loyalty to the majority culture. The goal is a broad, value-added society of diverse peoples and successful prevention of criminality, ghettoisation, extremism and even radicalisation through reasonable immigrant integration.Key FeaturesIntroduces the schools, tools and concepts needed to understand nationalismCovers both classic foundational theories and more recent theories of nationalism and national identityIncludes chapter-length case studies of 6 countries: America, Russia, India, Britain, South Africa and PeruEngages both theoretically and empirically with the study of nationalism todayShows the impact of immigration and globalisation on nationalism and national identity

Forced Migration and Global Processes considers the crossroads of forced migration with three global trends: development, human rights, and security. This expert collection studies these complex interactions and aims to help determine what solutions may alleviate most of the human suffering involved in forced migrations

This article examines the dynamics of new media in China with an emphasis on youth uses and practices. While much attention has been devoted to the government's regime of censorship and control, this review takes a cultural approach, drawing from a range of academic and popular sources to examine how various practices, discourses, relationships, and representations have been articulated to new media technologies in China. After providing background on China's demographic and telecommunications landscape, the discussion covers networked community and identity, gaming, networked public sphere and civic engagement, and new media prosumption. The review shows that diverse new media practices emerge in China within the tensions and contradictions of the government's desire to simultaneously expand new media technologies and control what are perceived as "harmful" influences. Within a highly commercialized and more liberalized sociocultural environment, new media technologies have opened up new spaces for multiple modes of expression, and as such, they are constitutive of complex processes of social change in China.

Conditional Cash Transfers are a type of welfare program in which recipients receive funds contingent on certain actions or involvement in activities. Governments and multilateral banks frame conditional Cash Transfers as an effective poverty alleviation strategy that provokes greater civic engagement in the Global South. Mexico's Conditional Cash Transfer program,Oportunidades, includes an educational requirement for children. Studies ofOportunidadesfocus primarily on its impact on student enrollment, but lack research on the quality of education, retention and employment outcomes, and the impact on emigration. Drawing on three years of ethnographic research in a rural indigenous community in the Mexican state of Chiapas, I examine how teachers utilizeOportunidadesconditional requirements as a form of surveillance in the classroom. My findings reveal how emigration in La Gloria and its impact on student retention increases the vulnerability of teachers' employment. These pressures unintentionally help shape how teachers perceive the program – as an intervention to an ongoing culture of migration. Finally, I discuss the impact that surveillance has in shaping educational and migratory aspirations among students and employment outcomes.

The article is devoted to analyzing ethnonational reality and expectations in the The article is dedicated to outlining the design, appointment and the reasons for the formation and operationalization of non-party governments in the president-parliamentary countries of Eastern Europe. It was argued that non-party governments in the president-parliamentary countries of Eastern Europe are the governments that are formed and run by the presidents according to their purpose and logic. They both determine the presidentialization and autocratization of political systems and regimes and depend on these factors. It was revealed that non-party governments under the conditions of president-parliamentarism are not technocratic, although different political actors usually defined them as such ones. Instead, non-party governments under president-parliamentarism are pseudo-technocratic, as they cause deformation of the logic of technocratic governance.