Suchergebnisse

The domestic and international transmission mechanism of fiscal policy shocks are analysed in the United States and in Germany. Using a Bayesian VAR approach, we find that in both of these countries a fiscal expansion is associated with increases in output as well as in private consumption and investment. The terms of trade, which affect the international transmission of fiscal policy shocks, depreciate in response to a fiscal expansion, thus transferring some of the increased domestic purchasing power abroad. A US government spending shock is expansionary for all non-US G7 members. A German government spending shock is expansionary for most, but not all European economies, both within and outside the euro area. The dynamics of the BVAR can be rationalised using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model where heterogeneous households and firms face borrowing constraints.

What factors might explain the cross-country variations in COVID-19 public performances and what lessons can be drawn to be better-prepared for future pandemics? This study focuses on the effects of policy stringency on COVID-19 public health outcomes to gain insights into national-level state responses to COVID-19 and the conditions for their effectiveness. Using data from 136 countries comprising 91.4% of the global population, we find that more stringent policies lead to lower infection and death rates. More importantly, the negative effects of restrictive policies on infection and death rates are moderated by political trust and democracy levels, possibly through the mechanism of popular compliance with government policies. Under conditions of higher political trust and lower democracy levels, the policy effects on infection and death rates are greater. However, while the results suggest the importance of policy stringency and political trust, we should not draw the conclusion that authoritarian political systems are more conducive to policy effectiveness. When comparing the moderating effects of political trust and democracy, political trust is more important as a facilitating factor. Therefore, in addition to making scientifically-supported policies, fostering political trust should be an important goal for governments to be better prepared for future pandemics.

This article proposes a constitutional approach of the role of Government in Economy, and the principle of subsidiarity in the 1993 Peruvian Constitution. The proposal discusses the generally accepted notion of promotion in Public Law, as a reference to establish when Government can develop business activity within the framework of the 1993 Constitution. The discussion adopts the point of view of the Public Law to analyze the principle of subsidiarity of Government when it comes to developing business. ; El artículo propone una interpretación constitucional del rol promotor del Estado y del principio de subsidiariedad en la Constitución de 1993, sobre la base de la noción de fomento, generalmente aceptada por la doctrina, como criterio para establecer cuándo puede el Estado desarrollar actividad empresarial en el marco de la Carta Magna vigente. El análisis se desarrolla desde el punto de vista del derecho público y utiliza para ello el enfoque horizontal1 del principio de subsidiariedad.

[34] p. ; Imprint taken from colophon; date of imprint suggested by STC (2nd ed.). ; "Cum priuilegio Regiæ Maiestatis." ; Signatures: A-D⁴ [X]¹. ; Title in ornamental border. ; Reproduction of original in the Magdalene College (University of Cambridge). Library.

[4], 119, [1] p. ; Most later editions published under title: The common-wealth of England. ; Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.

[8], 188, 187-590, [14] p. ; E.G. = Edward Grimeston?. ; Translation of: Historia natural y moral de las Indias. ; The first leaf and the last leaf are blank. ; Includes index. ; A variant omits the words "the R.F." on the title page. ; Reproduction of the original in Cambridge University Library.

Caption title. Judgement given in which the government orders the restructuring of debts owed by towns in Dauphiné. ""Faict à Grenoble le vingtneufiesme iour de Decembre l'an six cents dix."" ; Electronic reproduction ; 22 p. ; 16 cm.

[10], 149, [3] leaves ; Drawn up under the direction of Thomas Cranmer as an intended code of canon law, but never enacted. ; Translated from the English manuscript copy by Walter Haddon and Sir John Cheke. ; Edited by John Foxe, whose initials appear on A2r. ; Possibly not published until 1572, since Walter Haddon, who died on 21 Jan. 1572, is referred to in the preface as "clarissimæ memoriæ". ; Reproduction of the original in Harvard University. Law Library.

Indenture granting land from John Boxwood to his daughter Joan Cetterik. Written in a clerical hand in light brown ink & opening with a calligraphic initial "O". Text indicates that Joan Cetterik of Cobham, Kent (widow), daughter of John Boxwood and his wife, Rosa, is to receive certain lands after his death. Complete with red wax seal reinforced by a braided band of straw. Written during the reign of Henry VIII.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Contains woodcut initial. ; "Cum priuilegio as imprimendum solum." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

Letter from Vicenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (1587-1612), patron of Tasso and Rubens, to Signor Baron (Ambassador for the Holy Roman Emperor) extending hospitality to him whenever he wishes to avail himself of it.

[4], 148 p. ; Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.

The past is here recreated to point out a moral for the present. The pamphlet relates to the imprisonment of Charles of Navarre by his father-in-law, John II, King of France, 1350-64. This example is used to point to the arbitrary measures of the French government of 1616. It refers possibly to the arrest of the Prince de Condé on 1 September 1616 by Marie de Medicis. ; Electronic reproduction ; 8 p. ; 16 cm.

The Parlement de Paris declares null and void any law, decree, edict, etc. promulgated between 29 December 1588 and 30 March 1594, which prejudiced the authority of the King in any way. ; Electronic reproduction; 8 p. ; 17 cm. (4to)

Letter from Ferdinand V, King of Spain, 1452-1516 (Yo el REY) to Captin Pedro Fajaro: 1503 January 2, Madrid. Iron gall on laid paper. Address on Side 2. The letter advises Captin Fajaro of the arrival of the Galician Squadron and orders the loading of goods.