Suchergebnisse

Nakon povijesnog pregleda razvoja grčke lokalne samouprave u razdoblju nakon stjecanja neovisnosti o Otomanskom Carstvu analiziraju se novije reforme krajem 20. i početkom 21. stoljeća. Velika teritorijalna reforma dovršena je 1999. Postoje dvije razine samoupravnih jedinica te regije kao razvojne jedinice s određenim dodatnim ovlastima. Na prvom su stupnju općine i komune, a na drugoj prefekture. Reforma grčke lokalne samouprave pokazuje da ukidanje malih lokalnih jedinica ne mora značiti njihovo potpuno nestajanje, nego ih se može pretvoriti u oblik sudjelovanja građana u lokalnom upravljanju koji zadržava svoj prijašnji teritorijalni identitet. Također, pokazuje se da teritorijalna reforma bez promjena u financijskim izvorima lokalnih jedinica ne dovodi ni do kakvih promjena u mogućnostima financiranja i obavljanja šireg kruga javnih poslova. U tom smislu teritorijalna reforma sama po sebi nije decentralizacijska mjera. Ni neposredni izbor načelnika ne mora sam po sebi donijeti napredak u smjeru demokratizacije – iz grčkog se primjera vidi da bez podrške velikih nacionalnih političkih stranaka praktično nije moguće osvojiti mjesto načelnika ili prefekta. ; Following a historic overview of the development of Greek local self-government after gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire, the author analyses recent reforms at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. A comprehensive territorial reform was completed in 1999. There are two tiers of local self-government units, and regions as statistical units with certain additional competences. The first tier consists of municipalities and communes, and the second of prefectures. The reform of Greek local self-government has shown that abolition of small local units does not have to mean their complete disappearance, but that they can be turned into a form of citizens' participation in local governance and thus keep their former territorial identity. Moreover, it has become obvious that a territorial reform without a reform of local units' financial resources does not lead to any changes in their financial capacity and does not widen the scope of public affairs they perform. Thus, a territorial reform is not a decentralisation measure in itself. Furthermore, it is clear from the Greek example that even the institution of directly elected mayors does not necessarily mean a progress in democratisation – it is practically impossible to win the elections for a mayor or a prefect in Greece without the support of large national political parties.

Demokracija kao pučka vladavina, od svojega nastanka i praktičke provedbe u antičkoj Grčkoj, pa do suvremenog etabliranja kao sakrosanktnog neupitnog svjetskog poretka, vazda je praćena i osmišljavana filozofijskom raščlambom i promišljanjem u djelima najvećih socijalnih i političkih filozofa, od Platona i Aristotela, preko Lockea, Rousseaua, Montesquieua, Tocquevillea, Kanta, Hegela i Milla, do Deweyja i Rawlsa, što Pavo Barišić u svojoj knjizi Ideal vladavine puka. Uvod u filozofiju demokracije sustavno i pregledno dokumentira i kritički razglaba. Uz osvrt na njegova promišljanja razvoja demokracije od antike do suvremenosti, u ovome se prilogu razmatraju razni njezini aspekti i dimenzije u kritičkom dijalogu s filozofima i ostalim teoreticima demokracije, od Platona i Aristotela, do Deweyja, Lippmanna, Poppera, Wintersa i Scholtea – s posebnim naglaskom na perspektive razvoja demokracije u epohi suvremene globalizacije. ; Since its genesis and practical implementation in the ancient Greece, up to its contemporary confirmation as a sacrosanct unquestionable world order, democracy as the rule of the people has always been conceived by philosophical analysis and reflection in the works of the most significant social and political philosophers, from Plato and Aristotle, through Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Tocqueville, Kant, Hegel and Mill, to Dewey and Rawls. This general content of Pavo Barišić's book The Ideal of the Rule of the People: Introduction to the Philosophy of Democracy is in its pages systematically and comprehensively documented and critically discoursed. Reflecting to his consideration of the development of democracy from antiquity to modernity, this paper discusses its various aspects and dimensions, together with the critical dialogue with philosophers and other theoreticians of democracy, from Plato and Aristotle to Dewey, Lippmann, Popper, Winters and Scholte, particularly focusing on the prospects of the development of democracy in the age of contemporary globalization.

Od Alexisa Tsiprasa do Jeremyja Corbyna -- Crveni preporod -- Zvonko Šundov -- Mira Ljabić Lorger -- Duško Čizmić Marović -- Stojan Obradović -- Lino Veljak -- Ozren Žunec -- Žarko Puhovski -- Zdravko Tomac -- Rastko Močnik -- Ferid Muhić -- Vassilis Fouskas -- Toni Prug -- Narodni bijes ispred Engleske banke -- Andreas Karitzis -- Costas Douzinas -- Panagiotis Sotiris -- EXARCHIA: Policiji i kapitalizmu ulaz je zabranjen! -- Nova Internacionala u Zagrebu -- Teresa Forcades -- Richard Seymour -- Selfie s Marxom

Ovaj rad bavi se važnošću "znanja" i "pristupa informacijama" u formiranju mišljenja mladih građana o pojedinim temama kroz deliberativne procedure. Deliberativna demokracija, kao demokratski model i demokratska procedura koja dopušta sudionicima uključivanje u racionalan i otvoren dijalog prije odlučivanja o određenoj temi, teorijski je okvir na kojem se temelji istraživanje predstavljeno u ovom radu. Empirijski dio našeg rada temelji se na deliberativnom događaju koji se odvio u listopadu 2014. na instituciji za visoko obrazovanje Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences u Grčkoj. Tema deliberacije bila je "Anketna istraživanja javnog mnijenja o politici". Rezultati ovog istraživanja potvrđuju tezu iz relevantne literature koja naglašava kako deliberativne procedure obogaćuju znanje građana i tako im omogućavaju da učinkovito sudjeluju u procesu donošenja odluka. ; This paper addresses the importance of "knowledge" and "access to information" in the formation of young citizens' opinion through deliberative procedures. The research presented in this paper is grounded in the theoretical framework of deliberative democracy as a democratic model and procedure that allows participants to be engaged in a rational and open dialogue before deciding on a particular issue. Our research draws empirically upon a deliberative event that took place in October 2014 at the Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences in Greece. The topic of deliberation was "Political Public Opinion Polls." The results of this study are commensurate with the dominant thesis in the relevant literature, which underlines that the deliberative procedure enriches the knowledge of citizens and thus enables them to participate effectively in the decision making process.

U ovome ću diplomskome radu usmjeriti pozornost na načine na koje je, iz očišta različitih likova u romanu "Umjetne suze" Milka Valenta, prikazana Europa – kao ideja i fenomen u današnjoj epohi banalnosti. Cilj je ovoga rada pokazati da gospodarski rast nije uvjet za demokratsku jednakost nego je jednakost pred zakonom naslijeđe i temelj demokracije koja je, kako je pokazala Martha Nussbaum, utemeljena u obrazovanju za kritičko mišljenje i suosjećanje koje nude humanističke znanosti. Milko Valent poetikom psihotičnog realizma stvara bolesnički karton Europe koja se raspada zbog "metastaza neoliberalnog kapitalizma" uzrokovanih različitim institucijama koje promiču mit o europskoj demokraciji. Dok je nekada Grčka bila "kolijevka zapadne civilizacije", danas je Europska unija sinonim za demokraciju i društvo visoke kulture (Luketić) u kojoj su prisutni fenomeni banalnosti, rasizma, bijega od multikulturalizma, apatije, lažnih medija i drugi, što je u "Umjetnim suzama" problematizirano na više narativnih razina. Europljani su stvaraoci iluzije političkog ideala koju Valent demistificira svojim tekstom u kojem istovremeno opisuje kako izgleda stvarnost i proizvodi tu istu stvarnost. ; In this graduation thesis I will aim my attention to the ways in which Europe is portrayed in the novel ''Artificial Tears'' by Milko Valent. Europe, as an idea and a phenomenon in the today's era of banality, will be analysed from the perspectives of various characters from the novel. The aim of this thesis is to show that economic growth does not imply democratic equality; moreover, equality before the law is the legacy and foundation of democracy which is, according to Martha Nussbaum, grounded in cultivating critical thinking and empathy provided by humanities. Using the poetics of psychotic realism, Milko Valent creates a medical record of Europe which is crumbling due to ''the metastases of neoliberal capitalism'' caused by various institutions that promote the myth of European democracy. While Greece used to be ''the cradle of ...

Ovaj rad temelji se na analizi studije slučaja Republike Cipra o pokušajima rješavanja problema i europeizaciji samog otoka. Ciparski problem predstavlja jedan od dugovječnijih pokušaja provedbe mirovnog sporazuma između dvije etničke zajednice – ciparskih Grka i ciparskih Turaka. Od turske invazije na otok 1974. godine zaoštrili su se dodatno odnosi između sukobljenih strana. Velika Britanija, Turska i Grčka postale su jamci mira i sigurnosti te glavni pregovarači u rješavanju problema. Početkom pristupnih pregovora s Europskom unijom i ona službeno postaje umiješana u situaciju na otoku te provođenje europeizacije je označilo novu fazu razvoja otoka. Iako postoje brojna rješenja problema niti jedna strana ne pristaje na uvjete koji ne idu njima u korist. Najuspješnije rješenje do sada je održavanje statusa quo koje jamči mir i sigurnost objema stranama. Analizom dokumenata i literature nastoji se objasniti interes velikih svjetskih sila i Europske unije na Republiku Cipar te kakav je to utjecaj ostavilo u međunarodnoj zajednici i propalim diplomatskim pokušajima. ; This paper is based on an analysis of Cyprus as a case study on attempts to solve problems and the Europeanization of the island. Cyprus problem is one of the long-standing attempts of implementation of the peace agreement between two ethnic communities – Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. Since the Turkish invasion of the island in 1974, relations between the conflict parties have intensified. The United Kingdom, Turkey, and Greece have become guarantors of peace and security and have been the main negotiators in solving the problem. With the start of accession negotiations with the European Union, it officially becomes involved in the situation on the island and the implementation of Europeanization marks a new phase of island development. Although there are numerous solutions, neither side has agreed to the terms that will benefit them. The most successful solution so far is to maintain the status quo that guarantees peace and security for both ...

U ovom radu autor analizira koliko su pitanja vezana za status etničkih manjina i dalje značajna na Zapadnom Balkanu. Autor smatra da su ona umnogome i dalje nedovoljno adekvatno riješena i da zahtijevaju da se pored valjane implementacije međunarodnih i europskih standarda promijeni i praksa, što podrazumijeva stvarno odsustvo diskriminacije. U tom smislu u radu se analizira i koliko ova pitanja utječu na bilateralne odnose između država regije Zapadnog Balkana, kao i njima susjednih, koje su već članice Europske unije (Hrvatske, Mađarske, Grčke, Rumunjske i Bugarske). Autor zaključuje da će se zbog toga u procesu pristupanja pojedinih zemalja Zapadnog Balkana europskim integracijama upravo pitanja manjina i reguliranja njihovog statusa dodatno aktualizirati, kada je riječ o njihovom članstvu u Europskoj uniji. Međutim, on ujedno naglašava da rješavanje manjinskih pitanja na Zapadnom Balkanu neće biti lako, odnosno da će taj proces potrajati dulje vremensko razdoblje. ; The author analyzes the significance of issues related to the status of ethnic minorities in the Western Balkans. According to the author, in many ways these are still inadequately resolved and require, in addition to the proper implementation of international and European standards in this respect, the change in practice, which actually involves non-discrimination. In this sense, the paper analyzes how these issues affect the bilateral relations between the countries of the Western Balkans, as well as their neighbors, that are already members of the European Union (Croatia, Hungary, Greece, Romania and Bulgaria). Therefore, the author concludes that in the future course of European integration of the Western Balkans countries, minority issues and regulation of their status will appear topical and often decisive when it comes to EU membership. However, he argues that the solution for these issues will not be easily reachable and that the process will take a longer period.

Migracijska kretanja su konstanta ljudske povijesti, bilo da se radi o dobrovoljnim ili prisilnim migracijama. No,s prijelaza s 2015. na 2016. godinu, Europa se suočila s izbjegličkom krizom koja je uzrokovana dugogodišnjim tranzicijskim procesima na Bliskom istoku i sjevernoj Africi. Ti su tranzicijski procesi uzrokovali građanski rat u Siriji i Libiji, ali i stvorili ogromnu nestabilnost u susjednim državama. Veliki broj migranata s područja Bliskog istoka, Afrike i Azije je krenuo prema Europi, a cilj im je bio stići u najrazvijenije zemlje Europe, Njemačku, Švedsku, Norvešku i druge. Na putu koji se proteže preko Turske i Grčke pa sve do Švedske, našle su se i države koje su svoju samostalnost stekle dezintegracijom Jugoslavije. Neke od država nastalih raspadom Jugoslavije su članice Europske unije i NATO pakta, no to im nije olakšalo suočavanje s izbjegličkom krizom, iako su one, u većini slučajeva, samo tranzitne zemlje. Nedostatak sredstava, slaba koordinacija, manjak institucionalnih kapaciteta i problemi s drugim državama samo su neki od izazova s kojima su se ove države suočile. Upravo zbog svih navedenih problema ovaj rad se bavi komparacijom migracijskih politika država nastalih raspadom Jugoslavije, i to ne samo onih koje se nalaze na Balkanskoj ruti, već i Crne Gore i Bosne i Hercegovine. ; Migration movements have been a constant feature of human history, wheather voluntary or forced. However, in the late 2015 Europe was faced with refugee crisis caused by long – term transition process in Middle East and North Africa. That transition process caused Civil war in Syria and Libya and instability in neighboring countries. A huge number of migrants from Middle East, Africa and Asia headed to Europe with the aim to reach most developed countries: Germany, Sweden, Norway etc. Countries which gained their independence with desintergration of Yugoslavia can be found on the path from Turkey and Greece towards countries as far as Sweden. Althought some of the states that have been createdafter the ...

Xenophon founds his plan of economic renewal & development of Athens on the recognition of basic interests of the three principal classes of Athenian population, namely citizens, strangers & slaves. The predominant position of the citizens' class could be upheld only by representation of citizens in the state & by state monopoly with regard to enterprising strangers. In order to give a boost to internal & external trade & fiscal transactions, strangers also had to be guaranteed safety. Thus Xenophon advances an improvement of the strangers' status, the enactment of special protection of their rights (board for the protection of strangers), & the awarding of special commendations to prominent strangers. Faced with the problem of the citizens' impoverishment, Xenophon suggests the introduction of tax & the establishment of a special financial fund, which would provide for daily sustenance wages. He also suggests the expansion of the fund into a state-governed joint stock company, which would collect free assets, invest in various forms of capital objects, & the state would lease them to domestic & foreign entrepreneurs & wealthy people. Furthermore, Xenophon proposes that the "capital fund" be used for financing construction of houses & hotels, port- & other facilities for merchants & visitors, building of state-owned merchant ships for rent to private shipowners, & the purchase of slaves, which would also be rented to private entrepreneurs. Special attention is dedicated to the possibilities of improving & expanding the silver-mines in Laurion, which could ensure great income to the state. According to Xenophon, a prerequisite for the realization of his plan is preservation of peace, for in peacetime large resources can be saved which would otherwise be swallowed by war, risks are reduced, & trust increased. In this way Athens would contribute to the preservation of peace in Greece & enhance its own security. He particularly insists on a close connection between economic development & peace preservation, which is the true foundation of a state's power. Adapted from the source document.

Jedan od praktično i teorijski najvažnijih problema teritorijalne organizacije lokalne samouprave svodi se na dilemu uspostave jednog stupnja ili više stupnjeva lokalnih samoupravnih jedinica. Stupnjevanjem se odgovara na problem i potrebu integracije sustava lokalne samouprave te na potrebu povezivanja tog sustava sa širom državnom organizacijom. Nakon opće rasprave o prednostima i nedostacima stupnjevanja, opsežno je komparativno analizirano stanje u 39 zemalja, 23 razvijene i 16 tranzicijskih. Ustanovljena su četiri tipa teritorijalnih okvira za integraciju sustava lokalne samouprave, jednostupanjski, mješoviti ili segmentirani, dvostupanjski i trostupanjski. Kao glavni faktori koji uvjetuju izbor jednog od tih okvira u pojedinoj zemlji utvrđeni su: veličina lokalnih jedinica, njihovo monotipsko ili politipsko uređenje, veličina države izražena brojem stanovnika te oblik društvenog uređenja (federacije, unitarne države). ; The dilemma about the establishment of one or more levels of local self-government units is one of the most important problems of territorial organisation of local self-government. Levelling is structural answer to the problem and needs to integrate local self-government system itself and to integrate that system into a wider organisation of a state as a whole. At the beginning, the paper deals with general discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of levelling. The situation in almost forty countries has been analysed, including two groups of countries: developed democracies (Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Island, Italia, Japan, Luxemburg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA) and transition countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Serbia). Four different types of territorial frames for local self-govern mentsystem integration have been identified: one-tier, mixed or segmented, two-tier, and three-tier systems. Decision to select one of them is conditioned by the average size of local units, monotypic or polytypic design of territorial division of a country, the size of a country in terms of the number of inhabitants, and form of political organisation (federation or unitary state).

Središnji istraživački interes ovoga rada usmjeren je na proučavanje udjela Kotorana u mletačkim prekojadranskim pješačkim postrojbama (Fanti oltramarini) u 18. stoljeću, a zasnovan je na višegodišnjemu proučavanju neobjavljenoga arhivskog gradiva iz Archivio di Stato di Venezia (fond magistrature za novačenje Inquisitori sopra l'amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli). Tragom navedenoga gradiva, točnije popisa pripadnika pješačkih postrojbi unutar pojedinih satnija koje su činile dio pukovnije, raščlanjuju se temeljna problemska pitanja: način bilježenja kotorskih vojnika u izvoru, omjer uključenosti u pješaštvo i konjaništvo, vremenski okvir njihova djelovanja (spominjanja u izvoru), udio pripadnika zapaženih kotorskih plemićkih obitelji čiji su odvjetci imali visoke časničke činove (obitelji Bolica, Buća, Paskvali i Vraćen), trajanje (dužina) vojne službe i tijek napredovanja u karijeri. S obzirom na vrlo dobro sačuvano gradivo, promatra se i dobna struktura kotorskih pješaka te njihove tjelesne značajke. U završnome dijelu rada obrađena su mjesta popisivanja (Mletci, Veneto, Dalmacija, Boka kotorska i Grčka) tih pješaka i vojni zapovjednici koji su upravljali pukovnijama u kojima su oni spomenuti. Na kraju se zaključuje da su Kotorani bili zapažen dio regionalnoga korpusa vojnika zavičajem s istočnojadranske obale u posljednjem stoljeću opstojanja Serenissime. Rad završava tabelarnim pregledom svih do sada istraženih kotorskih prekomorskih pješaka u navedenome razdoblju. ; This paper is primarily focused on analyzing the share of the soldiers from Kotor in Venetian infantry units in Eastern Adriatic (Fanti oltramarini) in the 18th century. It is a result of years of research of the unpublished documents from the Archivio di Stato di Venezia (the lists made by the recruitment magistracy – Inquisitori sopra l'amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli). Based on these documents – the lists of infantry troops belonging to individual companies and regiments – the following fundamental aspects are analyzed: the method of entering particulars of the Kotor soldiers; their share in infantry and cavalry units; the timeframe of their military service (their mention in the documents); the share of the members of prominent noble families of Kotor among high-ranking officers (the Bolica, Buća, Paskvali and Vraćen families); the duration of their military service; and the dynamics of promotions in their careers. As the documents are very well preserved, the age structure of the Kotor infantrymen and their physical characteristics can also be analyzed. The final section of the paper analyzes the places where the lists of these infantrymen were made (Venice, Veneto, Dalmatia, Bay of Kotor and Greece) and the commanders of their regiments. And finally, the paper concludes that the Kotor soldiers constituted important part of the regional Eastern Adriatic regiments in the final century of the Serenissima. At the very end of the paper, a table including the names of all the hitherto known overseas infantrymen from that period can be found.