Suchergebnisse

Die Daten enthalten Angaben zur Institutionalisierung der Pressefreiheit in Verfassungen, die zwischen 1980 und 1999 neu verfasst bzw. geändert wurden. Es wurden dabei die Verfassungen von 62 Staaten mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Des Weiteren sind Angaben zur Praxis der Pressefreiheit, der Stabilität des politischen Systems, der Anzahl der Mitgliedschaften des Staates und seiner Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Internationalen Regierungs- (IGOs) und Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen (INGOs) angeführt. Die Angaben liegen durchweg in kalibrierten Fuzzy-Set Werten vor, weil zwei Qualitative Comparative Analysis-Untersuchungen durchgeführt wurden.

Der Datensatz umfasst 28 OECD Staaten. Es handelt sich um kalibrierte Fuzzy-Sets, die mit einer Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) untersucht werden. Die Daten beschreiben die Stärke des Lohngleichheitsrechts, die Stärke der zweiten Welle der Frauenbewegung, Angaben zur Mitgliedschaft des Staates in der EU, zur Ratifikation internationaler Abkommen, zur Stärke von Gewerkschaften und zu Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung in Bezug auf die Lohngleichheit von Frauen und Männern.
Nähere Informationen und eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Daten finden sich in Laux, Thomas, 2016: Die Institutionalisierung von Lohngleichheitsrechten. Eine vergleichende Analyse von OECD Staaten, Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Vol. 45 (6) (im Erscheinen) sowie im dazugehörigen Online-Anhang. Der Online-Anhang ist über die Zeitschrift für Soziologie frei verfügbar.

The database on the European Commission provides an overview of the European Commission's historical development from the start of the first Hallstein Commission in 1958 to the Juncker Commission in 2018. It was part of the multi-annual project 'Position formation in the EU Commission' (PEU) at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center and is now continued at Freie Universität Berlin.


With the rise in scale and scope of the European Commission, research and literature on the nature of the institution has increased considerably. What is yet still missing is structured information how the European Commission developed in its organizational and staff composition over a longer period of time and what sectoral patterns emerge. This newly established and comprehensive database attempts to close this gap.


The database provides three different perspectives on the Commission: information on the Commission staff ('Persons Data' and 'Persons Positions'), on the administrative structure and size of the Directorates-General ('DG Data') and a localization of policies in the administrative structure of the EU Commission ('DG nomenclature').


'Persons Data' and 'Persons Positions' list available information about all 400 persons who have been active as Commissioners or Directors-General from 1958 to 2018. This includes details about names, dates of birth, gender, nationality, party affiliation, DGs, Commissions, dates of entry and exit for all positions a person served in at the EU Commission as well as information regarding a person's professional background and further career. 'Persons Data' and 'Persons Positions' provide an historical overview, and allow comparisons primarily on the staff composition of Commission DGs.


'DG Data' provides an overview to the administrative structure of the different Commission DGs. It gives details about all Directorates-General of the Juncker Commission, including official name, personnel numbers, names and number of units (Units) and the name and number of directorates they each compromised in previous Commissions. This perspective inspires comparing changes in portfolio organisation and salience during the integration process.


'DG Nomenclature' deals with shifts in the Commission's portfolios over the history of EU Integration. Neither the names nor the responsibilities of individual portfolios in the Commission have been constant. This section thus enables to understand the administrative positioning of each portfolio over the course of history.


To compose the database a multitude of sources were evaluated and included. The collected data primarily stem from official organigrammes of Commission constellations taken from the institution's website and its Historical Archives in Brussels, Fabio Franchino's dataset on Commission portfolios since 1958, and CVs provided mainly by the Commission or personal websites.

English:

The HaSpaD project harmonizes and pools longitudinal data for the analysis of partnership biographies from nine German survey programs. These are in detail:

The German Family Panel (pairfam), Data file Version 12.0.0
ALLBUS/GGSS 1980-2016 (Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften / Cumulated German General Social Survey 1980-2016)
Family Surveys 1988-2000 (Change and Development of Forms of Family Life in West Germany (Survey of Families), Family and Partner Relations in Eastern Germany (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Ways of Family Life - 2nd Wave (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Families` Way of Life - 3rd Wave (Family Survey))
Mannheim Divorce Study 1996
German Fertility and Family Survey (FFS) 1992
German Life History Studies (Courses of Life and Historical Change in East Germany (Life History Study LV DDR), Courses of Life and Social Change: Courses of Life and Welfare Development (Life History Study LV-West I), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II A - Personal Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II T - Telephone Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: Access to Occupation in Employment Crisis (Life History Study LV-West III), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV-Ost Panel), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV Ost 71), Education, Training, and Occupation: Life Courses of the 1964 and 1971 Birth Cohorts in West Germany (Life History Study LV-West 64/71), Early Careers and Starting a Family: Life Courses of the 1971 Birth Cohorts in East and West Germany (Life History Study LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (German Subsample) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), German Sample (Share Waves 1, 2, and 3) and
Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), data for the years 1984-2018.



The HaSpaD projects does not distribute own datasets. Instead, the HaSpaD syntax package allows to harmonize and pool all German surveys with partnership biographical data which are available for secondary use via a research data repository. Data access to these source data must be arranged autonomously by users of the HaSpaD syntax. The scripts harmonize and pool the partnership biographical data, as well as additional variables on respondents and their partnerships. These include, for example, gender, religious affiliation, and nationality of the respondents. The pooled data set provides the opportunity to analyse previously unanswered questions on marriage and partnership stability from a historical and life course theoretical perspective, in particular on the long-term increase in divorce rates and on social changes in risk factors for separation. In addition, methodological developments of research syntheses will be facilitated.





Deutsch:

Das HaSpaD-Projekt harmonisiert und kumuliert Längsschnittdaten zur Analyse von Partnerschaftsbiografien aus neun deutschen Umfrageprogrammen. Dies sind im Einzelnen:

Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam, Release 12.0
Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS / GGSS) 1980-2016
Familiensurvey 1988 - 2000 (Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen in Westdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Familie und Partnerbeziehungen in Ostdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 2. Welle (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 3. Welle (Familiensurvey))
Mannheimer Scheidungsstudie 1996
Deutscher Fertility and Family Survey 1992
Lebensverlaufsstudien (Lebensverläufe und historischer Wandel in Ostdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-DDR), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Lebensverläufe und Wohlfahrtsentwicklung (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West I), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II A - Persönliche Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II T - Telefonische Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Berufszugang in der Beschäftigungskrise (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West III), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost Panel), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost 71), Ausbildungs- und Berufsverläufe der Geburtskohorten 1964 und 1971 in Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West 64/71), Frühe Karrieren und Familiengründung: Lebensverläufe der Geburtskohorte 1971 in Ost‐ und Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (Unterstichprobe Deutschland) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Deutsches Sample SHARE Wellen 1, 2, und 3 und
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP), Daten der Jahre 1984-2018.



HaSpaD stellt keine eigenen Datensätze zum Download zur Verfügung. Stattdessen ermöglicht das HaSpaD-Syntaxpaket die Verknüpfung aller thematisch relevanten verfügbaren deutschen Umfragedaten, die zur Sekundärnutzung über ein Forschungdatenrepositorium bereitgestellt werden. Der Datenzugang zu diesen Ursprungsdaten muss separat durch Nutzende der HaSpaD-Syntax erfolgen. Die Skripte ermöglichen die Harmonisierung und Kumulation der paarbiografischen Daten aus den verschiedenen Umfrageprogrammen. Außerdem werden harmonisierte Zusatzvariablen an die paarbiografischen Daten angefügt. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Geschlecht, Konfessionszugehörigkeit und Staatsangehörigkeit. Durch die Verknüpfung werden Analysen zu bislang unbeantwortetem Fragen zu Ehe- und Partnerschaftsstabilität aus historischer und lebensverlaufstheoretischer Perspektive, insbesondere zum langfristigen Anstieg der Scheidungsraten und zum sozialen Wandel von Risikofaktoren für Trennungen möglich. Darüber hinaus werden Untersuchungen methodischen Weiterentwicklung von Forschungssynthesen vereinfacht.

English:

The HaSpaD project harmonizes and pools longitudinal data for the analysis of partnership biographies from nine German survey programs. These are in detail:

The German Family Panel (pairfam), Data file Version 12.0.0
ALLBUS/GGSS 1980-2016 (Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften / Cumulated German General Social Survey 1980-2016)
Family Surveys 1988-2000 (Change and Development of Forms of Family Life in West Germany (Survey of Families), Family and Partner Relations in Eastern Germany (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Ways of Family Life - 2nd Wave (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Families` Way of Life - 3rd Wave (Family Survey))
Mannheim Divorce Study 1996
German Fertility and Family Survey (FFS) 1992
German Life History Studies (Courses of Life and Historical Change in East Germany (Life History Study LV DDR), Courses of Life and Social Change: Courses of Life and Welfare Development (Life History Study LV-West I), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II A - Personal Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II T - Telephone Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: Access to Occupation in Employment Crisis (Life History Study LV-West III), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV-Ost Panel), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV Ost 71), Education, Training, and Occupation: Life Courses of the 1964 and 1971 Birth Cohorts in West Germany (Life History Study LV-West 64/71), Early Careers and Starting a Family: Life Courses of the 1971 Birth Cohorts in East and West Germany (Life History Study LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (German Subsample) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), German Sample (Share Waves 1, 2, and 3) and
Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), data for the years 1984-2018.



The HaSpaD projects does not distribute own datasets. Instead, the HaSpaD syntax package allows to harmonize and pool all German surveys with partnership biographical data which are available for secondary use via a research data repository. Data access to these source data must be arranged autonomously by users of the HaSpaD syntax. The scripts harmonize and pool the partnership biographical data, as well as additional variables on respondents and their partnerships. These include, for example, gender, religious affiliation, and nationality of the respondents. The pooled data set provides the opportunity to analyse previously unanswered questions on marriage and partnership stability from a historical and life course theoretical perspective, in particular on the long-term increase in divorce rates and on social changes in risk factors for separation. In addition, methodological developments of research syntheses will be facilitated.





Deutsch:

Das HaSpaD-Projekt harmonisiert und kumuliert Längsschnittdaten zur Analyse von Partnerschaftsbiografien aus neun deutschen Umfrageprogrammen. Dies sind im Einzelnen:

Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam, Release 12.0
Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS / GGSS) 1980-2016
Familiensurvey 1988 - 2000 (Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen in Westdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Familie und Partnerbeziehungen in Ostdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 2. Welle (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 3. Welle (Familiensurvey))
Mannheimer Scheidungsstudie 1996
Deutscher Fertility and Family Survey 1992
Lebensverlaufsstudien (Lebensverläufe und historischer Wandel in Ostdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-DDR), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Lebensverläufe und Wohlfahrtsentwicklung (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West I), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II A - Persönliche Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II T - Telefonische Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Berufszugang in der Beschäftigungskrise (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West III), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost Panel), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost 71), Ausbildungs- und Berufsverläufe der Geburtskohorten 1964 und 1971 in Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West 64/71), Frühe Karrieren und Familiengründung: Lebensverläufe der Geburtskohorte 1971 in Ost‐ und Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (Unterstichprobe Deutschland) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Deutsches Sample SHARE Wellen 1, 2, und 3 und
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP), Daten der Jahre 1984-2018.



HaSpaD stellt keine eigenen Datensätze zum Download zur Verfügung. Stattdessen ermöglicht das HaSpaD-Syntaxpaket die Verknüpfung aller thematisch relevanten verfügbaren deutschen Umfragedaten, die zur Sekundärnutzung über ein Forschungdatenrepositorium bereitgestellt werden. Der Datenzugang zu diesen Ursprungsdaten muss separat durch Nutzende der HaSpaD-Syntax erfolgen. Die Skripte ermöglichen die Harmonisierung und Kumulation der paarbiografischen Daten aus den verschiedenen Umfrageprogrammen. Außerdem werden harmonisierte Zusatzvariablen an die paarbiografischen Daten angefügt. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Geschlecht, Konfessionszugehörigkeit und Staatsangehörigkeit. Durch die Verknüpfung werden Analysen zu bislang unbeantwortetem Fragen zu Ehe- und Partnerschaftsstabilität aus historischer und lebensverlaufstheoretischer Perspektive, insbesondere zum langfristigen Anstieg der Scheidungsraten und zum sozialen Wandel von Risikofaktoren für Trennungen möglich. Darüber hinaus werden Untersuchungen methodischen Weiterentwicklung von Forschungssynthesen vereinfacht.

English:

The HaSpaD project harmonizes and pools longitudinal data for the analysis of partnership biographies from nine German survey programs. These are in detail:

The German Family Panel (pairfam), Data file Version 12.0.0
ALLBUS/GGSS 1980-2016 (Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften / Cumulated German General Social Survey 1980-2016)
Family Surveys 1988-2000 (Change and Development of Forms of Family Life in West Germany (Survey of Families), Family and Partner Relations in Eastern Germany (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Ways of Family Life - 2nd Wave (Survey of Families), Change and Development of Families` Way of Life - 3rd Wave (Family Survey))
Mannheim Divorce Study 1996
German Fertility and Family Survey (FFS) 1992
German Life History Studies (Courses of Life and Historical Change in East Germany (Life History Study LV DDR), Courses of Life and Social Change: Courses of Life and Welfare Development (Life History Study LV-West I), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II A - Personal Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: The Between-the-War Cohort in Transition to Retirement (Life History Study LV-West II T - Telephone Interview), Courses of Life and Social Change: Access to Occupation in Employment Crisis (Life History Study LV-West III), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV-Ost Panel), East German Life Courses After Unification (Life History Study LV Ost 71), Education, Training, and Occupation: Life Courses of the 1964 and 1971 Birth Cohorts in West Germany (Life History Study LV-West 64/71), Early Careers and Starting a Family: Life Courses of the 1971 Birth Cohorts in East and West Germany (Life History Study LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (German Subsample) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), German Sample (Share Waves 1, 2, and 3) and
Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), data for the years 1984-2018.



The HaSpaD projects does not distribute own datasets. Instead, the HaSpaD syntax package allows to harmonize and pool all German surveys with partnership biographical data which are available for secondary use via a research data repository. Data access to these source data must be arranged autonomously by users of the HaSpaD syntax. The scripts harmonize and pool the partnership biographical data, as well as additional variables on respondents and their partnerships. These include, for example, gender, religious affiliation, and nationality of the respondents. The pooled data set provides the opportunity to analyse previously unanswered questions on marriage and partnership stability from a historical and life course theoretical perspective, in particular on the long-term increase in divorce rates and on social changes in risk factors for separation. In addition, methodological developments of research syntheses will be facilitated.





Deutsch:

Das HaSpaD-Projekt harmonisiert und kumuliert Längsschnittdaten zur Analyse von Partnerschaftsbiografien aus neun deutschen Umfrageprogrammen. Dies sind im Einzelnen:

Beziehungs- und Familienpanels pairfam, Release 12.0
Kumulierte Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS / GGSS) 1980-2016
Familiensurvey 1988 - 2000 (Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen in Westdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Familie und Partnerbeziehungen in Ostdeutschland (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 2. Welle (Familiensurvey), Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen - 3. Welle (Familiensurvey))
Mannheimer Scheidungsstudie 1996
Deutscher Fertility and Family Survey 1992
Lebensverlaufsstudien (Lebensverläufe und historischer Wandel in Ostdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-DDR), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Lebensverläufe und Wohlfahrtsentwicklung (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West I), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II A - Persönliche Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Die Zwischenkriegskohorte im Übergang zum Ruhestand (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West II T - Telefonische Befragung), Lebensverläufe und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Berufszugang in der Beschäftigungskrise (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West III), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost Panel), Ostdeutsche Lebensverläufe im Transformationsprozess (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Ost 71), Ausbildungs- und Berufsverläufe der Geburtskohorten 1964 und 1971 in Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-West 64/71), Frühe Karrieren und Familiengründung: Lebensverläufe der Geburtskohorte 1971 in Ost‐ und Westdeutschland (Lebensverlaufsstudie LV-Panel 71))
Generations & Gender Survey (Unterstichprobe Deutschland) GGS Waves 1 and 2
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Deutsches Sample SHARE Wellen 1, 2, und 3 und
Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP), Daten der Jahre 1984-2018.



HaSpaD stellt keine eigenen Datensätze zum Download zur Verfügung. Stattdessen ermöglicht das HaSpaD-Syntaxpaket die Verknüpfung aller thematisch relevanten verfügbaren deutschen Umfragedaten, die zur Sekundärnutzung über ein Forschungdatenrepositorium bereitgestellt werden. Der Datenzugang zu diesen Ursprungsdaten muss separat durch Nutzende der HaSpaD-Syntax erfolgen. Die Skripte ermöglichen die Harmonisierung und Kumulation der paarbiografischen Daten aus den verschiedenen Umfrageprogrammen. Außerdem werden harmonisierte Zusatzvariablen an die paarbiografischen Daten angefügt. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise Geschlecht, Konfessionszugehörigkeit und Staatsangehörigkeit. Durch die Verknüpfung werden Analysen zu bislang unbeantwortetem Fragen zu Ehe- und Partnerschaftsstabilität aus historischer und lebensverlaufstheoretischer Perspektive, insbesondere zum langfristigen Anstieg der Scheidungsraten und zum sozialen Wandel von Risikofaktoren für Trennungen möglich. Darüber hinaus werden Untersuchungen methodischen Weiterentwicklung von Forschungssynthesen vereinfacht.

This database contains primary data from a standardized household survey (n=400) conducted in Northern Kazakhstan (Akmola province) in 2017. It includes information on household demographics, migration history and intentions, remittances received and support given, migration attitudes, and constraints, household income, personality traits, and subjective well-being. The respondents answered questions on their personal situation, on other household members, and on the general household situation. The use of computer assisted personal interviews (CAPI) ensured high quality data.



The database is a product of a German Research Foundation (DFG) financed research project "Internal migration in Kazakhstan – New Institutionalism and Bayesian Networks: Establishing an analytical framework to model migration decision making in rural Kazakhstan" (BU1319/16-1, HE 5272/8-1).



The data set has not yet been fully analysed in many respects, e.g. on subjective well-being of the respondent and his/her migration/staying intentions.


Data are stored in long-form.

Further inquiries can be sent directly to:

Tom Dufhues, dufhues@yahoo.de


For inquiries regarding data organization and on extracting data on particular aspects/variables please contact the data curator Stephan Brosig (brosig@iamo.de)

Our paper addresses the relationship between parental wealth and children's post-secondary transitions. More specifically, we contrast the likelihood of children with an upper secondary degree to make a transition into further education or the labor market with their likelihood to stay inactive, i.e., to engage neither in further education nor in labor market activity (NEET) after leaving school for the first time. While previous research argues that there is a general positive association between parental wealth and children's educational and occupational transitions, we argue that for children of wealthy parents, this association might be weaker or even negative. Our study focuses on Germany, where wealth has a weak correlation with the traditional measures of parental socio-economic background. For our empirical analyses, we apply data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) and use binary logistic regression models for discrete-time event history analyses. Although not statistically significant, our results show that the relationship between parental wealth and children's post-secondary transitions is not linear. Our study contributes to previous research by providing a detailed examination of the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between parental wealth and children's post-secondary transitions.

Interest in the topic of violence against women has grown strongly over the last two decades. During the nineties, and following studies on the subject in Canada and the United States, the focus has shifted to violence against women in general, and no longer exclusively on domestic violence against women. Following the preparatory work of two UN institutes (UNICRI in Turin and HEUNI in Helsinki), and once the method had been standardized (identical questionnaire and survey method), national studies on this issue have been planned in approximately 30 countries.
The Swiss survey is based on a telephone interview, between April and August 2003, of 1975 women aged 18 to 70 living in the German-speaking and the French-speaking parts of Switzerland. The sample thus obtained is representative of the female population. The method used was the computer-assisted telephone survey, which had already proved adequate in previous victimization surveys. This choice was also motivated by the great complexity of the questionnaire. The latter should indeed allow to apprehend different categories of violence, relating to different types of relationship between the author and his victim (marriage, cohabitation, former partners, colleagues, strangers) since the age of 16 years (experiences lived in childhood are not taken into account).
There are several objectives for this study:
- to increase the awareness of this problem among the authorities and the public
- to promote prevention
- to provide reliable information for the development of legislation, policies and means of assistance to victims
- to set up an internationally comparable database
- to help the police in their work practices concerning violence against women
- to formulate and test certain hypotheses
On thjs basis, here are the hypotheses and research questions:
- What is the extent of this type of violence in Switzerland, compared to other countries? How to explain these differences?
- How has the situation of domestic violence evolved since the study by Gillioz et al. (1994)?
- How important are various factors, including situational and biographical, in experiences of violence?
- What is the influence of the past and current criminal history of men on their tendency to domestic violence?
- What particular interaction effects are revealed among the variables studied?
- How is the role of the police perceived among the victims?
- Does (institutionalized) aid to victims achieve its objectives?

Since 1977, a survey is carried out after each federal vote, offering insight into the voting of Swiss citizens. Up until June 2016 these surveys were carried out under the name of VOX. Beginning with the vote of autumn 2016 the surveys have renamed as "VOTO" and are also integrated into VoxIt.

The standardized post-vote surveys are the result of the harmonization of the VOX surveys. Indeed, the long history of these surveys has resulted in quite some changes over time, so much that a lot of standardization work has been necessary to make a comparison involving two very distant Vox surveys possible. Since the data from the first 14 surveys are no longer readable by current software, the standardized surveys start with the Vox survey no. 15 on the vote of 14.06.1981 and include between 2 and 4 surveys per year, depending on the number of votes.
The VoxIt data combines information from several sources into one file. First, the data integrates and harmonises the most significant variables in the post-vote surveys (VOX and VOTO). A second type of variable includes specific characteristics of votes and items (i.e. popular initiatives or referendums) such as the date of the vote, the results of each item, participation rates, and the slogans of the federal government. The slogans of the main political parties are also integrated, according to information provided by a database of the Institute of Political Science of the University of Bern. Finally, the standardized surveys include a third type of variable, created specifically to synthesize certain data and/or to allow comparisons from across the whole range of the available surveys.

In the context of standardized surveys, all data related to a federal vote (that is, a federal voting weekend) is called a "scrutin". The term "projet", meanwhile, refers to a subset of these data, organized in relation to a to one of the specific items of this vote (initiative, referendum, etc.). As a general rule, a "scrutin" will therefore include as many "projets" as there were items in the vote data, but it is possible that some "projets" will only be partially covered. More specifically, the VoxIt offer, for each vote, data in two forms: a "scrutin" file dedicated to the vote as a whole and an individual "projet" file for each item submitted for a vote. The choice of file type is dependent on the analyses which the user would like to carry out. The cumulative scrutin and projet files are also available. The choice of file type is dependent on the analyses which the user would like to carry out.

A whole series of additional information about the Voxit project and the standardized data are available on the website http://forscenter.ch/en/data-and-research-information-services/2221-2/special-projects/vox-voxit/ where you can also find information on accessing the cumulative files.

Since 1977, a survey is carried out after each federal vote, offering insight into the voting of Swiss citizens. Up until June 2016 these surveys were carried out under the name of VOX. Beginning with the vote of autumn 2016 the surveys have renamed as "VOTO" and are also integrated into VoxIt.

The standardized post-vote surveys are the result of the harmonization of the VOX surveys. Indeed, the long history of these surveys has resulted in quite some changes over time, so much that a lot of standardization work has been necessary to make a comparison involving two very distant Vox surveys possible. Since the data from the first 14 surveys are no longer readable by current software, the standardized surveys start with the Vox survey no. 15 on the vote of 14.06.1981 and include between 2 and 4 surveys per year, depending on the number of votes.
The VoxIt data combines information from several sources into one file. First, the data integrates and harmonises the most significant variables in the post-vote surveys (VOX and VOTO). A second type of variable includes specific characteristics of votes and items (i.e. popular initiatives or referendums) such as the date of the vote, the results of each item, participation rates, and the slogans of the federal government. The slogans of the main political parties are also integrated, according to information provided by a database of the Institute of Political Science of the University of Bern. Finally, the standardized surveys include a third type of variable, created specifically to synthesize certain data and/or to allow comparisons from across the whole range of the available surveys.

In the context of standardized surveys, all data related to a federal vote (that is, a federal voting weekend) is called a "scrutin". The term "projet", meanwhile, refers to a subset of these data, organized in relation to a to one of the specific items of this vote (initiative, referendum, etc.). As a general rule, a "scrutin" will therefore include as many "projets" as there were items in the vote data, but it is possible that some "projets" will only be partially covered. More specifically, the VoxIt offer, for each vote, data in two forms: a "scrutin" file dedicated to the vote as a whole and an individual "projet" file for each item submitted for a vote. The choice of file type is dependent on the analyses which the user would like to carry out. The cumulative scrutin and projet files are also available. The choice of file type is dependent on the analyses which the user would like to carry out.

A whole series of additional information about the Voxit project and the standardized data are available on the website http://forscenter.ch/en/data-and-research-information-services/2221-2/special-projects/vox-voxit/ where you can also find information on accessing the cumulative files.

Anhand von formalisierten Nachlasslisten aus den amerikanischen Kolonien bzw. Bundesstaaten South Carolina und Massachussetts sollte festgestellt werden, wie verbreitet Waffenbesitz in diesen Kolonien bzw. Bundesstaaten im 18. Jahrhundert war.
Es wurden mehrere Untersuchungszeiträume ausgewählt, für die dann die Grundgesamtheiten der Inventare zusammengetragen wurden. Aus diesen Grundgesamtheiten wurden dann Stichproben gezogen. Die gezogenen Inventare wurden auf Nennung von Schusswaffen hin überprüft, die Ergebnisse statistisch ausgewertet.

"It was in the light of the above studies that the strategy for this project was devised.
Originally, in the very early conceptual stages, I had intended to sample
all years of the eighteenth century in Massachusetts and South Carolina, but it
became clear that the "glorious profusion" of the probate inventories quickly
becomes an embarras de richesse. One is faced with thousands upon thousands
of such inventories. Thus, I decided to analyze a number of years instead of the
entire century, finding the years between 1732 and 1791 particularly suitable
and logical at the same time. 1791 was easily determined in light of the fact that
the Bill of Rights, including the second Amendment, was ratified in that year.
The starting point was much more difficult to define. South Carolina became a
royal colony in 1730 after a period of upheaval and administrative chaos, suggesting
that year as a significant caesura in the colony's history. In the end,
however, the determining factor was the relative scarcity of probate records
before that time. Only a handful of inventories have survived from the proprietary
period and those for the interregnum number around 400. Only with
the onset of the new record series of the Recorded Instruments of the Secretary of
State in 1732 is there a solid base of sources available. With the timeframe 1732
to 1791 established, I decided to refrain from using equidistant intervals but
rather to pick some years specifically. Particularly, I wanted to see whether the
colonial wars of the period had a visible impact upon the amount of firearms
listed in inventories. In addition, I chose a small 'control group' early in my
timeframe by random selection. I handpicked the years 1752, 1759, 1765 and
1771, 1779, and 1786 to investigate the situation for the French and Indian and
Revolutionary Wars, respectively, the longest and most destructive wars on the
American continent during the eighteenth century. The random selection process
of four more years from the first decade of my timeframe yielded the years
1735, 1739, 1740 and 1743.
For these ten years, I wanted to analyze the probate inventories of
Massachusetts and South Carolina for the presence or absence of firearms. Additionally,
I wanted to be able not only to make inferences about the levels of
arms ownership in the colonies and states in general, but, if possible, add a geographic
dimension: Did, for example, inventories on the 'frontier' show more
guns than those of Boston? Or did South Carolina inventories in areas with
many slaves have a greater occurrence of firearms than those where slavery was
less prevalent? As inventories frequently do not give the name of the place
where the decedent lived, the counties were the only category available as a
geographic determinant. In South Carolina, where probate was administered in
Charleston for the entire province during most of the eighteenth century, no
such determination was reliably possible for the years before 1785.[…]"
(Michael Lenz; S. 83f)

Themen:
Namen, Namenszusätze, Geschlecht, Staat, Regions-, Ortsverzeichnis, Jahr,
Anzahl der Waffe(n), Art der Waffe(n), Anzahl Sklaven, Gesamtwert Vermögen,
Fundort im Verwaltungsschriftgut, Bemerkungen.