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In November of 1998 The Journal of the American Medical Association devoted an entire issue to alternative medicine for the first time in its publishing history. According to survey results reported in the journal, 83 million Americans used some form of alternative medicine to preserve and maintain their health in 1997, a sharp increase from the 61 million who turned to alternative forms of care in 1990. Michael S. Goldstein's Alternative Health Care is the first comprehensive account of the growing presence of alternative medicine in American society. Beginning with the basic premises of alte

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry addresses local responsibilities and public services in Germany. The entry forms part of the LoGov Report on Germany. To access the full version of the report on Germany, other practices regarding responsibilities and public services and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

In large systems, such as health care, reforms are underway constantly. The article presents a definition of health care reform and factors that influence its success. The factors being discussed range from knowledgeable personnel, the role of involvement of international experts and all stakeholders in the country, the importance of electoral mandate and governmental support, leadership and clear and transparent communication. The goals set need to be clear, and it is helpful to have good data and analytical support in the process. Despite all debates and experiences, it is impossible to clearly define the best approach to tackle health care reform due to a different configuration of governance structure, political will and state of the economy in a country.

"The analytical approach of standard health economics has so far failed to sufficiently account for the nature of care.? This has important ramifications for the analysis and valuation of care, and therefore for the pattern of health and medical care provision. This book sets out an alternative approach, which places care at the center of an economics of health, showing how essential it is that care is appropriately recognized in policy as a means of enhancing the dignity of the individual.Whereas traditional health economics has tended to eschew value issues, this book embraces them, introducing care as a normative element at the center of theoretical analysis. Drawing upon care theory from feminist works, philosophy, nursing and medicine, and political economy, the authors develop a health care economics with a moral basis in health care systems. In providing deeper insights into the nature of care and caring, this book seeks to redress the shortcomings of the standard approach and contribute to the development of a more person-based approach to health and medical care in economics.Health Care Economics will be of interest to researchers and postgraduate students in health economics, heterodox economists, and those interested in health and medical care."--Provided by publisher

About the guest editor. Benn Greenspan has been the President andCEO of the Sinai Health System since January 1991. He heldnumerous positions within the growing Sinai Health System for 15years before he became the CEO. During his tenure as CEO, MountSinai Hospital won the Foster McGaw prize - the industry's nationalaward for creative and effective community health service

This book analyses micro-level gender issues and other social factors impacting macro-level health care systems. Examining the health and health care issues of patients and providers of care both in the United States and in other countries, chapters focus on linkages to policy and population concerns as ways to meet global health care needs

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Figures -- 1 The Ingredients Needed to Perform Clinical Research Successfully -- 2 Observed Parameters of Efficacy -- 3 The Randomised Controlled Trial -- 4 Objectivism and Subjectivism -- Tables -- 1 Alternative Economic Analyses for Health and Health Care Evaluation -- 2 Some Utilities for Health States -- 3 Issues in the Measurement of Utility and CUA -- 4 Essential Design Features for Studies Evaluating the Efficacy of a Diagnostic Test -- 5 Relative Risk Reduction -- 6 Components of Decline in Coronary Heart Disease -- 7 National Estimates of Physical Limitations and Social Conditions by Age and Sex (%) -- 8 Advantages and Limitations of Three Major Field Approaches -- 9 Advantages and Limitations of Three Major Field Approaches, Given the Impairment and Attitudes of the Oldest Old -- 10 The Focus of Various Methods of Social Research -- 11 Reported Illness Among Male Respondents, Denmark, 1952-4 -- 12 The Association Between Stress and Anxiety Estimated Using Both Simultaneous and Sequential Data Collection Methods -- 13 The Association Between Stress and Anxiety (1) -- 14 The Association Between Stress and Anxiety (2) -- 15 Initial Elicitation Question (random Sample) -- 16 Initial Elicitation Question (down's Syndrome Cases) -- 17 Cardiologists' Reasons for Ordering the Test -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: The Problem as We Saw It -- Part I: Issues of Policy -- 1 The Perspective of the Policy Maker on Health Care Research and Evaluation -- 2 Cost-Utility Analyses in Health Care: Present Status and Future Issues -- Part II: the Randomised Controlled Trial -- 3 Randomised Controlled Trials in Health Care Research -- 4 The Impact of Clinical Research on Clinical Practice.