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The article, of which the first part is published here, intends to study in depth the mid-nineteenth-century Europeanist movements and in particular the initiatives promoted in the Fifties by the French philosopher-jurist Charles Lemonnier, who was among the organizers of the Congress of the International League of Peace and Freedom, held in Geneva in 1867. He also published a book, The United States of Europe, in 1872 and a journal of the same name. In the Fifties Lemonnier played an important role in the railway and banking activities of the Pereire brothers, famous Sephardic entrepreneurs of Sansimonian culture and education, as was Lemonnier himself. The latter, of republican tendency and very critical towards Napoleon III, published also, between 1855 and 1858, a magazine entitled «Revue philosophique et réligieuse», with which he intended to specify and perfect the conceptions of republican (also anticlerical) socialism after the failure of revolution of 1848, with its conceptual and ethical inadequacies. Among the collaborators of the «Revue» there was also an important German personality, i.e. Moses Hess, who had established himself as a Europeanist and a communist, as well as a friend of Marx and Engels until 1948, but later turned to Zionism, on which he wrote the important Rom und Jerusalem in 1862. Hess's writings in the journal of Lemonnier constitute a phase of transition between the two aforementioned phases of his cultural and political life, in which he deepened his scientific-naturalistic conceptions in reference to the history and cultures of peoples. In its first part, this article carries out a survey on the premises and contexts for which the deepening of the analyzes on the intellectual contributions provided to «Revue», in particular those of Hess, can be of certain historical and cultural interest.

The article, of which the first part is published here, intends to study in depth the mid-nineteenth-century Europeanist movements and in particular the initiatives promoted in the Fifties by the French philosopher-jurist Charles Lemonnier, who was among the organizers of the Congress of the International League of Peace and Freedom, held in Geneva in 1867. He also published a book, The United States of Europe, in 1872 and a journal of the same name. In the Fifties Lemonnier played an important role in the railway and banking activities of the Pereire brothers, famous Sephardic entrepreneurs of Sansimonian culture and education, as was Lemonnier himself. The latter, of republican tendency and very critical towards Napoleon III, published also, between 1855 and 1858, a magazine entitled «Revue philosophique et réligieuse», with which he intended to specify and perfect the conceptions of republican (also anticlerical) socialism after the failure of revolution of 1848, with its conceptual and ethical inadequacies. Among the collaborators of the «Revue» there was also an important German personality, i.e. Moses Hess, who had established himself as a Europeanist and a communist, as well as a friend of Marx and Engels until 1948, but later turned to Zionism, on which he wrote the important Rom und Jerusalem in 1862. Hess's writings in the journal of Lemonnier constitute a phase of transition between the two aforementioned phases of his cultural and political life, in which he deepened his scientific-naturalistic conceptions in reference to the history and cultures of peoples. In its first part, this article carries out a survey on the premises and contexts for which the deepening of the analyzes on the intellectual contributions provided to «Revue», in particular those of Hess, can be of certain historical and cultural interest.

Lungo l'arco storico delle presenze della gnosi dopo l'avvento del cristianesimo, se ne può individuare l'influsso all'inizio del XX secolo, soprattutto in Hesse e Jung. Questo periodo, caratterizzato dal crollo delle certezze tradizionali, presenta analogie con l'epoca della nascita dello gnosticismo. L'influenza della gnosi sul mondo contemporaneo si rileva non tanto in ambito politico, quanto come radice dell'interiorità dell'uomo moderno. Nel quadro del dualismo fra pleroma e mondo, il potere della gnosi è quindi quello di rivelare la condizione di esilio dell'uomo. La gnosi del potere consiste invece nell'anelito dello gnostico a tornare all'ordine cosmico.

1° Convegno nazionale SIAC «Razza, razzismi, discriminazioni razziali. Il contributo dell'antropologia culturale alla riflessione contemporanea», Sapienza Università di Roma (Roma), 8-10 novembre 2018 ; Questa comunicazione intende problematizzare i discorsi politici-istituzionali sull'integrazione dei/delle migranti, risaltando tanto le dinamiche d'inclusione/esclusione differenziale (Mezzadra e Neilson, 2013) come le storie coloniali che attraversano gli attuali processi di costruzione dell'alterità. Decostruendo la retorica mainstream che considera l'integrazione come l'antitesi del razzismo, illustrerò i nessi esistenti tra le due realtà, privilegiando le dimensioni istituzionale (Hesse, 2004) ed epistemica (Grosfoguel, 2010) del razzismo. Con quest'obiettivo, mi centrerò nel "Quadro europeo per l'integrazione", uno spazio "multilivello" di soft law istituito dall'Unione Europea negli ultimi due decenni, basandomi nel lavoro di ricerca della mia tesi di dottorato (2014) . Posteriormente, apporterò connessioni trans-scalari tra il piano europeo ed alcune politiche nazionali (segnatamente le spagnole ed italiane), mostrando l'esistenza di un nesso tra "razzismo" ed "integrazione" nei seguenti termini: 1) i saperi implicati negli strumenti politici -manuali, piattaforme consultive, indicatori.- costruisce un intendimento tecnocratico/depoliticizzato dell'integrazione, silenziando le relazioni di potere preesistenti e favorendo una comprensione limitata e psicologicista del razzismo (Maeso e Araujo, 2017); 2) le retoriche "meritocratiche" ed "inclusive" di tali politiche determinano processi d'inferiorizzazione dell'Altro(a) razzializzato(a) e dei suoi saperi/forme di vita, considerati inadeguati o incompatibili con le società e democrazie "occidentali".