Suchergebnisse

Chow Kwong Yuen. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-163). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter I. --- Prologue ´ؤ The Elitist Consensus --- p.1 ; Chapter II. --- """The Cast""- William Manning and Thomas Jefferson" --- p.7 ; William Manning (1747-1814) --- p.7 ; Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) --- p.15 ; Chapter III. --- """The Stage"" - Two Different Worlds: Massachusetts and Virginia in the Eighteenth Century" --- p.27 ; The Social Settings --- p.28 ; The Religious Settings --- p.38 ; The Educational Settings --- p.49 ; The Economic Settings --- p.60 ; The Political Settings --- p.71 ; Chapter IV. --- """The Plot"" 一 Hamilton's Policies and Jay's Treaty" --- p.76 ; ""Some Proposals for Making Restitution to the Original Creditors of Government""" --- p.76 ; Jefferson on Hamilton's Policies --- p.84 ; """The Key of Liberty""" --- p.90 ; Jefferson on Jay's Treaty --- p.99 ; Chapter V. --- """The Dialogue""" --- p.104 ; A Bisected Society versus Society as a Whole --- p.104 ; On Human Nature --- p.109 ; Government as Unnecessary versus the Absolute Necessity of Civil Government --- p.111 ; On the Constitution --- p.120 ; "On the People, Property, and Labour" --- p.123 ; A Rational Citizen versus a Romantic Revolutionary --- p.129 ; Public Space for the Masses to Participate in the Republic --- p.135 ; Education and the Circulation of Information --- p.140 ; The Uniqueness of America and Americans - American Identity --- p.144 ; Chapter VI. --- Epilogue - Conflict and Consensus in the Founding Period --- p.147 ; Bibliography --- p.161

submitted by Suen Bing. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-90). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter One: --- Republicanism and Progressive Historical Interpretations ; What is Republicanism? --- p.7 ; Republicanism as a Guiding Philosophy in Progressive Historical Scholarship --- p.16 ; Chapter Chapter Two: --- Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Democracy: A Republican Way of Thinking ; How Turner's thesis related frontier conditions with democracy? --- p.20 ; In what way is Turner's thesis affected by republicanism? --- p.24 ; A trace of republican idealism in Turner's later articles --- p.26 ; The safety valve hypothesis: A supplement to Turner's free land ´ؤ democracy relationship --- p.31 ; Free land - democracy vs. Education - democracy --- p.35 ; Chapter Chapter Three: --- Industrial Democracy and American Civilization: The Two Sides of Charles A. Beard's Republican Thinking ; The Industrial Society (1901) --- p.42 ; An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (1913) --- p.46 ; "Contemporary American History, 1877-1913 (1914)" --- p.51 ; The Rise of American Civilization (1927) --- p.54 ; The American Spirit (1942) --- p.58 ; Chapter Chapter Four: --- William Appleman Williams' Inheritance of Progressive Historians' Republican Tradition ; American Russian Relations: 1871 ´ؤ1947 and The Tragedy of American Diplomacy --- p.64 ; The Contours of American History --- p.72 ; Great Evasion and Empire as a Way of Life --- p.77 ; Conclusion --- p.83 ; Bibliography --- p.87

本文以北朝戰爭書寫為題。記錄北朝戰爭的大多是正史等歷史文獻,這些並非全然客觀中立的書寫,而是包含官方意識形態、史家個人情懷等因素;甚至一些看似「客觀」的記錄,如兵力數字、氣候、地理,其實也有可能經過了史家有意的再創造。本文嘗試對歷史文本做進一步發掘,分析文本的內外關聯,如影響戰爭書寫的政治文化力量、史學內部傳統等,從而從側面增進對於古代戰爭的認識。 ; 本文匯集一些個案研究,分別討論北朝幾次戰爭記錄中的兵力數字、北周開國君主形象、北朝勝利和失敗的武將的書寫方式、胡族戰略戰術分析,以及記錄李淵建唐的《大唐創業起居注》等。 ; 本文嘗試指出,北朝戰爭書寫最為突出的特點,可歸結為「去胡化」,或者「由胡入漢」:北朝諸政權大多是胡族政權,但在東魏北齊以及唐初的史家筆下,這些北朝胡族政權的君主、將士,胡族色彩並不濃重,反而大多蒙上一層漢族文化的面紗;胡人的戰略戰術、戰爭過程的記錄都接近漢人的傳統方式。 ; This dissertation discusses the writing of warfare in the Northern Dynasties, Medieval China. Most of the records on the warfare are from official histories written in Northern Qi (550-577) and Tang Dynasty (618-907). These records, however, are under the influence of political and cultural powers, such as political struggles and orthodoxy. Even some of so called objective description, such as records of the place, time, figure and climate may be kind of recreation of the writers. This dissertation tries to analyze context of these records, including their political and cultural background, along with the development of historiography and other writing traditions. ; This dissertation is made up of several case studies, discussing respectively figures in battle, adventure of Yuwen Tai (the leader of the military group in Western Wei), the image of generals in the Northern Dynasties, the description of strategy and tactics of nomad people, and the historical record of Li Yuan, founder of Tang Dynasty. The principal conclusion is that in the official histories historians descript nomad people in traditional Chinese way. Sinicization of the nomad people is the most important characteristics of the writing of warfare in Northern Dynasties: the nomad leaders and generals are close to Chinese emperors and generals, the nomadic way of war is replaced by the Chinese way. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 雷仕偉. ; Parallel title from added title page. ; Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. ; Includes ...

戰爭與國家的形成、發展與變化具有密切的關係,只是戰爭對不同國家所產生的影響有著不同的程度而已。學者研究戰爭在國史上的影響時,其視線往往只停留在戰爭與近代中國發展的關係,尤其關注戰爭如何促使近代中國發展成具備現代意義的國家。然而,戰爭對古代中國同樣產生了深遠的影響。 ; 國史上有所謂「中興」,就是王朝因外族入侵或內部叛亂而導致覆亡,在文臣武將的支持下,宗室成員或成功撲滅叛亂勢力,或成功抵擋入侵勢力,從而延續了王朝的統治,南宋就屬於這一類中興王朝,宋高宗(1127-1162在位)亦被視為中興之主。宣和七年(1125),金人撕毀了與北宋簽定的合作協議,揮軍南侵,兵鋒直抵北宋國都開封。雖然宋廷成功通過議和讓金人退兵,但是,金人很快就再次南侵,並攻破開封,徽宗(1101-1125在位)、欽宗(1126-1127位)及大批宗室、士民成為金人俘虜。高宗在臣民支持下繼承皇位於應天府,開創建了南宋王朝。從高宗繼位伊始,直至紹興十二年(1142)宋金締結和約的十多年間,兩國一直處於敵對狀態,戰事不斷。如何建構一套適應戰爭形勢的國家體制,以保障新生政權得以延續,就成為高宗及其委任的宰相所必須要面對的問題。呂頤浩(1071-1139)在這段戰爭時期兩次拜相,是南宋成功擺脫危機、走向穩定的重要人物之一。 ; 本論文以戰爭與南宋的關係為框架,以呂頤浩執政期間所從事的戰時建設為研究個案,目的是分析高宗初年的宰相在面對王朝處於戰爭時,是如何從制度變革入手去從事內部建設,以及這些變革所產生的影響。本論文有兩個核心部分:第一部分是分析呂頤浩各方面的資訊,包括家世背景、仕宦經歷、性格特點、人際網絡關係,以及高宗起用他為相的幾個關鍵因素,上述的討論將有助於我們理解及解釋呂頤浩執政期間的作為;第二部分是分析呂頤浩執政期間所建構的戰時政治體制及戰時財政體制,以及這些措施對南宋得以存續所產生的效用,以及對南宋的政治發展、制度變革產生了甚麼樣的影響。 ; Wars are said to have a profound influence on a country's formation, development, and change. Previous studies of Chinese war history focused on its modern period, and, in particular, how China transformed into a modern country. However, wars have also had great impact on traditional China. ; In Chinese historiography there is a phenomenon called zhongxing 中興 (restoration). Non-Han Chinese invasions or civil wars resulted in the collapse of some empires. With the support of civil and military officials, imperial clan members suppress rebel forces, or resisted invasions from non- Han Chinese peoples, and thus continued the reign of the dynasty. The Southern Song is recognized as a period of restoration engineered by Emperor Gaozong 高宗. ; In 1125, the Jurchen emperor subverted the cooperation agreement signed with the Northern Song, and led his army towards Kaifeng, the Northern Song capital. The Song court made peace with the Jurchen army, who soon invaded Kaifeng again, and eventually destroyed this Chinese empire. Emperor Huizong 徽宗, Emperor Qinzong 欽宗, a large number of imperial clan, as well as people in the city were all captured by the Jurchen. Gaozong inherited the throne at Yingtianfu 應天府, which marked ...