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In World War I, the British Army implemented daily record keeping throughout its organization. Despite being crucial to the army's operational effectiveness and essential for historiography, the history of Unit War Diaries as mediated artefacts has been largely overlooked. This article investigates the interplay of culture, institutional practices and hitherto unnoticed technologies of writing involved in the mediation of operational record keeping. It reveals Unit War Diaries as not just containers or conduits in the army's practices of Information Management but as the nexus of tensions between bureaucracy, technologies and individuals that have shaped the understanding of warfare.

In the historiography on the origins of the First World War, the visions of war among European elites remain controversial. This article examines how Austria-Hungary's military officers imagined the character and outcome of a general European war before 1914. It argues that Habsburg officers writing in military journals adhered to the idea of a short war with only limited impact on economy and society. They were optimistic about winning a major European war alongside their ally Germany. Their belief in a limited war was based on the experiences of the modern cabinet wars fought in Europe in the middle of the nineteenth century.

AbstractRecent interest in the historiography of 'high politics' has centred mainly on historians writing in the 1960s and 1970s, above all Maurice Cowling. Less attention has been paid to the modified agendas pursued by the next generation of scholars. This essay explores some pioneering attempts to make sense of the structural relationships between 19th‐century British 'high politics' and its 'intellectual' contexts, focusing on a cluster of seminal 1980s studies by the historians Michael Bentley, Richard Brent, Boyd Hilton, and Jonathan Parry. Together, these works demanded a fundamental rethinking of how Victorian politics operated.

The article deals with the influence of archaic mythological motifs on the historiography, using the existence of different plots in the old Russian and the Middle Irish sources. The chronicle tradition of 'calling the Vikings' is usually considered as an element of pseudo-historic narratives of migratory tale, as are the motifs of 'three brothers' and 'marriage with a daughter of the local ruler'. An analysis of Giraldus Cambrensis' historical tracts shows that the development of these motifs is partly based on Irish historical records and finds support in the Irish Chronicles.

This study questions the anachronism about Phoenicia, often thought to have ended when Alexander the Great conquered the Levant. However, toponymic evidence suggests that Phoenicia came into existence with and after Alexander's conquests. Then it became an administrative division of the Roman Empire, to subsist as an ecclesiastical title down to Ottoman times. It was only in 1861 that the French scholar Ernest Renan invented and mapped "Phoenician archaeology." Later interpretations of Renan's view, converging with Biblical projections, led to the anachronistic use of "Phoenicia." This anachronism still governs historiography and politics in the Levant today.

This article examines the official names listed in the 'Egypt and Palestine' section of the 1922 report by the British Army's Battles Nomenclature Committee and compares them with descriptions of military engagements in the Official History to establish if they clearly identify the events. The Committee's application of their own definitions and guidelines during the process of naming these conflicts is evaluated together with examples of more recent usages in selected secondary sources. The articles concludes that the Committee's failure to accurately identify the events of this campaign have had a negative impacted on subsequent historiography.

Even though the subject of military service of Jews in the Lithuanian army in the years 1918 to 1940 is not completely new in historiography, many aspects hitherto covered in academic literature remain relevant to this day. The statistics for Jewish soldiers in the interwar Lithuanian army are without doubt one of those aspects. That is why in this article the aim is not just to identify the scale of participation by the Lithuanian army's Jewish soldiers in the Lithuanian War of Liberation, but also to analyse statistical data relating to Jewish soldiers serving in the interwar Lithuanian army in peacetime.

This study questions the anachronism about Phoenicia, often thought to have ended when Alexander the Great conquered the Levant. However, toponymic evidence suggests that Phoenicia came into existence with and after Alexander's conquests. Then it became an administrative division of the Roman Empire, to subsist as an ecclesiastical title down to Ottoman times. It was only in 1861 that the French scholar Ernest Renan invented and mapped "Phoenician archaeology." Later interpretations of Renan's view, converging with Biblical projections, led to the anachronistic use of "Phoenicia." This anachronism still governs historiography and politics in the Levant today.

Even though the subject of military service of Jews in the Lithuanian army in the years 1918 to 1940 is not completely new in historiography, many aspects hitherto covered in academic literature remain relevant to this day. The statistics for Jewish soldiers in the interwar Lithuanian army are without doubt one of those aspects. That is why in this article the aim is not just to identify the scale of participation by the Lithuanian army's Jewish soldiers in the Lithuanian War of Liberation, but also to analyse statistical data relating to Jewish soldiers serving in the interwar Lithuanian army in peacetime.

The review presents the analysis of Gyula Szvák's essays and studies written on Russian historiography over more than thirty years. His main field of research, the reigns of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great, and their importance in the course of Russian History stand in the focus of the collected works. His method, called by him "historical microphilology", is reminiscent of the approaches used by some scholars of conceptual history. He argues that by using this method some paradigms can be revealed which can help us better understand the flow of Russian History.

Russia was much more entwined in the narrative of Gallipoli than the Australian (and the international) historiography of that epic encounter suggests. The principal knot that tied Gallipoli and Russia together was the Constantinople Agreement of April 1915. Russia utilized British fears that she would abandon the Eastern front to impose on its Allies the secret Constantinople Agreement, which promised possession of the Straits and Constantinople to Russia after a successful war. Gallipoli was, in effect, both the main catalyst and guarantor of the Agreement, which then played a role in keeping Russia in the war, crucially denying Germany a one-front war.

The article is devoted to the preparations for the Great Patriotic War. This topic is not adequately covered in the historiography of the Murmansk region, especially on the material of individual cities in the region. n the article. The data obtained asa result of working with archival sources in State archive of the Murmansk region in the city Kirovsk is given. They are associated, first of all, with activities related to mobilization readiness of healthcare, air defense and chemical defense of the city. The results of this activity in the pre-war period were considered unsatisfactory.

This article analyses the increasing socio-economic segmentation of rural society in Northern Italy in the early modern era. With a synthesis of the historiography on the Italian countryside plus original archival research, we reconstruct the political role and the socioeconomic basis of rural elites in the State of Milan and in the Republic of Venice. We argue that, in general, the growing importance and the establishment of the rural elites were the result of more and more exclusive management of the commons, the concentration of landed property, and a near monopoly in local manufacturing and the local credit market.

The article covers the proceedings of the IV International Academic Conference 'Historical, Cultural, Interethnic, Religious and Political Relations of the Crimea with the Mediterranean Region and the Countries of the East', which was held on October 6–10, 2020 in Sevastopol on the basis of the Sevastopol State University and the State Historical and Archeological Museum-Reserve 'Chersonesos Taurica'. Talks on given problems were distributed through several areas of research — marine archeology, data from written sources, history, international affairs, historiography and cartography, archeology, numismatics, and others. Particular attention was paid to the interdisciplinary and complex research.

Despite the fact that historians almost always recognized that time is important for historiography or simply identified time with history (like Jules Michelet, who said that history is time, or Marc Bloch, who called history the science of people in time), only recently the necessary prerequisites were formed for historical time (its nature, structure, models of periodization and ways of experiencing) to become the direct subject of modern theory of history. This new state of affairs in the field of theory is today more and more often referred to as the temporal turn.