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In diesem Artikel wird Gesellschaftskritik im Bereich der Sozialen Arbeit aus der subjektiven Sicht des Autors reflektiert. Gesellschaftskritik wird als eine 'Bewegung' in Zeit (1960-2002) und Raum (alte Bundesrepublik - West-Berlin - neue Bundesrepublik - Soziale Arbeit) sichtbar. In der Zusammenschau der 'sich wandelnden Verhältnisse' und der sich in Korrespondenz damit ebenfalls ändernden Sichtweisen der KritikerInnen wird diese Bewegung - vielleicht - nachvollziehbar. Der Autor betont besonders die Zusammengehörigkeit von Kritik und Selbst-Reflexion.

Considers how 1920s-1930s Marxist critics dealt with three central literary problems: (1) the relation of form to content; (2) the relation of literature to history; & (3) the relation of an author's ideology to his or her creative work. It is observed that early Marxists took a number of diverse approaches to the issue of form & content, contradicting the conventional criticism that Marxism of the period was inappropriately economistic. However, it is shown that, despite these varied approaches, nearly all saw that a deep understanding of history was essential for any great literature. It is found that these Marxists were able to uncover oppositional beliefs in the literature they examined, although authors experienced difficulty in discerning their own ideological positioning. It is concluded that contemporary Marxist literary critics may take from these earlier scholars the necessity of a deep understanding of history & their consciousness of social forces in the making of art & its significance. D. M. Smith

[First paragraph]Columbus. FELIPE FERNANDEZ-ARMESTO. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. xxvii + 218 pp. (Cloth US$ 16.95, Paper US$ 6.99)The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS, JR. & CARLA RAHN PHILLIPS. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. xii + 322 pp. (Cloth US$ 27.95)In Search of Columbus: The Sources for the First Voyage. DAVID HENIGE. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991. xiii + 359 pp. (Cloth US$ 29.95)Columbus and the Golden World of the Island Arawaks: The Story of the First Americans and Their Caribbean Environment. D.J.R. WALKER. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle, 1992. 320 pp. (Cloth US$ 12.95)By the time this review appears in print, the Quincentenary celebrations and/or deprecations of the event will be slowly fading into most welcomed oblivion. There will be, of course, the unavoidable local commemorations of specific events: the discovery of such and such island, the anniversary of some European misdeed, the struggle for the valley of Mexico; but the collective remembrance of the Encounter/Discovery will have been allowed to run its course. In truth, after a veritable flood of publications, seminars, operas, protests, and ghastly movies, one is not too sorry to see the whole affair put safely away for another century. If there is any consolation to this continuous process of recovered memories and history, it is that a good number of sensible and scholarly works have been published - including some of those reviewed here - which demolish the idealization and glorification of the Atlantic enterprise and set the history of the Encounter/Discovery within a proper historical context.

THE TREATMENT OF THREE CENTRAL LITERARY PROBLEMS BY A NUMBER OF VERY DIVERSE MARXIST CRITICES, DRAWN PREDOMINANTLY FROM THE CLASSIC WORKS OF THE TWENTIES AND THIRTIES IS EXAMINED IN THIS ARTICLE. THE PROBLEMS ARE: 1) THE RELATION OF FORM TO CONTENT, 2) THE RELATION OF LITERATURE TO HISTORY, AND 3) THE RELATION OF AN AUTHOR'S IDEOLOGY TO HIS CREATIVE WORK. SHE ARGUES THAT A GOOD MARXIST CRITIC WILL USE HIS OWN MATERIALIST UNDERSTANDING OF HISTORY AND HIS CONSCIOUSNESS OF SOCIAL FORCES TO MAKE MORE FULLY APPARENT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A WORK AND THE ART OF ITS CREATOR, NOT TO SUBSTITUTE FOR THEM.