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"Street Matters links urban policy and planning with street protests in Brazil. It begins with the 2013 demonstrations that ostensibly began over public transportation fare increases but quickly grew to address larger questions of inequality. This inequality is physically manifested across Brazil, most visibly in its sprawling urban favelas. The authors propose an understanding of the social and spatial dynamics at play that is based on property, labor, and security. They stitch together the history of plans for urban space with the popular protests that Brazilians organized to fight for property and land. They embed the history of civil society within the history of urban planning and its institutionalization to show how urban and regional planning played a key role in the management of the social conflicts surrounding land ownership. If urban and regional planning at times benefited the expansion of civil rights, it also often worked on behalf of class exploitation, deepening spatial inequalities and conflicts embedded in different city spaces"--

'Brazil: Five Centuries of Change' by Thomas E. Skidmore and 'A Concise History of Brazil' by Boris Fausto are reviewed. Brazil: Five Centuries of Change by Thomas E. Skidmore and A Concise History of Brazil by Boris Fausto are reviewed.

An exploration of the main features of Brazil's history that have resulted in excessive concentration of property & political power, extensive underemployment of labor & natural resources, & persistent attachment to external motivations. The "owners of power" owe their pervasive influence to independence (1822), & during a unique empire that lasted for almost seventy years, they succeeded in retrieving from colonial times an internalization of the archaic metropolitan political & economic centralization. Now, however, there is a widespread feeling that the socioeconomic modernization of Brazil can no longer be neglected. A review of recent studies that, despite the difficulties presently faced, the possibilities for improving the situation are encouraging. The role of the state remains a much discussed subject. 31 References. Modified AA

Gonçalves, Carlos Eduardo Soares: Monetary policy independence and floating exchange rates: what does the Brazilian evidence tell us? - S. 29-35. Palley, Thomas: Escaping the dept constraint on growth: a suggested monetary policy for Brazil. - S. 36-49 Maria Rita Loureiro e Fernando Luiz Abrucio: Política e reformas fiscais no Brasil recente. - S. 50-72