The article examines the features of the phenomenon of tolerance in the scientific field, its essential characteristics, and themain features of its philosophical interpretations. The actualization of the study of the problem of identifying tolerance in the fieldof scientific activity is caused by the rapid transformation processes at both the global and national levels associated with thetransition of developed countries to the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. It is substantiated that tolerance is one ofthe key principles of effective development of scientific sphere, and the creative activity of a particular subject of scientificactivities. Progress in various fields of education and science, and the development of democratic relations in society depend onthe manifestations of tolerance or intolerance to the opinion of the Other. Tolerant attitude to the Other contributes to theachievement of positive results in joint activities, encourages the discovery of new forms of communication, expanding contactsin the field science between scientists in the world and establishing partnerships. ; Вступ. У статті досліджуються особливості феномену толерантності в науковій сфері, його сутнісні характеристики і основні рисифілософських інтерпретацій. Мета і завдання. Метою цієї статті є аналіз феномену толерантності у науковій сфері. Методологіядослідження. Для досягнення мети та вирішення поставлених у роботі завдань були використані герменевтичний та порівняльнийпідходи. Вони дозволили проаналізувати феномен толерантності, тенденції його осмислення та тлумачення, а також побачитироль, яку він відіграє у науковій сфері. Результати дослідження. Актуалізація дослідження проблеми виявлення толерантності усфері наукової діяльності обумовлена стрімкими трансформаційними процесами як на глобальному, так і на національному рівнях.Толерантність у стосунках між ученими є необхідною умовою успішної наукової співпраці. Обґрунтовано, що толерантність є одниміз ключових принципів ефективного розвитку наукової сфери, ...
The author investigates the organizational measures of modern Ukrainian society on the way of forming an effective system of science in accordance with the requirements of civilization development. Chronological boundaries of the study - the beginning of the nineteenth century until the present. The methodological basis for the study is the theoretical concept of the cyclical development of historical phenomena in relation to the world and local cultural spaces. The research is aimed at the cultural view of the modern problem of the modernization of the institute of science within the historically formed educational and scientific spaces of Ukraine. Taking a public view of the functioning of science in society for Ukraine is to identify it organizationally with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAN) was founded on November 1, 1918. The Commission was responsible for the rationale for the creation of the Academy to draft a bill on the founding of the Academy of Sciences in Kyiv. The Commission included representatives of the Ukrainian scientific elite of that time, led by V.I. Vernadsky. The main functions of the UAN were the organization and coordination of the scientific forces of the state. The history of the development of the UAN testifies to the civilization content of the strategy for the development of national science for the entire period of the twentieth century. The beginning of the XXI century declared a new system of relations in the world society. The meaningfulness of such relationships is marked by a new post-industrial society. For Ukraine, the reform of the institute of science after world shifts is becoming urgent. The modern scientific space of Ukraine can be characterized as functioning of the coordinate system "universityacademy". An appeal to the principles of scientific democracy should ensure a balance between the development of science in the university sector and academic institutions. The financial self-determination of universities has an opportunity to actualize scientific research. The University is able today to ensure the development of the humanitarian component of science, which reproduces the traditions of national culture. The academic structure needs to reload the strategy for reforming the material and technical support of research work for the branches of science, which have high ratings in the countries of the world.
of Financial Law – Mykhailo Andriyovych Baludyanskyi (1769–1847). The purpose of the article is the generalization and specifi cation of the contribution of M.A. Baludyanskyi in the development of fi nancial management of the Russian Empire and the fi nancial, legal science and education. The development of fundamental theoretical knowledge about the nature of the historical, social and personal aspects of the history of science and technology served as the methodological basis of the research. The author singled out main directions of scientifi c-pedagogical, administrative and reform efforts of М.А. Baludyanskyi, as well as their practical signifi cance for the development of fi nancial-legal science and management practice. It is determined that as a teacher, a scientist and a practitioner-fi nancier M.A. Baludyanskyi was a follower of one of the founders of fi nancial science, a well-known German representative of Cameralism, Joseph Sonnenfels. The generalization of materials on various fi elds of activity of Professor M.A. Baludyanskyi, made it possible to determine his signifi cant contribution to the development of fi nancial science and practice of the Russian Empire and in the process of the formation of the Russian fi nancial legislation.
The article investigates development of the Cabinet of Ukrainian Art History in the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (VUAN). The article highlights the contribution of O. P. Novytskyi and art-historians of Kyiv in the structural formation of VUAN's units for art history study. This article particularly focuses on the consolidation of scientists around the Cabinet and the Chair of Ukrainian art in the early 1920s. Consequently, established place of the Cabinet of Ukrainian Art History in VUAN's structure and its links with the arts section of Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv (USS). Followed the stages of the Cabinet development and formation of its collection of scientific materials. As a result, studied that throughout its existence, the Cabinet had the following stages: 1) 1922-1924 – O. P. Novytskyi works in the Chair of the Ukrainian art in conjunction with Arts section former USS; 2) 1924-1929 – establishing of the Cabinet of Ukrainian Art History and formation of its subdivisions; 3) 1930-1933 – reorganization; 4) 1933-1934 – new wave of repression and suppression of the Cabinet after O. P. Novytskyi's death. In article studied problem of dating of the beginning of the Cabinet and its liaison with the Chair of Ukrainian art of VUAN. Considered activity of structural subdivisions of the Cabinet: the Jewellery Commission, the group «Studio», the Museum of Ukrainian leaders and the Theatre Museum. The research highlights basic directions of studying art history in the Cabinet of Ukrainian Art History. Researched contribution of staff of the Cabinet to the development of scientific direction. The emphasis made on the contribution of the Cabinet in the training of young scientists in the field of Arts History in Kyiv. Moreover, considered influence of Soviet Government in to the work of the Cabinet. As a result of this research it was recognized that Cabinet besides collecting the materials was study and developed issues of the history of Ukrainian art «from ancient times to the present», including Shevchenko as an artist, history of architecture and music. Moreover, members of Cabinet prepared materials for encyclopedias, and dictionaries of Ukrainian art History, involved in the museum activity in Kyiv and Moscow, popularized Ukrainian art. ; Статья посвящена исследованию организации Кабинета украинского искусства Всеукраинской академии наук (ВУАН). В статье освещается вклад А. П. Новицкого и искусствоведов Киева в формирование структурных подразделений по изучению истории искусства в пределах ВУАН и консолидации ученых вокруг Кабинета и кафедры украинского искусства в начале 1920 гг. Установлено место Кабинета украинского искусства в структуре ВУАН и его связь с секцией искусств Украинского научного общества в Киеве (УНТ). Прослежены этапы деятельности Кабинета и формирования его собрания научных материалов. Рассмотрена проблема датировки начала работы Кабинета и его связи с кафедрой украинского искусства ВУАН. Охарактеризована деятельность структурных подразделений Кабинета: Золотарской комиссии, кружка «Studio», Музея украинских деятелей и Театрального музея. Исследованы основные направления работы искусствоведов Киева в Кабинете. Проанализирован вклад сотрудников Кабинета в развитие научного направления. Сосредоточено внимание на вкладе Кабинета в подготовку молодых ученых в области искусствоведения в Киеве. Выяснено влияние советской власти на работу Кабинета. ; Стаття присвячена дослідженню організації Кабінету українського мистецтва у Всеукраїнській академії наук (ВУАН). Висвітлюється внесок О. П. Новицького та мистецтвознавців Києва у формування структурних підрозділів з вивчення історії мистецтва в межах ВУАН і консолідації вчених навколо Кабінету та кафедри українського мистецтва на початку 1920 рр. Визначено місце Кабінету українського мистецтва у структурі ВУАН і його зв'язок з Секцією мистецтв Українського наукового товариства у Києві (УНТ). Простежено за етапами діяльності Кабінету та формування його збірки науково-дослідних матеріалів. Розглянуто проблему датування початку роботи Кабінету та його зв'язку з кафедрою українського мистецтва ВУАН. Охарактеризовано діяльність структурних підрозділів Кабінету: Золотарської комісії, гуртка «Studio», Музею українських діячів і Театрального музею. Досліджено основні напрями роботи мистецтвознавців Києва у Кабінеті. Проаналізовано внесок співробітників Кабінету у розвиток мистецтвознавчої науки. Зосереджено увагу на роботі Кабінету по підготовці молодих науковців з галузі мистецтвознавства в Києві. З'ясовано вплив радянської влади на роботу Кабінету.
This article is devoted to revealing the implications of the "legitimation project" of political science. The history of political written by the professional historians are examined as a kind of the latter one. The author has demonstrated image logic system of the relations which is responsible for mainly intuitive putting empirical material in order in the process of embodiment/emplotment of the particular history of political science. ; Данная статья посвящена выявлению импликаций "легитимационного проекта" политической науки. В качестве одной из разновидностей последнего рассматриваются истории политологии, написанные ее профессиональными историками. Была показана образно-логическая система связей, ответственная за преимущественно интуитивное упорядочивание эмпирического материала в ходе воплощения тех или иных историй политической науки. ; Дана стаття присвячена виявленню "легітимаційного проекту" політичної науки. У якості одного з різновидів останнього розглядаються історії, написані її професійними істориками. Була продемонстрована образно-логічна система зв'язків, що відповідальна за насамперед інтуїтивне впорядкування емпіричного матеріалу під час втілення певних історій політичної науки.
The article deals with the issue on the correlation, study and usage of the international relations history theoretical foundations as a sufficiently specific scientific direction, combining the features of historical and political sciences, in particular world history, the history of diplomacy, political science, the theory of the international relations, etc. The emergence of the international relations history is connected with the development of national historical sciences, the study of the history of diplomacy, geopolitical concepts, the theory of international relations, etc. The results of the scientific study of the international relations history have laid the basis for the common international processes study. Throughout the XX-th century this direction was actively developing, been influenced upon by the confrontation of political systems. Accordingly, antagonistic ideologies were used, a sample selection of historical facts and sources was carried out. Such issues as the concept and the subject of the international relations history, its periodization, and relations with the world history, history of diplomacy, the theory of international relations and other scientific directions still remain controversial.
Article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of actual situation of humanities and the problem of their social role. The political role of humanities lies primarily in promoting the creation of public space. It gives a possibility do develop the human skills which are needed to be an active public agent. The purpose of the article deals with the concretization of public role of humanities which can be presented as different politics. Results. In the article the following politics are presented: politics of ideal (refers to a certain ideal of liberal education which is based on the liberal arts); politics of meaning and sense (it concerns the recognition of meanings, including those that constitute the social and political worlds); politics of sensuality (it connected with performativity as manner to create and comprehend the social and political worlds; also it can be explained as distribution of sensuality in context of J. Ranciere's conception of aesthetics as politics); politics of reconfiguration of discourse (it deals with elaboration of rules of communication on social problems); politics of imagination (the influence on structure of social world with using of imagination and fantasy); politics of responsivity (the comprehension of alien subjectivity), politics of memory (the formation of culture of memory). Originality. The different "politics" of humanities are presented as specific because they are connected with specific of human sciences' cognition. We deals not with objectivity that is directed to the explanation of world as closed system, but we have open system of interpersonal interaction. This interpersonal interaction can structure and configure social and political spheres. Conclusion. The politics of humanities are not separate each other. They are crosscutting, creating horizon ability to influence the public sphere.
The article disclosed the specifics of the laws of politics and laws which determine operation of the governmental agencies. It was proved that the knowledge and use of their nature in the political life enabled the optimization of guidance in different political processes. The article stressed that any law, including natural, rarely was quite exhaustive and unambiguous as it was including comprising of various internally and externally contradictory trends. Thisstatement applied the laws of political science because their action made a large variety of effects, including random factors that had both objective and subjective natures. Key words: the politics, the purpose and means in politics, a trend, a law, laws of politics, laws of structures, laws of the functioning, the laws of development, "individual" laws. ; У статті розкрито суть і специфіку законів політики і законів, на основі яких вибудовуються, функціонують ті чи інші державні структури. Доведено, що їх знання і використання у політичному житті уможливлює оптимізацію керівництва різноманітними політичними процесами. Наголошується, що будь-який закон, зокрема природний, рідко буває цілком вичерпним та однозначним, він завжди приблизний, включає велику кількість різних внутрішньо та зовнішньо суперечливих тенденцій. Це надто стосується законів політології, оскільки на їх дію справляє вплив велика кількість різноманітних, зокрема випадкових, факторів як об'єктивного, так і суб'єктивного характеру. Ключові слова: політика, мета і засоби в політиці, тенденція, закономірність, закон, закони політики, закони структури, закони функціонування, закони розвитку, «індивідуальні» закони.
The article deals with the essence and meaning of the principles of forming of communicative skills and abilities of students considering innovation tendencies in the system of university education. The author proposes the system of principles of teaching forms a theoretical basis of the methodology of studying Ukrainian Language of Special Purpose in a higher educational establishment. Key words: general didactic principles, linguistic didactic principles, communicative skills and abilities. ; У статті розкрито сутність та зміст принципів формування комунікативних умінь і навичок студентів з урахуванням інноваційних тенденцій у системі університетської освіти. Запропонована система принципів навчання складає теоретичну основу методики вивчення української мови (за професійним спрямуванням) у вищій школі. Ключові слова: загальнодидактичні принципи, лінгводидактичні принципи, комунікативні вміння й навички.
The article investigates the problems of development of advocacy science in Ukraine. Оn the modern stage of development of science the confession of advocacy science as the special legal science is a necessity which is predetermined objective development of scientific legal knowledge about organization of advocacy and activity of advocates.Nowadays there are different approaches to the interpretation of advocacy science. The author analyzes the definitions of such concepts as «advocacy science», «advocacy law», «advocatologie», «theory of advocacy. The article defines each of these concepts, offers individual approach to determine correlation between each other. The author distincts features of advocacy science and prouves that unequal understanding, identification of advocacy science finally makes positive influence on the development of the legislation and its application.The role of the Bar in modern society, tendencies of development of advocate activity are investigated. It is very important to improve quality of legal services rendered,to enhance the role and prestige of the Bar in society, to protect rights and legitimate interests of attorneys. The improvement of activity of advocates, organization of advocacy, quality of legal assistance must be under the captious analysis of scientists. The mission of advocacy science is to promote development and strengthen of the Bar of Ukraine. Scientific researches are oriented to determination of future priority directions of development of advocacy.A legal theory must be based, at least, on three elements: theoretical conceptions, norms of legislation and practice. Indeed, a theory can specify on the lacks of legislation, practice of its application, or even based on the analogy of law or to the right. But however, such theoretical hypotheses must influence on the legal system of Ukraine and become instruments for its improvement, except for the cases when unverified and erroneous hypotheses are reproduced in public relations and result in changes in a legislation.Advocacy science investigates relations between advocates and governmental bodies, bodies of local self-government, their officials and officers, enterprises, institutions and organizations regardless of the type of their ownership and subordination, non-governmental and international organizations. It develops integrated methodology for professional training and retraining of advocates, assistant advocates, trainees. It promotes learning of the history and traditions of the Bar and scientific analysis of issues concerning activities of the Bar, elimination of any drawbacks in law enforcement practice. Scientists not always in time react on suggestion about changes to the laws, and it causes the rapid change of base of certain science. From these grounds there is an urgent necessity to strengthen the research constituent of advocacy science. ; Визначено, що виокремлення науки про адвокатуру як спеціальної юридичної науки є необхідним на сучасному етапі розвитку юридиспруденції. З'ясовано, що виникнення у складі правової науки окремої галузі про адвокатуру є наслідком об'єктивних процесів еволюції правознавства, потреби в інтеграції правових наукових знань про адвокатуру. Різні галузі правової науки містять знання, узагальнення, ідеї чи положення, що стосуються адвокатури, адвоката чи адвокатської діяльності, проте розвиток знань про адвокатуру та адвокатську діяльність у межах якоїсь із зазначених наук є обмеженим, неповним, у процесі вивчення відсутній системний підхід.Проаналізовано термінологічний ряд «адвокатологія», «наука про адвокатуру», «адвокатське право», «теорія адвокатури». Під терміном «теорія адвокатури» запропоновано позначати нові концепції вчених та практиків стосовно адвокатури. Такі концепції підлягають обговоренню та удосконаленню перед їх запровадженням у законодавство та практику його застосування.Зроблено висновок, що завдання теоретичної частини адвокатології полягає в дослідженні і роз'ясненні тих об'єктивних процесів, які призвели до виникнення адвокатури, визначенні її сутності та призначення у громадянському суспільстві, формулюванні її понятійного апарату тощо. Головним напрямом досліджень у теорії адвокатури доцільно вважати визначення таких раціональних кроків у її розвитку.
Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...
The article covers the history of the notarial districts formation in Ukraine. The subject matter of the study is the retrospective of notarial districts formation in Ukraine as well as the development of the grounded proposals for respective legislation improvement. The methodological basis of the study were general scientific (analysis, comparison and modelling) and special (formal and logical) methods of cognition. The notary territorial competence influence on the formation of notarial districts is considered. The author has proved that the notary territorial competence in the context of national legislation is understood as the basis for the notary districts formation. The research suggests the analysis of 4 stages of notary formation and development in Ukraine: early years of independence, establishment of the maximum number of notaries, the years of uncertainty and the current stage, characterized by changes due to administrative-territorial and digital reforms. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that during the early years of independence the legislation, considering the notary territorial competence, was poor, while state intervention into the process of notarial districts allocation was really high. The regulation of the maximum number of notaries and notarial quotas as the legal problem that does not meet today's challenges is revealed. Legislative drafts aiming at regulating the number of notaries and restricting such state intervention in notarial activity have been analysed. The present regulation of the notary territorial competence, as well as legislative updates, considering the administrative-territorial reforms in Ukraine, are studied. The attention is also paid to the administrative-territorial structure as a basis for the allocation of the notary territorial competence. The main concepts of forming the list of notarial districts by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine are outlined; moreover, their pros and cons are highlighted. The governmental plans to digitalize the state services in terms of launching electronic notaries for remote notarial acts are mentioned. The offer to improve the principles of notary districts system in order to increase the availability of notarial acts to the population is given (driven by the examples of regional notary districts in Kyiv and Sevastopol aiming at providing remote notarial acts). Taking into account the Constitutional provisions, the need to consolidate the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine authorities is justified in context of approving the list of notarial districts in the Law of Ukraine "On Notaries". Keywords: territorial competence of a notary, maximum number of notaries, administrative-territorial structure, administrative-territorial unit, quotas of notaries, availability of notarial acts
The creativity of Spengler and the ambiguity of his theory have caused and continue to cause profound interest, as well as fierce debates. Spengler introduced his cultural historical doctrine in the book "The Decline of the West", in which he sought to reflect all the diversity of historical metamorphoses of humanity. His advanced concept of high cultures allowed him to approach the analysis of contemporary political processes from a historical perspective. "The Decline of the West" has already become an integral part of the European spiritual culture. This paper attempts to analyze Spengler's philosophy of history. During the research, the authors have used the comparative-historical method, the methodology of philosophical hermeneutics, as well as the integrative anthropological approach.
