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The main objective of this article is to present some of the main arguments by Eric Weil that support the relevant thesis of the importance of free and deliberate choice of human beings for rational life. This demonstrates, therefore, that it is reasonable to search for a more and more humanized existence, founded on fundamental values of human life, such as honesty, justice and happiness. This makes gradually and progressively possible to overcome and to deter, as far as possible, different types of violence. However, human beings are aware that total eradication of violence in the world is unthinkable, since freedom of human beings is a process of continuous deliberation and choice, at personal, communal and social level.

Circumscribing the scope in which atheism can be understood, namely, in the sphere of customs, religious, political and theological conventions, and even in the field of temperaments and characters, from Pensées diverses sur la comète to Continuation des Pensées sur la comète, and the Réponse aux quéstions d'un Provincial Bayle erects, substantiates and radicalizes the link between atheism and virtue, understanding here atheism under a practical approach, that is, in relation to the attitude of those who live as if a god did not exist, minimizing the value of its effectiveness over human conduct. However, such a position is no less endowed with virtue, once such a term is understood as a perpetual disposition to perform certain moral acts and having as purpose the acts of practical life, such as justice, honesty, courage, friendship, among others.