Suchergebnisse

Profiles six non-governmental organization programs that involve women leaders and are designed to alleviate effects of direct violence, including civil war, foreign occupation, terrorism, domestic abuse, and disregard for women's human rights. Sisterhood is Global Institute (SIGI), People's Rights Movement (PRM), Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), the UN, Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW), and the International Peace Research Association (IPRA).

In recent decades scholars have shown considerable and steadily increasing interest in medieval discussions of rights. This book aims to make a significant contribution to scholarship by providing a detailed and systematic account of Conrad Summenhart's (1455-1502) language of individual rights. Starting from the view that Summenhart's Opus septipertitum contains a carefully constructed and comprehensive theory of individual rights, this study analyses Summenhart's theory in its historical context treating it as a culmination of late medieval discourse on individual rights. This study is particularly useful to scholars interested in the origin of human rights language and modern political individualism, as well as to all those who work in the field of late medieval and early modern political and moral philosophy. -- Book Cover.

Comments on a special journal symposium on Kathryn Sikkink's The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions Are Changing World Politics. Adapted from the source document.

Essay in a symposium on international statesman Max van der Stoel and his important contribution to promoting security and human rights. Adapted from the source document.

Chapter 1: A Window of Hope for Housing, Land and Property Rights (2011-2021) -- Chapter 2: Key HLP Challenges as the Democratic Window Opens -- Chapter 3: First Things First: Early Attention to HLP Rights by the New Regime of President Thein Sein (USDP) -- Chapter 4: The Panglong II Peace Process (2016-2021) and HLP Rights -- Chapter 5: Reforming Land Acquisition Laws -- Chapter 6: The National Land Use Policy (2016) -- Chapter 7: Efforts Towards Achieving HLP Restitution (2011–2021) -- Chapter 8: The HLP Window Slams Shut: The 2021 Military Coup and the End of HLP Reforms -- Chapter 9: Preparing the Ground for a Return to a Democratic Myanmar: A 19-Point Plan to Build a Better HLP Future for the People of Myanmar.

BACKGROUND: In 2012, Ghana ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and enacted a Mental Health Act to improve the quality of mental health care and stop human rights violations against people with mental health conditions. In line with these objectives, Ghanaian stakeholders collected data on the quality of mental health services and respect for human rights in psychiatric facilities to identify challenges and gather useful information for the development of plans aimed to improve the quality of the services offered. This study aimed to assess psychiatric facilities from different Ghanaian regions and provide evidence on the quality of care and respect of human rights in mental health services. METHODS: Assessments were conducted by independent visiting committees that collected data through observation, review of documentation, and interviews with service users, staff, and carers, and provided scores using the World Health Organization QualityRights Toolkit methodology. RESULTS: This study revealed significant key challenges in the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities principles in Ghanaian psychiatric services. The rights to an adequate standard of living and enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health were not fully promoted. Only initial steps had been taken to guarantee the right to exercise legal capacity and the right to personal liberty and security. Significant gaps in the promotion of the right to live independently and be included in the community were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies shortcomings and critical areas that the Ghanaian government and facilities need to target for implementing a human rights-based approach in mental health and improve the quality of mental health care throughout the country.

This article argues for the decisive influence of the Third World on the development of economic and social rights in the postwar human rights program. For states confronting extreme poverty and underdevelopment, the urgency of securing these rights was a constant refrain. Yet the challenge of delivering them in the context of immense resource constraints soon led to significant departures from the accepted formulation of the 1948 Universal Declaration, which held all rights in an organic unity. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Third World campaign would compromise their very character as "rights" wielded by the individual, transforming them instead into inter-state claims far removed from the citizen.

OBJECTIVES: The catastrophic effects of armed conflict, particularly prolonged armed conflict, on individual and public health are well established. The 'right' to healthcare during armed conflict and its lack of enforcement despite a range of United Nations mandated requirements regarding health and healthcare provisions is likely to be a significant feature in future conflicts, as zoonotic-induced pandemics become a more common global public health challenge. The issue of enforcement of health rights assurance and its implications for the public health management of global pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in and between countries and regions in conflict is the objective of this Review. STUDY DESIGN: A narrative review was conducted. METHODS: Referenced to the framework of International humanitarian law (IHL) and International human rights law (IHRL) to explore and discuss the deficits in health rights assurances in conflict settings and illustrate how gaps in protection and lack of enforcement compounds the disease response. Both IHL, and IHRL can be leveraged to ensure human and health rights are assured in conflict settings. There is a distinct lack of international criteria with regard to standards of healthcare coverage, infrastructure and service preservation to the civilian population during times of armed conflict. This has far reaching consequences when confounded by a pandemic or even localised disease outbreak. RESULTS: We illustrate how in a pandemic disease emergency, such as COVID-19, all life is threatened; and how leaving the citizen population exposed to this contagion is a human rights breach and an indirect method of warfare. The consequences of failure to effectively address such pandemic infections, (i.e. COVID-19), in a conflict setting are potentially catastrophic as prevention and containment responses are severely constrained by state insecurity, political instability, terrorism, repression, rights abuses, and displacement of citizens. Neglect by State actors potentially constitutes a breach of the universal right to life. States cannot justify their failures to mitigate disease based on claims of lack of resources, even when available resources are minimal. Where discrimination of people with a disease, such as COVID-19, or minority groups at the point of access to health facilities occurs, this further breaches the principle of medical neutrality. CONCLUSIONS: The example of the COVID-19 response may offer a viable route to leverage greater access and coverage of healthcare in conflict and humanitarian settings. A radicalised partnership approach during these times of emergency is warranted, based on an ethical 'humanitarian intervention' approach to provide care to all affected by contagious disease in conflict settings.

The acknowledgement of new rights and human rights standards in the context of the Inter-American System of Human Rights had followed different logics. This paper categorizes formal and informal mechanisms regarding the inter-american legal framework and the jurisprudence of its organs. Here we propose a critical analysis of the progress of the inter- american system of human rights' mechanisms and its debated democratic legitimacy. ; El reconocimiento de nuevos derechos y estandares de derechos humanos en el ambito del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos ha seguido distintas logicas. En este articulo categorizamos mecanismos formales e informales a partir de un estudio del marco juridico interamericano yla jurisprudencia de sus organos. Este análisis crítico pretende reflexionar sobre el avance de estos mecanismos dentro del sistema interamericano y su discutida legitimidad democrática.