Suchergebnisse

Pros and cons, ethics, alternatives, and role of the UN; 9 articles. Some focus on the relationship between state sovereignty and human rights.

Pros and cons of intervention by an individual country or by the UN in a sovereign nation, ostensibly for human rights purposes; ethical, legal, and practical considerations; 17 articles.

NOT FOR 300 HUNDRED YEARS HAS THE WORLD UNDERGONE AS BIG A CHANGE AS IT'S NOW EXPERIENCING. THE EXISTING ORDER OF NATION-STATES--THE "WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM"--HAS ERODED, AND A NEW--AS YET UNDEFINED--"GLOBAL" ERA HAS BEGUN. IN THE NEW GLOBAL ORDER, NATION-STATES WILL HAVE TO SHARE THEIR POWER WITH INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (SUCH AS THE U.N. AND EUROPEAN UNION), TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS, AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS UNTIL PEOPLE DIVISE SOME FORM OF NEW GLOBAL GOVERNANCE. THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM BEGAN IN 1648, AT THE END OF EUROPE'S THIRTY YEARS WAR AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. THIS SYSTEM HAS CENTRALIZED POWER IN SOME FORM OF RULER. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES HAVE ALLOWED SUCH A RULER TO GOVERN LARGE AREAS OF LAND. BUT CLEAR BOUNDARIES HAVE BEEN VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM, WHICH HAS DIVIDED THE GLOBE INTO A NEAT PATCHWORK OF COUNTRIES. EACH COUNTRY CLAIMS TO HAVE THE SOLE AUTHORITY OVER WHAT HAPPENS WITHIN ITS BORDERS, BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY. REPLACING THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM WILL NOT HAPPEN OVERNIGHT. THE WORLD ORDER EVOLVED, AND PEOPLE (SUCH AS INTERNATIONAL LAWYERS) GRADUALLY NOTICED THAT A NEW WORLD ORDER HAD EMERGED. THE SAME PROCESS IS UNDERWAY TODAY.

Authorizing intervention through an ethics of human rights, an ethics of the right to a historical community, and an ethics of peace; with special reference to the UN Charter.

Moral, political, and legal considerations; need for a standing UN army; US perspective.

The three ethical positions Laberge outlines are: (1) "Rawlsian ethics," which are distinct from the ethics of Immanuel Kant and John Rawls himself; (2) the position of Michael Walzer adapted from J. S. Mill; and (3) the position most recently articulated by the Canadian philosopher Howard Adelman on the "Anglo-American" debate, which developed out of Walzer's position. These three positions, Laberge writes, are "an ethics of human rights, ethics of the right to a historical community, and an ethics of peace