The Responsibility to Protect. Rhetoric, Reality and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention
In: Politique étrangère: PE ; revue trimestrielle publiée par l'Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Heft 4, S. 912-913
ISSN: 0032-342X
In: Politique étrangère: PE ; revue trimestrielle publiée par l'Institut Français des Relations Internationales, Heft 4, S. 912-913
ISSN: 0032-342X
In: Études internationales, Band 33, Heft 2, S. 382
ISSN: 1703-7891
As críticas às intervenções humanitárias têm aumentado nas últimas décadas, uma vez que o equilíbrio entre soberania e a possibilidade de intervenções no seio da Sociedade Internacional (SI) permanece complicado. O estabelecimento de um "sinal verde" para intervenções em quaisquer situações ditas humanitárias daria intensificaria o imperialismo das grandes potências; entretanto, um "sinal vermelho", resultando na impossibilidade de intervenções em todas as situações, seria um argumento absurdo, visto que existem situações de emergências humanitárias reais. A busca pelos melhores parâmetros de uma "luz amarela" é, portanto, um sério desafio, dadas as dificuldades em estabelecer os limites legais e políticos das respostas humanitárias. No entanto, não podemos conceber essa "luz amarela" sem entender que a ausência de neutralidade da SI em relação às intervenções humanitárias parece ser, na verdade, um mito hegemônico positivista. Desse modo, o objetivo mais importante deste artigo é demonstrar a presença da sociedade internacional antes, durante e depois dos conflitos, principalmente por meio de políticas neoliberais/neocoloniais. Para atingir esse objetivo, a Teoria Crítica e a Economia Política Internacional (EPI) serão fundamentais, assim como a estreita relação entre os campos de conhecimento do Direito Internacional (DI) e das Relações Internacionais (RI). Com base nesses preceitos metodológicos, destacaremos essa falta de neutralidade a partir da análise das intervenções humanitárias na Bósnia-Herzegovina e no Timor-Leste. O principal resultado desta pesquisa demonstra a presença de políticas neocoloniais no contexto do DI. Palavras-chave: Neocolonialismo; Neoliberalismo; Direito Internacional; Hegemonia; Intervenções Humanitárias. ; Criticism on humanitarian interventions has been increasing in recent decades, as the balance between sovereignty and interventions within International Society (IS) remains difficult. The establishment of a 'green light' for interventions for any so-called humanitarian situation would provide a free path to the imperialism of the great powers; however, a 'red light' resulting in the impossibility of interventions in all situations would be an absurd argument, since there are situations of real humanitarian emergencies. Searching for the best parameters of a 'yellow light' is thus a serious challenge, owing to the difficulties in establishing the legal and political boundaries of a humanitarian response. Nevertheless, we cannot envisage this 'yellow light' without comprehending that the absence of neutrality of the IS as concerns humanitarian interventions seems to be a positivist hegemonic myth. Therefore, the foremost objective of this article is to demonstrate the presence of international society before, during and after conflicts, particularly through neoliberal/neocolonial policies. To achieve this goal, Critical Theory and International Political Economy (IPE) will be essential, as well as the intrinsic relation between International Law and International Relations' scopes of knowledge. Based on these methodological precepts, we will highlight this lack of neutrality by analyzing the humanitarian interventions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Timor-Leste. The utmost result of this research highlights neo-colonial policies in DI's background.Keywords: Neocolonialism; Neoliberalism; International Law; Hegemony; Humanitarian Interventions.
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In: Études internationales, Band 21, Heft 1, S. 176
ISSN: 1703-7891
In: Études internationales, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 171
ISSN: 1703-7891
In: Études internationales, Band 43, Heft 3, S. 484
ISSN: 1703-7891
In: Études internationales, Band 25, Heft 3, S. 616
ISSN: 1703-7891
In: Relations internationales: revue trimestrielle d'histoire, Heft 131, S. 9-25
ISSN: 0335-2013
This article offers a preliminary reflection on the origins of the concept & state practice of humanitarian intervention. The article proposes an ideal-type definition of this intervention, & challenges the idea that humanitarian intervention abruptly appeared as a specific kind of inter-state relation at the beginning of the 1990s. Nineteenth-century humanitarian intervention was the result of a distinctively European conception of human rights, of the characteristics of a given international system & international society. These interventions "on humanitarian grounds" occurred exclusively within the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire; they were implemented by the European powers collectively; & they aimed at protecting Ottoman Christian minorities, victims of massive violations of the most basic human rights. Adapted from the source document.
In: Défense nationale: problèmes politiques, économiques, scientifiques, militaires, Band 54, S. 45-55
ISSN: 0035-1075, 0336-1489
Discusses French military interventions and delineates two types of participation into other countries' conflicts: humanitarian interventions and interventions involving active protection of civil populations from their aggressors with military forces.
In: Études internationales, Band 33, Heft 3, S. 580
ISSN: 1703-7891
In: Refugee survey quarterly: reports, documentation, literature survey, Band 21, Heft 3, S. 160-165
ISSN: 1020-4067
With regard to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, this paper raises questions as to how the horror could have been avoided & whether the humanitarians were in a position to help avoid it. The author describes how the ultimate horror, which no one dared think or believe -- the genocide -- was long in preparation. The absolute humanitarian urgency arises when all that makes us human is drained or driven from us. The diabolic preparation to systematically eliminate all those who are different should have given enough warning to all those who had the power to stop what was about to happen. Humanitarian action can be effective only if in parallel there is greater room for freedom, tolerance, & social justice. The task here is not humanitarian but primarily political. The humanitarian actors of the 21st century ought to find strategies to denounce the states that plan & commit the violence & the states that do not stop the perpetrators. Adapted from the source document.
In: Cultures et Conflits, Heft 60, S. 39-62
In: Critique internationale: revue comparative de sciences sociales, Heft 2, S. 161-182
ISSN: 1149-9818, 1290-7839
Armed humanitarian intervention, also covered by the concepts of "right" or "duty to interfere" & "duty to protect," is a military intervention in foreign territory that aims to put a stop to serious & widespread human rights violations. This practice being defined according to its aim, in order to be humanitarian, armed intervention depends entirely on the "rightful intention" of the intervening state, a rationale that tends to underestimate the weight of politics in the ethics of intervention. But to what extent, & how far, should the intervening state be disinterested? This article sets out first of all to offer a realist critique of the traditional criterion of "rightful intention" & suggests that the "disinterested" requirement of the intervening state be discarded. It then examines the case of Iraq, wondering whether it can be considered as a humanitarian intervention. It goes on to reconstruct a pragmatic & essentially consequentialist ethic of humanitarian intervention without the "rightful intention" criterion, but based on a dual evaluation that would avoid or at least limit the use of the humanitarian label as a pretext. Adapted from the source document.
In: Thèse ... de la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Genève n° 907
In: Thèse de la Faculté de Droit de l'Université de Genève no 907