Suchergebnisse

"Migration research has dealt mainly with the forces which affect migration and how strongly they have affected it, but little has been done to determine the influence of migration as an equilibrating mechanism in a changing economy. The movements of migrants clearly are in the appropriate direction, but we do not know whether the numbers are sufficient to be efficient in correcting income disparities as they emerge. There is a strong presumption that they are not.; The central purpose of this paper is to develop the concepts and tools with which to attack the latter problem. I propose to identify some of the important costs and returns to migration both public and private - and, to a limited extent, devise methods for estimating them. This treatment places migration in a resource allocation framework because it treats migration as a means in promoting efficient resource allocation and because migration is an activity which requires resources. Within this framework, my goal will be to determine the return to investment in migration rather than to relate rates of migration to income differentials." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

"In this paper we will exploit the data which the U.S. National Science Foundation with the help of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, has recently collected and published in three pamphlets (National Science Foundation, 1958, 1962, 1965). In these sources are contained the numbers of scientists and engineers who emigrated to the United States between 1949 and 1961. For the years 1957-61 the data indicate the countries of last residence of these migrants; for 1961-62 the data distinguish the immigrants' countries of birth and of last residence. We have combined this latter information on emigrants by countries with newly available data on the stocks of scientists and engineers and numbers of first degrees in these fields granted by individual countries. In the next section we present time series on total U.S. immigration of scientific manpower, relate them to statistics on the U.S. output of first degrees in the various disciplines and compute the capital value of these migrants to the United States. In Section III we present time series on the losses experienced by some individual countries and relate these to their current output and existing stock of scientists and engineers. In Section IV we examine the emigration of scientists and engineers in the context of general migration." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))