Suchergebnisse

Numerous studies have demonstrated that men's educational profiles dominate couple migration decisions. However, most of these investigated the US context or were conducted in the previous century. This study examines the role of both partners' educational attainments in couple migration in recent years in a new context: the Netherlands. The Netherlands is one of the countries in which women surpass men in educational attainment. We take a geographical perspective and test Costa and Kahn's (2000) hypothesis that power couples - two partners with university degrees - are more likely than other couples to migrate to metropolitan areas with dense labour markets in order to solve their "colocation problem." Data are derived from the Dutch Labour Force Survey between 2006 and 2015. The research population consists of all opposite-sex married and unmarried couples aged 18-45 (N = 90,314 couples). By linking the respondents to integral register data, we tracked all couples until three years after the interview date. The results show that both men's and women's human capital increases migration propensities, although effect sizes are relatively small. Social factors such as the geographical distance to birthplace and parents appear to play a significant role in couple migration. We found only partial support for Costa and Kahn's (2000) colocation hypothesis. Power couples who live in the core region are less likely than other couples to migrate to more peripherally located regions. However, periphery-to-core migration is only affected by the male partner's human capital, not by hers. Hence, the concentration of power couples in Dutch metropolitan areas probably stems from highly educated, single, young, urban adults who migrated there individually and who tend to stay there after union formation.

The paper investigates the gender wage gap in relation to the multi-dimensional human capital measure, asking which human capital components are most valued in the European labour markets. Relying on the Programme of International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data for seventeen European countries and applying Gelbach (Citation2016) decomposition, we document remarkable cross-country disparities in the returns to different human capital components. The only dimension that consistently and significantly decreases gender wage disparities in all countries is work experience related to a currently occupied position. Numeracy cognitive ability is another strong predictors of the gender wage disparity, while job-specific cognitive and non-cognitive skills reveal weaker than expected association with the gender wage gap. Unlike the studies stressing the decreasing importance of human capital in the gender wage gap assessment, we argue that a narrow definition of human capital may undermine the actual effect of the latter.

El presente trabajo analiza el comportamiento cíclico de la inscripción en educación
superior de adultos jóvenes. Para esto se desarrolla un modelo de datos de panel para
los países de la Unión Europea entre el año 2000 y el 2018. En primer lugar, se
encuentran efectos estadísticamente significativos del ciclo económico en la inscripción,
los cuales difieren según características sociodemográficas como edad y sexo. En
concreto, para la inscripción de jóvenes de entre 20 y 30 años se observa tanto efectos
pro-cíclicos del PBI per cápita como contra-cíclicos de la tasa de desempleo, aunque no
para otros rangos etarios. Al analizar por separado la inscripción a diferentes programas,
se encuentra que, en programas de ciclo corto, grado y maestría la inscripción femenina
se ve más afectada que la masculina por variaciones en el PBI per cápita. Se observan
además diferencias en el comportamiento de la inscripción según el nivel de PBI per
cápita y profundidad financiera del país.

We use a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to analyse the impact of microcredit on poverty reduction in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study population are loan applicants that would normally have just been rejected based on regular screening. We find that access to credit allowed borrowers to start and expand small-scale businesses. Households that already had a business and where the borrower had more education, ran down their savings, presumably to complement the loan and to achieve the minimum amount necessary to expand their business. In less-educated households, however, consumption went down. A key new result is that there was a substantial increase in the labour supply of young adults (16-19 year olds). This was accompanied by a reduction in school attendance. (author's abstract)

Jugendarbeitslosigkeit, alternde Gesellschaft, Bevölkerungsabnahme, Flexibilisierung: Auch vor dem polnischen Arbeitsmarkt scheinen europäische Trends nicht Halt zu machen. Trügt der Schein? Der Beitrag wirft Schlaglichter auf die sich angeblich auch in Polen vollziehenden Arbeitsmarktentwicklungen. (WeltTrends / SWP)

Recently the argument is raised in political discussions that an increasing productivity could be reached by capital investments in education. The Directive on Services in the Internal Market of the European Commission or the General Agreement on Trade in Services are pushing this process where education is only a kind of tool for reaching a strong European economy without taking into account the challenge of value based European education. In this article [the author] looks critically to the main driver in the 'economisation' of education: the theory of economic growth. The economically driven European and world society could be seen as the major reason for this economisation of education. (DIPF/Orig.)