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The subject of the study is an essence and sources of the concept of hybrid war, signs of hybridity. Topicality. In recent years, the Russian Federation has been waging a hybrid war against Ukraine. The source of hybrid wars is hybrid politics and hybrid economics. The study of the phenomenon of hybrid warfare, gives the opportunity to determine their essence, allows you to develop the correct trade and economic policy of the state. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to define the essence of the concept of hybrid war and to reveal the sources, causes, signs of this phenomenon, the policy and strategy of counteraction in the hybrid war. Methodology. The methodical approach of analysis and classification of types of hybrid wars is used in the article, the modern vision of economic war as a component of hybrid war is systematized. The method of generalization used allowed to establish the properties of hybrid wars and the characteristics of hybrid economy. Results. The concept of «hybrid economy», «hybrid policy», «hybrid war» and their relationship are discussed. The classification of wars by forms and directions is suggested. The definition of hybrid war as a combination of «cold» «hot» is given. Area of application. The results of the study of the features and mechanisms of hybrid wars will help to develop recommendations for the development of a national strategy for economic development in the context of hybrid warfare and counteraction to the aggressor country.

Hybrid genres include infotainment, infomercial, arguetainment, communication stampede, spin, and media spectacle. In altered social circumstances, the usual elements of existence as a society, citizen, and public are transformed into the market, consumerist and commercial. Conventional information education becomes ad hoc commercial education. Instead of genuine media content that seeks a media audience that resonates with it, there is advertising (entertainment) through private media intended for consumers. In a construed reality, media corporation owners are not interested in the citizen, but in profit. The consequences include social spectacularization, the illusion of de-ideologization, celebrity culture, and the fact that we are generally becoming shallow. The pandemic has further intensified these trends, which in the horizons of media philosophy may be primarily considered as a Neronian intensification of fear on a global scale.

The controversies about cases such us of epistemic injustice, epistemic paternalism and epistocracy indicate that knowledge needs to be considered as socially situated phenomena and, consequently, that epistemic attitudes, social practices and institutions require evaluation from both an epistemic and an ethical/political perspective. The project titled as ethics of knowing and, especially, promising concept of hybrid virtues or corresponding hybrid view provides a desirable framework for the comprehensive evaluation of beliefs, social institutions and practices that embrace intellectual as well as ethical and political values. In the paper, I will start with exploring testimonial justice as a form of epistemic justice or, more precisely, by questioning of both epistemic and ethical justificatory status of credibility deficit and credibility excess in everyday epistemic practices. I will argue that not only an epistemic attitude such as credibility excess, but also social practices such as epistemic paternalism or epistocracy demonstrate the conflict of epistemic and ethical/political values and impose on us various doubts concerning the content of a hybrid view. Consequently, I will address the questions of the minimal conditions of epistemic attitude, practice or institution that deserve an ascription of virtuous in a hybrid sense.

Seit einigen Jahren zeichnet sich beim Kaufverhalten ein gewisser neuer "Trend" ab. Es gibt nicht mehr nur konsistentes Kaufverhalten, das von den Forschern einschätzbar ist, sondern immer mehr Menschen, die sich in bestimmten Situationen besonders preissensitiv verhalten, in anderen wiederum besonders preiselastisch, kurzum: "Mit dem Porsche zum Aldi." Dieser Konsument wird als hybrider Konsument bezeichnet und sein Verhalten gilt als unberechenbar. Dadurch wird es für den Handel immer schwieriger, den Konsumenten einschätzen zu können und somit gezielt anzusprechen. Ein hybrides Konsummuster verlangt nach neuen Segmentierungskriterien und die Markenpositionierung wird erschwert. Diese Arbeit soll einen Teil dazu beitragen, den hybriden Konsumenten besser zu verstehen und durch eine qualitative Forschung im Rahmen eines Experiments und eines begleitenden Leitfaden-Interviews die Ursachen und Einflussfaktoren auf das hybride Konsumentenverhalten zu eruieren. Die Studie konzentriert sich dabei auf Shopping Goods, im Speziellen auf Appearance Goods. Das Buch richtet sich an Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, den Handel und Marketingmanager.

Der hybride Operationssaal ist in aller Munde. Grund genug, den derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand und die Vorteile der neuen Technik zu beleuchten. Welche Neuerungen kann man in Zukunft erwarten, und was sollten Klinikmanager bei der Planung beachten? Diese Fragen hat kma Sven Seifert vom Klinikum Chemnitz gestellt.

New security challenges are looking for new security paradigms in order that state and societies can successfully face with them on preventive level. Due to the rapid influence of hybrid threats to almost all areas of our lives today, we must change our attitude toward those problems and introduce and transform existing intelligence and security studies as a separate science in order to prepare our societies for security challenges that are already here.

French sociologist and philosopher, Bruno Latour, is one of the most significant and creative thinkers of the last decades. Bruno Latour: Hybrid Thoughts in a Hybrid World is the first comprehensive and accessible English-language introduction to this multi-faceted work. The book focuses on core Latourian themes: contribution to science studies (STS - Science, Technology & Society) philosophical approach to the rise and fall of modernity innovative thoughts on politics, nature, and ecology contribution to the branch of sociology known as ANT - Actor-Network Theory. With ANT, Latour has pioneered an approach to socio-cultural analysis built on the notion that social life arises in complex networks of actants - people, things, ideas, norms, technologies, and so on - influencing each other in dynamic ways. This book explores how Latour helps us make sense of the changing interrelations of science, technology, society, nature, and politics beyond modernity.