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"The International Crisis Behavior Project" published on by Oxford University Press.

"International Crises Interrogated: Modeling the Escalation Process with Quantitative Methods" published on by Oxford University Press.

14 slides.-- Presentation showed at the Final Workshop FLEDGED Project: flexible Sorption Enhanced processes for biomass to DME conversion, 27-28-29 October 2020. ; Assess the performance of the Sorption Enhanced Gasification process in a 30 kWth bubbling fluidized bed reactor (BFB) placed at the Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC) (Zaragoza, Spain). ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 727600. ; Peer reviewed

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os três padrões tradicionais de gerenciamento de projetos, no caso, Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), Competence Baseline (ICB - IPMA) e Projects In Controlled Environments (PRINCE2), e verificar se os padrões deverão ser utilizados separadamente ou poderão ser utilizados em conjunto. Mostrou-se os conceitos do PMBOK, suas dez áreas de conhecimentos (Riscos, Recursos humanos, Escopo, Custo, Qualidade, Partes interessadas, Tempo, Integração, Comunicação, Aquisições), seus cinco grupos de processos (Iniciação, Planejamento, Execução, Monitoramento e controle e Encerramento) e seus 47 processos. Apresentou-se o ICB, o olho da competência, as três competências (Técnicas, Comportamentais e Contextuais) e seus 46 elementos. Descreveram-se os sete princípios do PRINCE2 (Justificativa de negócio, Aprender a partir da experiência, Papéis e Responsabilidades, Gerenciamento por estágios, Gerenciamento por exceção, Foco no produto), os sete temas (Business Case, Organização, Qualidade, Plano, Risco, Mudança, Progresso), e seus sete processos. Compararam-se os três padrões e dessa comparação concluiu-se que os três padrões podem ser utilizados de acordo com o entendimento do gerente do projeto, podendo usá-los de forma complementar.

This study uses a visualization technique, systemism, to integrate ICB Project findings about crisis, escalation and war in particular. The domain of the analysis, 1999–2017, is the period following the authoritative review of research in Michael Brecher (1999; International studies in the twentieth century and beyond: Flawed dichotomies, syntheses, cumulation, International Studies Quarterly 43: 213–264) up to the present. Systemism is used to combine, in graphic form, substantively significant results from ICB Project research. Insights about cause and effect for escalation processes are obtained that would not readily be available in the absence of graphic representation. This learning is made possible through application of systemism, a visualization technique, to convey a network of variables leading into war.

[ES] El presente Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo analizar el área de Gestión de riesgos de la dirección de proyectos considerando y comparando los principales estándares y metodologías para la Dirección y Gestión de Proyectos, como son el Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) del Project Management Institute, PRojects IN Controlled Environments 2 (PRINCE2) de la Office of Government Commerce (OGC-UK), el Open Project Management Methodology (PM2) de la Comisión Europea, la Individual Competence Baseline (ICB 4) de la International Project Management Association (IPMA) y Project Risk Analysis and Management (PRAM) de la Association for Project Management (APM-UK) Para ello se hará una revisión bibliográfica de los marcos de referencia anteriormente mencionados, centrando la atención en los procesos de gestión de riesgos, analizando las etapas de dichos procesos, las herramientas de análisis de riesgo y las estrategias de gestión de riesgo propuestas. Tras la revisión teórica es necesario realizar una comparación de la aplicación de estos enfoques. Para ello se ha decidido elegir como caso de estudio un proyecto del que se dispusiera abundante información y de envergadura suficiente para sufrir riesgos de diferente origen y tipología, seleccionando el Proyecto de Diseño y Construcción del Tercer Juego de Esclusas, perteneciente al Programa de Ampliación del Canal de Panamá. Por tanto, se ha realizado un plan de gestión del riesgo para dicho proyecto, utilizando los diferentes estándares y metodologías considerados y seguidamente se ha elaborado como conclusión un análisis comparativo de las analogías y diferencias, beneficios, carencias y limitaciones de cada uno de los enfoques. ; [EN] The main goal of the current thesis is to analyse the Risk Management of Project Management considering and comparing the main standards and methodologies in Project Management, such as Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) by Project Management Institute, PRojects IN Controlled Environments 2 (PRINCE2) by ...

Crisis escalation to war is a subject of longstanding interest. Case studies, formal models and statistical analysis offer compelling explanations for why some crises escalate to war while others do not. Much less can be said in answer to the following question: where do crises come from in the first place? In this paper, we first introduce the concept of a near crisis following the approach taken over the course of more than four decades by the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project. A near crisis is just below a crisis as defined by ICB with regard to intensity, as it lacks one essential condition for a crisis—higher likelihood of military hostilities. Second, we present a newly developed dataset that contains information on 86 cases in which actors perceived a threat to one or more basic values, along with an awareness of finite time for response to the value threat. We also present simple statistical models comparing (a) near crisis to crisis and (b) crisis to war that show that analyses based on the Near Crisis dataset will contribute to advancement of knowledge.

Construction contract general condition clauses have a major influence on the likelihood and degree of project success. This paper is about comparison between FIDIC and PPA Conditions of Contract. To achieve the objective of the study a desk study has been conducted to identify the similarity and differences of the clauses in FIDIC (1999) and PPA-ICB (2011) conditions of contracts and due to different limitations the study focuses on few of the clauses. Consequently, interview questionnaires are prepared and distributed to Consultants, Contractors, Lawyers, concerned government bodies and individual professionals. Accordingly, from the feedback of the respondent, this paper uses qualitative method of analysis, frequency method, and I come up with my conclusions. The major findings and recommendations of the study are (1) Most of my respondents agreed that FIDIC provisions are the one which clearly indicate the rights, obligations, and remedial rights of each contracting parties.(2) our local conditions of contract are in some way adapted from FIDIC conditions of contract in such a way to keep government , public interests and also to substantiate control of the government financed projects.(3) Our condition of contract has to be upgraded with certain time, because it has some short coming and gap with FIDIC Condition of contract. Finally, I emphasis that because of the limitations faced during the study the conclusion given on this paper are not binding and it is used for educational purpose only. Hence I recommend further detailed study has to be conducted on the topic to clearly conduct holistic conclusions that all could explore a positive output.

Construction contract general condition clauses have a major influence on the likelihood and degree of project success. This paper is about comparison between FIDIC and PPA Conditions of Contract. To achieve the objective of the study a desk study has been conducted to identify the similarity and differences of the clauses in FIDIC (1999) and PPA-ICB (2011) conditions of contracts and due to different limitations the study focuses on few of the clauses. Consequently, interview questionnaires are prepared and distributed to Consultants, Contractors, Lawyers, concerned government bodies and individual professionals. Accordingly, from the feedback of the respondent, this paper uses qualitative method of analysis, frequency method, and I come up with my conclusions. The major findings and recommendations of the study are (1) Most of my respondents agreed that FIDIC provisions are the one which clearly indicate the rights, obligations, and remedial rights of each contracting parties.(2) our local conditions of contract are in some way adapted from FIDIC conditions of contract in such a way to keep government , public interests and also to substantiate control of the government financed projects.(3) Our condition of contract has to be upgraded with certain time, because it has some short coming and gap with FIDIC Condition of contract. Finally, I emphasis that because of the limitations faced during the study the conclusion given on this paper are not binding and it is used for educational purpose only. Hence I recommend further detailed study has to be conducted on the topic to clearly conduct holistic conclusions that all could explore a positive output.

AbstractThis study focuses on forced migration and interstate violence during international crises, as a major security concern with salient implications for international relations stability. The empirical data consists of 229 crises designated as Forced Migration Crises (FMC), identified within the 374 crises of the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) project. The study outlines a framework for analyzing FMC compared with Non-Forced Migration Crises (NFMC), presents an index of Forced Migration Magnitude (FMM), and probes three hypotheses. It points to transformations in forced migration since WWII, compares crises with and without forced migration, and explores patterns of FMM and violence. Results lead to rejection of hypothesis 1 on similarities between FMC and NFMC, supporting hypothesis 2 on considerable diversity between them. Findings on extended scope, strategic locale, enduring forced migration problems and increased violence support hypothesis 3, challenging the placement of forced migration merely as a social or humanitarian domestic concern. Instead, results show a salient increase in FMM, coupled with more severe interstate violence and war, dangerously destabilizing regions worldwide. These patterns require the integration of forced migration within crisis frameworks, as a new research agenda, to understand the nature of forced migration in the 21st century and its impact.

6 Figuras.- 1 Tabla ; [EN] Synthetic fuel production from renewable energy sources like biomass is gaining importance driven by the ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Sorption enhanced gasification (SEG) proposes carrying out the gasification of biomass in the presence of a CO2sorbent, which allows producing a syngas with a suitable composition for a subsequent synthetic fuel production step. The Environmental Research Group of ICB-CSIC is involved in the assessment of this enhanced gasification process focused on residual biomass as a feedstock, analysing the influence of the main operating parameters (i.e. temperature, steam excess, residence time, .) in the different products obtained (gas, solids and tar). This work has been initiated in the framework of the EU H2020 Programme project FLEDGED [1] and it is going to be continued throughout the recently assigned WASYNG project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. In this work, some of the results obtained for one of the feedstocks studied are presented. ; [ES] La producción de biocombustibles sintéticos a partir de energías renovables como la biomasa constituye una de las principales soluciones para conseguir reducir de forma notable las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a nivel mundial. En concreto, la gasificación indirecta de biomasa con vapor en presencia de un sorbente de CO2 permite producir un gas de síntesis con la composición adecuada para un proceso posterior de síntesis de un biocombustible. El grupo de Investigaciones Medioambientales del ICB-CSIC se encuentra investigando este proceso de gasificación aplicado a biomasas de origen residual, estudiando la influencia de las principales variables de operación (tales como la temperatura, exceso de vapor, tiempo de residencia.) en los principales productos del proceso (gas, sólidos y alquitranes). Esta investigación ha comenzado en el marco del proyecto Europeo FLEDGED del programa H2020 [1] y continuará en el marco del recién asignado proyecto WASYING, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. En este trabajo se muestran algunos de los resultados obtenidos para una de las biomasas analizadas hasta el momento. ; This work has been carried out as part of the European Commission Horizon 2020 Framework Programme project FLEDGED (Grant agreement No. 727600) and the project WASYNG (No. RTI2018-095575-B-I00) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. Authors thank also the Regional Aragon Government (DGA) for the economic support under the research groups' support program. ; Peer reviewed

6 figures, 3 tables.-- Supplementary material under CC-BY license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; Fuel reformulation through the use of oxygenated compounds e.g. dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a potential option both to reduce the harmful soot emissions and to overcome the dependence on fossil fuels since many of them are bio-derived fuels. DMC presents a relative high oxygen content as compared with other additives and suitable characteristics to be used in combustion systems. The different fundamental aspects of the DMC combustion process including its oxidation behavior its tendency to produce soot and the role of the NO presence in the reaction system were studied. Experiments were conducted under well controlled conditions using specifically designed flow reactor systems. Results demonstrated the low tendency of DMC to form soot compared to other oxygenates and its capacity to contribute to NO reduction under specific fuel-rich conditions. Modeling calculations successfully reproduce reasonably well the experimental trends observed and emphasized the sensitivity of the results to the thermodynamic data of DMC and DMC derived species. ; Authors acknowledge the Aragón Government and the European Social Fund, GPT group, and MINECO and FEDER (Project CTQ2015-65226-R) for financial support. Dr. M. Abián acknowledges the MINECO and Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC) for the post-doctoral grant awarded (FPDI-2013-16172).

The authors would like to acknowledge the comments provided on early versions of this article by Professor Stan Siebert and Prof. Paul Edwards, comments received by attendees at ICBS 2014 and EUROMA 2015 conferences, and three anonymous referees. This research was supported by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Marie Skiodowska-Curie Actions project "MAKERS: Smart Manufacturing for EU Growth and Prosperity" with grant agreement number 691192, the Spanish Government under Grant ECO2014-58472-R, and the Junta de Andalusia under Grant P11-SEJ-7294. ; This study draws on literature at the intersection of servitization, digital business models and supply chain management. Work empirically explores how digital disruption has affected Business-to-Business (B2B) interdependencies. Dematerialization of physical products is transforming the way firms are positioned in the supply chain due to a reduction in production and transport costs and the different ways business engage with customers. Specifically, we propose that these new market conditions can empower downstream firms. We further propose that upstream firms can still capture additional value through digital service if their servitized offer includes difficult to imitate elements. The context of the analysis is the publishing industry. The Payment Card method employed is used to test UK and US consumer's perceptions of digital formats (eBooks) and assess their willingness to pay in relation to printed formats. The method undertaken enables us to elicit aggregated consumer demand for eBooks which in turn identifies optimal pricing strategies for the digital services. Analysis demonstrates that during digital servitization upstream firms should seek to deploy unique resources to ensure their strategic position in the supply chain is not diminished. ; European Commission under the Horizon Marie Skiodowska-Curie Actions project "MAKERS: Smart Manufacturing for EU Growth and Prosperity" 691192 ; Spanish Government ECO2014-58472-R ; Junta de Andalusia P11-SEJ-7294

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. E. Khoury , B. Vesnicer, J. Franco-Pedroso, R. Violato, Z. Boulkenafet, L.M. Mazaira Fernández, M. Díez, J. Kosmala, H. Khemiri, T. Cipr, R. Saeidi, M. Gunther, J. Zganec-Gros, R. Zazo Candil, F. Simöes, M. Bengherabi, A. Álvarez Marquina, M. Penagarikano, A. Abad, M. Boulayemen, P. Schwarz,, D. Van Leeuwen, J. González-Domínguez, M. Uliani Neto, E. Boutellaa, P. Gómez Vilda, A. Varona, D. Petrovska-Delacretaz, P. Matejka, J. González-Rodríguez, T. Pereira, F. Harizi, L. J. Rodríguez-Fuentes, L. El Shafey, M. Angeloni, G. Bordel, G. Chollet, S. Marcel, "The 2013 speaker recognition evaluation in mobile environment" in International Conference on Biometrics (ICB), Madrid (Spain), 2013, 1-8 ; This paper evaluates the performance of the twelve primary systems submitted to the evaluation on speaker verification in the context of a mobile environment using the MOBIO database. The mobile environment provides a challenging and realistic test-bed for current state-of-the-art speaker verification techniques. Results in terms of equal error rate (EER), half total error rate (HTER) and detection error trade-off (DET) confirm that the best performing systems are based on total variability modeling, and are the fusion of several sub-systems. Nevertheless, the good old UBM-GMM based systems are still competitive. The results also show that the use of additional data for training as well as gender-dependent features can be helpful. ; This evaluation was supported by the European Union under the project BEAT contract no. FP7-284989 , as well as the Swiss National Science Foundation under the LOBI project.